臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究利用精煉爐將攪拌原件安裝在盛鋼桶內進行攪拌作業，待攪拌原件使用下線後再從盛鋼桶內取出進行實驗分析。首先利用掃瞄式電子顯微鏡觀察試片表面結構，由影像中得知鋁鎂尖晶石的形成、功能及鋼水的滲入路徑，再使用EDS分析試片表面，最後以使用XRD檢測確認成份。
實驗中使用掃瞄式電子顯微鏡所附設之背向散射電子影像成像觀察並配合EDS進行成份分析，發現攪拌原件被侵蝕的主因是鋼水中Fe元素滲入的影響，實驗中由Fe元素滲入層可得知鋼水進入攪拌原件內部，遇到堅硬且緻密的鋁鎂尖晶石阻擋滲入的路徑，在鋁鎂尖晶石內可觀察到白色小條紋及小晶粒分出現，由EDS分析後得知這兩點的位置內有Al、Ca、Si等元素，經原子百分比計算得知鋁矽酸鈣，由CaO- Al 2O3 - SiO2 系三相圖中可看出鋁矽酸鈣熔點為:1400℃，而這三種氧化物為攪拌原件中鋁相氧化物和攪拌磚表面經氧氣清洗後，殘鋼中的Ca及Si元素產生氧化鈣及氧化矽互相反應產生鋁矽酸鈣低熔點相化合物，由於攪拌原件因長時間在1600℃～1700℃間的鋼水作業必會將攪拌原件中的鋁矽酸鈣融入鋼水中，使得鋼水中Fe元素能沿著鋁矽酸鈣所留下的微裂紋滲入到攪拌原件晶粒內部，降低了攪拌原件顆粒間的結合力，當攪拌原件內部所生成的低熔點化合物過多時，攪拌原件表面的顆粒會因結構疏鬆崩落於鋼水中，使攪拌原件的侵蝕加速。
由整個實驗結果得知，鋁相與鎂相氧化物在高溫鋼水作用下產生鋁鎂尖晶石，同時伴隨著體積膨脹；反應後的尖晶石阻止了鋼水中Fe元素向原件內的擴散，但在氧氣清洗反應中的殘留元素CaO、SiO與攪拌原件中的Al2O3元素產生低熔點化合物，使原件組織結構疏鬆滲入層會因鋼水沖刷作用而崩落於鋼水中。當攪拌原件重複形成滲入層也因結構疏鬆持續崩落，則攪拌原件會因循環使用產生消耗直到下線更換。

In this study, refining furnace will be installed in the ladle porous plug to stir within the operations to be porous plug from the ladle to use come down and then taken out for experimental analysis. First, the use of scanning electron microscopy the surface structure of the specimen from the image that spinel formation, function and molten steel into the path, then use the EDS analysis of the specimen surface, and finally to confirm the ingredients using XRD.
The images were observed using the SEM-BEI, mixing the porous plug is the main cause of erosion by the molten steel into the effects of Fe in the experiment by the Fe layer that fills the air element into the state of steel phase into the mixing inside, the encounter hard and dense state of spinel block fills the air down to the path in the spinel. It can be observed within the white stripes and small grain points emerged from the EDS analysis that the location of these two points within the Al, Ca, Si and other elements, the atomic percentage of that CAS2 (aluminum calcium silicate). The CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 system of phase diagram of aluminum calcium silicate indicated that the melting point was 1400℃, and mixing these three components in the aluminum oxide phase of porous plug surface after oxygen cleaned, and molten silicon phase and each phase reaction of aluminum oxide calcium silicate compounds with low melting point, because stirring originals work for a long time between 1600℃ and 1700℃, the aluminum calcium silicate flows into the molten steel, makes the molten steel of Fe can be left along the aluminum calcium silicate micro-cracks into the grain interior to the porous plug, porous plug reduced the binding force between the particles, when the porous plug of low-melting compounds generated inside were too much, the porous plug surface of the particles loose caving in due to structural steel lead to mixing of the porous plug erosion.
That results from the aluminum phase and molten steel at high temperature magnesium oxide phase under the action of spinel, accompanied by volume expansion; reaction of spinel and Fe in molten steel to prevent the spread within the porous plug. However, the sintering reaction at high temperature molten steel in the CaO, SiO, and other elements and mixing elements of the porous plug produced in low-melting compounds of Al2O3 so that the porous plug structure of the original layer of loose into the role of erosion because of molten steel in the molten steel in caving. When the porous plug layer is repeated to form into caving due to loose structure continued, the porous plug produce consumption due to recycling off the assembly line until replaced.

中文摘要................................ I
Abstract ................................ II
總目錄...................................IV
第一章 前言................................ 1

第二章 文獻回顧................................ 3
2-1精煉爐冶金技術的發展................................ 3
2-2精煉爐的使用功能.................................5
2-2-1使用精煉爐目的................................ 5
2-2-2精煉爐製程方式................................ 7
2-2-3精煉爐對耐火材料的要求................................8
2-2-4攪拌磚對精煉爐的影響................................ 9
2-3攪拌磚的侵蝕原因................................ 11
2-3-1爐渣對攪拌磚的化學侵蝕.............................. 11
2-3-2鋼水對攪拌磚的化學侵蝕................................12
2-4攪拌磚的成份變化................................ 14
2-4-1攪拌磚體積密度和氣孔率的影響................................ 14
2-4-2攪拌磚的材質與性能................................ 17
2-4-3攪拌磚對抗渣性的影響................................ 21

第三章 實驗方法與步驟................................ 26
3-1攪拌磚的成份及特性................................ 26
3-2實驗流程................................ 28
3-3 SEM微觀結構分析................................ 29
3-4 X光繞射分析................................ 30

第四章 結果與討論................................ 31
4-1鋼水侵蝕分析................................ 31
4-2微結構觀察與成份分析................................ 33
4-2-1 SEM顯微分析................................ 33
4-2-2 X光繞射分析................................ 35
4-3 攪拌原件中鋁鎂尖晶石的功能................................ 41
4-4 鐵元素對攪拌原件滲入路徑................................ 44
第五章 結論................................ 53

第六章 參考文獻................................ 54
表目錄....................................V
表 2-1 主要精煉設備名稱 ............................................................................................ 6

表 2-2 攪拌磚對精煉爐影響總結 .............................................................................. 10

表 2-3 渣與渣線耐火材料所形成的相及熔點 .......................................................... 25

表 3-1 攪拌磚化學成份與化學性質 .......................................................................... 27

表 4-1 如圖 4-2-1、4-2-2 不同區域之成份分析 ...................................................... 36

表 4-2 如圖 4-2-3 不同區域之成份分析 ................................................................... 37

表 4-3 如圖 4-2-4 不同區域之成份分析 ................................................................... 38

表 4-4 A1、A2、A3、A4、A5、A6 不同區域的成份分析 ................................... 48
圖目錄..................................VI

圖 2-2-1 盛鋼桶加熱精煉法設備結構示意圖 ......................................................... 10

圖 2-4-1 Al 2 O 3 -MgO-SiO 2 三元相圖 .......................................................................... 16

圖 2-4-2 鋁鎂尖晶石原子結構圖 ............................................................................. 19

圖 2-4-3 MgO 與 Al 2 O 3 的相圖 .................................................................................. 19

圖 2-4-4 MgO 經 1600℃ 30 小時熱處理後之鋁鎂尖晶石表面 ............................. 20

圖 2-4-5 Al2O3 細粉加入量與攪拌磚的抗渣性關係 .............................................. 23

圖 2-4-6 攪拌磚渣蝕後顯微結構圖 ......................................................................... 24

圖 3-1-1 攪拌磚示意圖 ............................................................................................. 27

圖 3-2-1 實驗流程圖 ................................................................................................. 28

圖 4-1-2 磚體剖開後之試片 ..................................................................................... 32

圖 4-2-2 攪拌磚基材組織 ......................................................................................... 36

圖 4-2-3 攪拌磚反應層組織 ...................................................................................... 37

圖 4-2-4 攪拌磚緻密層組織 ...................................................................................... 38

圖 4-2-5 攪拌原件基材 XRD 分析結果 ................................................................... 39

圖 4-2-6 攪拌原件反應層 XRD 分析結果 ............................................................... 39

圖 4-2-7 攪拌原件緻密層 XRD 分析結果 ................................................................ 40

圖 4-3-1 紅色區塊為 Fe 元素滲入層 ....................................................................... 42

圖 4-3-2 Fe 元素與攪拌原件介面分析 ..................................................................... 42

圖 4-3-3 表示圖 4-3-2 不同位置化學成份 ............................................................... 43

圖 4-4-1 攪拌原件侵蝕後工作層與反應層顯微結構圖 ......................................... 48

圖 4-4-2 CaO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 三元相圖 .......................................................................... 49

圖 4-4-3 Mapping 分析 Fe 元素滲透路徑 ................................................................. 50

圖 4-4-4 Mapping 分析 Fe 元素滲透路徑 ................................................................. 51

圖 4-4-5 Fe 元素對攪拌原件侵蝕示意圖 ................................................................. 52

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