臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

開花基因FT及TFL1在調控植物營養生長與生殖生長之過渡期中扮演重要的角色，本實驗由文心蘭中選殖出OnFT與OnTFL1基因，分析其在植物中之功能。OnFT之mRNA可在腋芽、葉片、假球莖及花苞中測得。在成株花器中，年輕的花苞測得的OnFT mRNA高於成熟花苞，尤其是萼片與花瓣。OnFT的表現受到光週期的調控，其表現量在開燈後八小時會達到最大值，隨後漸漸減弱，在關燈後維持低量表現。另外，OnTFL1只在腋芽及假球莖表現，並且不受到光週期的調控。在阿拉伯芥中異位大量表現OnFT可發現，轉殖植物會有提早開花的現象及產生終結花序。而在ft-1晚開花突變株中大量表現OnFT，可部份挽救回其晚開花的現象。而35S::OnTFL1的轉殖株中發現，有較晚開花的趨勢，並且具有互補回tfl1-11終結花序的能力。更進一步的發現，突變關鍵胺基酸，第85位置的組胺酸突變成酪胺酸後，可將OnTFL1之功能轉變成OnFT，並具有提早開花的能力。深入研究下游基因的表現，發現35S::OnFT及35S::OnTFL1-H85Y之轉殖植株，皆可影響AP1之表現量。綜合以上的結果，顯示單子葉文心蘭中OnFT及OnTFL1為PEBP基因家族的一員，對於調控植物由營養生長進入生殖時期與雙子葉阿拉伯芥之調控相似。

The FLOWERING LUCUS T (FT) and TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) genes play crucial roles in regulating the vegetative to reproductive phase transition. Orthologs of FT/TFL1 (OnFT and OnTFL1) were isolated and characterized from Oncidium Gower Ramsey. OnFT mRNA was detected in axillary buds, leaves, pseudobulb and flowers. In flowers, OnFT was expressed more in young flower buds than in mature flowers and was predominantly expressed in sepals and petals. The expression of OnFT was regulated by photoperiod, with the highest expression from the 8th to 12th hour of the light period and the lowest expression at dawn. In contrast, the expression of OnTFL1 was only detected in axillary bud and pseudobulb, and was not influenced by light. Ectopic expression of OnFT in transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed novel phenotypes by flowering early and losing inflorescence indeterminacy. In addition, ectopic expression of OnFT was able to partially complement the late flowering defect in transgenic Arabidopsis ft-1 mutants. In transgenic tfl1-11 mutant plants, 35S::OnTFL1 delayed flowering and rescued the phenotype of terminal flowers. Furthermore, substitution of the key single amino acid His85 to Tyr was able to convert the OnTFL1 function to OnFT by promoting flowering in 35S::OnTFL1-H85Y transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Further analysis indicated that the expression of APETALA1 (AP1) was significantly up-regulated in 35S::OnFT and 35S::OnTFL1-H85Y plants, and was down-regulated in 35S::OnTFL1 transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Our data indicated that OnFT and OnTFL1 are putative PEBP genes in orchids that regulate flower transition similar to their orthologs in Arabidopsis.

Contents

Chapter 1
Functional Analysis of FT and TFL1 Orthologs from Orchid (Oncidium Gower Ramsey) that Regulate the Vegetative to Reproductive Transition

List of Tables vii
List of Figures viiii
List of Appendix x

Abstract
Abstract in English 1
Abstract in Chinese 3

1 Introduction 4
1.1 Introduction of flowering regulation by photoperiod pathway 4
1.2 Flowering regulation by FT and related genes 5
1.3 TFL1 played a antagonist role to FT in flowering initiation 6

2 Materials and Methods 8

3 Results 17
3.1 Isolation of OnFT and OnTFL1 cDNA from O. Gower Ramsey 17
3.2 Gene expression of OnFT and OnTFL1 17
3.3 Ectopic expression of OnFT caused early flowering and partially
restored ft-1 mutant phenotypes in Arabidopsis 19
3.4 Ectopic expression of OnTFL1 delayed flowering and restored
tfl1-11 mutant phenotypes in Arabidopsis 20
3.5 A single amino acid substitution converts the function of
OnTFL1 in regulating flower transition 21
3.6 Cloning of the 5’-flanking region for OnFT 22

4 Discussion 23

5 Summary 29

6 References 30

7 Tables and Figures 39 Contents

Chapter 2
Functional analysis of the FT homologs from Arabidopsis and Adiantum reveals the possible role for exon 4 in controlling floral initiation

Abstract 59
Abstract in English 59
Abstract in Chinese 61

1 Introduction 62

2 Materials and Methods 64

3 Results 72
3.1 Isolation of AcMFT cDNA from Adiantum capillus-veneris 72
3.2 Ectopic expression of AcMFT caused early flowering and partially
restored ft-1 mutant phenotype in Arabidopsis 72
3.3 Ectopic expression of AcMFT-4th exon caused early flowering and
partially restored ft-1 mutant phenotype in Arabidopsis 73
3.4 FT promoter-mediated expression in transgenic Arabidopsis 75
3.5 Analysis of protein interaction between FT homologs and FD through
protein overlay and immunoprecipitation assays 75

4 Discussion 77

5 Summary 81

6 References 82

7 Tables and Figures 87

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2

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