臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

二氧化氯（Chlorine Dioxide，ClO2）具有消毒效能佳且能有效控制消毒副產物等優點，因此，現今許多歐美國家淨水廠已將二氧化氯做為消毒程序之用藥。然而，國內至今尚無將二氧化氯應用於淨水程序中消毒用藥的實例。其主要原因是國內對於二氧化氯的使用及分析，還未定出明確規範及標準方法；加上臺灣原水水質特性的差異，故其於淨水程序中之應用，尚屬研究階段。鑑於未來食品、醫療及環境用藥等消毒方面使用二氧化氯有上升的趨勢，國內外相關的製備、應用等研究也日漸增多。就製備二氧化氯而言，多數均以電化學程序進行，該程序有用藥簡單、產出純度高及可連續產出使用等優勢。

本研究係承繼本校「隔膜電解法產製二氧化氯之研究」（楊佳霖，2010）所為。該篇研究主要探討電解槽體內不同電解液組成份對二氧化氯產出之影響，其研究成果發現以NaCl 2％及NaClO2 6％之組成為陽極槽電解液，NaOH 0.5 ％之組成為陰極槽電解液，並以12 V電解20分鐘後可得濃度302 mg/L、佔所有產出氯系化合物91％之二氧化氯溶液。

本研究以先前研究之電解液組成為主，進一步探討溫度對二氧化氯產出之影響以及連續產出一定範圍濃度之可能性。研究結果，發現隨著電解液起始溫度及冷卻水溫度的上升，電解槽內之起始電流、最高電流、最高溫度及產出的二氧化氯濃度皆有上升的現象。當控溫溫度達30 ℃，電解槽內之最高溫度達到52℃時，可製得濃度907 mg/L、佔所有產出氯系化合物98％之ClO2溶液。

於連續產出固定濃度ClO2研究方面，則是以固定電流輔以額外加藥的方式進行，其結果發現隨著電流的調降，二氧化氯的產出濃度隨之降低，且其產出時間有延長的趨勢。當電流值設定為20 A時，二氧化氯之最高產出濃度落在35 ~ 40 mg/L之範圍，而電解開始後30 ~ 45 分鐘之產出濃度皆在此範圍內。於電解過程中更換陽極槽電解液以維持產出濃度，若更換體積大於槽體體積50 ％後，則更換之體積越大，可於更換後20分鐘達更換前之濃度高峰，並維持此產出濃度，但於更換後短時間內會出現明顯的產出濃度落差。若更換體積槽體體積低於50 ％，更換後短時間內產出濃度之落差即較不明顯，但後續產出濃度並無回升的現象。因此推斷，於電解過程中以批次加藥的方式更換電解液，並無法達到連續產出一定濃度範圍之二氧化氯的目的。

Well known as a powerful water disinfectant with fewer disinfection by-products than chlorine, Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) has been widely used for treating potable water in western countries. Yet until today, ClO2 has not been used in practice as disinfectant in purifying potable water in Taiwan. Instead, the application of ClO2 in water purification remains to date at the stage of research. The major reason is the lack of guideline and standard operation procedure (SOP) for the use as well as analysis of this novel disinfectant. In the future, the ClO2 is expected to be more and more widely used as a disinfectant not only for potable water but also for food, medicine, environment, medicine, and so forth. As a result, more and more relevant research will surely be conducted in Taiwan as well as in foreign countries.

A new electrochemistry technology has been widely used in generating ClO2 because of its advantage of high purity production, simple dosing and continuous generation. This research is followed the outcome of previous study of this University on the production of chlorine dioxide by membrane electrolysis method this research. That study explored how different composition of anolyte in operating cell can affect the production of ClO2. According to the research, a ClO2 solution at 302 mg/L of concentration and 91 % of purity respectively can be achieved in 20 minutes of electrolysis operation conducted in mixed anolyte of 2 % NaCl and 6 % NaClO2 along with catholyte of 0.5 ％ NaOH in condition of 12 V operating voltage.（YANG，2010）

This study went further to explore two issues: the impact of temperature upon ClO2 production and the potentiality of continuous ClO2 production in certain concentration. The outcome of study demonstrates that along with the adjusted rise of initial temperature of electrolysis solution and that of cooling water, the initial current, top current, top temperature as well as ClO2 concentration all go up accordingly. When the controlled temperature reaches 30 ℃and cell top temperature arrives at 52℃, one can harvest a ClO2 at as high as 907 mg/L of concentration and 98% of purity.

As for the issue of continuous ClO2 production in certain concentration, the research shows that ClO2 production concentration goes down while the production time range tends to be prolonged, when the electricity current is lowered in a context of fixed current and extra dosing.

With the electricity current fixed at 20 A, the top production concentration falls into the category between 35 mg/L and 40 mg/L and the production concentration remains in this domain in 30 ~ 45 minutes after the process starts. The anolyte in operating cell is replaced with a view to sustaining production concentration. As the replacement volume is higher than 50%, the greater is the replaced volume, the more concentrated is the generated ClO2 solution, as the research suggests initially. However an obvious gap in production concentration is observed shortly after the replacement is made.

On the other hand, when the replacement volume is lower than 50%, gap in generation concentration is less evident but the subsequent concentration is not accelerating as expected. It is concluded accordingly the conceived continuous ClO2 generation in certain concentration seems not be able to be achieved by adding once for all the dose of electrolysis solution in present experimental generation process.

中文摘要…………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………Ⅲ
目錄………………………………………………………………………Ⅴ
圖目錄……………………………………………………………………Ⅶ
表目錄……………………………………………………………………Ⅸ
第一章 緒論………………………………………………………………1
第二章 文獻回顧…………………………………………………………3
2-1二氧化氯概述………………………………………………………3
2-1-1 二氧化氯的發現及基本性質………………………………3
2-1-2二氧化氯與其他消毒劑之比較………………………………6
2-1-3二氧化氯之消毒副產物………………………………………9
2-1-4二氧化氯之分析方法………………………………………10
2-2二氧化氯之製備及其應用………………………………………13
2-2-1二氧化氯的傳統製備方法…………………………………13
2-2-2電解法製備二氧化氯………………………………………16
2-2-3二氧化氯之應用……………………………………………17
2-2-4二氧化氯應用於水處理之相關規範………………………20
2-3電化學程序………………………………………………………23
2-3-1電解基本原理………………………………………………23
2-3-2法拉第電解定律……………………………………………24
2-3-3影響電解之相關因素……………………………………………24
第三章 材料與方法……………………………………………………26
3-1研究方法…………………………………………………………26
3-2 實驗藥品………………………………………………………28
3-3 分析設備…………………………………………………………28
3-4 實驗單元…………………………………………………………28
3-5實驗流程及方法…………………………………………………30
3-6分析方法…………………………………………………………32
第四章 結果與討論……………………………………………………36
4-1電解設備試車……………………………………………………36
4-2溫度對二氧化氯產出濃度之效益………………………………42
4-3固定電流對二氧化氯產出之影響………………………………47
4-4連續產出二氧化氯之可行性……………………………………54
第五章 結論與建議……………………………………………………60
5-1 結論………………………………………………………………60
5-2 建議………………………………………………………………61
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………62

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