臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

植物經由昆蟲取食傷害後，誘導產生的間接防禦(indirect defense)已經被研究許久。黃條葉蚤(Phyllotreta striolata)為十字花科作物上主要的經濟害蟲之一，會造成植物地上部與地下部的取食傷害。植物受到不同空間分布的傷害後會啟動個別防禦機制，例如產生揮發物做為防禦信號，以利寄生蜂或是捕食者對寄主的定位。而這種信號對於專食性植食者，以及其內寄生性寄生蜂的行為影響，為此研究之目的。為瞭解十字花科植物於田間受植食者取食後所誘導植物的防禦反應與植食者間的交互作用，選用四週大的蘿蔔進行試驗。本實驗共計五個處理，地下部處理部分，於實驗前六天蒐集黃條葉蚤(P. striolata)的卵100顆洗入盆栽近莖部土壤，待幼蟲孵化後進行地下部傷害；地上部處理分別為植食者傷害與機械傷害，植食者傷害為於實驗前一天以絹網套住40隻黃條葉蚤成蟲進行地上部傷害24小時；機械傷害則以針頭在每片葉長大於3公分的葉子穿刺100個洞，並同時進行地上部與地下部植食者傷害處理和未傷害處理。以上述不同方式處理植物後，測試黃條葉蚤取食對日本紋白蝶(Pieris rapae)雌蟲產卵偏好(oviposition preference)的影響，以及對日本紋白蝶專一性寄生蜂菜蝶絨繭蜂(Cotesia glomerata)氣味偏好(odors preference)的影響。並佐以固相微萃取技術(SPME)進行植物揮發物的蒐集，與利用GC-MS進行化合物的分析鑑定。本試驗結果指出日本紋白蝶的產卵偏好會受到黃條葉蚤同時取食蘿蔔不同空間部位而影響，然而菜蝶絨繭蜂的搜尋行為對於蘿蔔受到黃條葉蚤的不同空間取食傷害後，整體來看則無顯著偏好。在植物揮發物質鑑定部分，目前已發現至少有一防禦性的揮發性化合物β-caryophyllene僅會經由植食者地上部的傷害而產生。而其餘的綠葉揮發物質(GLVs, green leaf volatiles)經由不同程度的昆蟲傷害後也會產生濃度上的變化。未來除了可探討不同種天敵的影響外，增加揮發物濃度的釋放，應該更有助於瞭解相關的交互作用機制。

Many previous studies have pointed out that plants may be induced indirectly after insects feeding. Phyllotreta striolata is one of the main economic pests of cruciferous plants, it will cause plants both aboveground and belowground damages. When different parts of plant get injuries, different defensive mechanism may be induced individually, such as volatile as a defensive signal that attracts parasitoids or predators to locate their hosts. For the aim of this study, I want to understand the effects of the induce defense response on the behavior of specialist herbivore and their endoparasitoid. To know the effect of crucifer plants fed by phytophagous insect and the interaction between induced plant defense responses and herbivores, four-week-old radish was used in this study. There are five treatments in this experiment. Six days before the experiment, 100 eggs of P. striolata were put into the radish plot soil; when they hatched to feed on the root, they were considered as the belowground treatment. The aboveground treatment separate to two types, one is feeding injury, the other is mechanical injury. For the feeding injury, one day before the experiment, 40 adult flea beetles will randomly feed on radish’s leaves. For the mechanical injury, one day before the experiment, needles were used to make 100 holes on all the leaves which length is more than 3 cm. I also used the same way to make both aboveground and belowground injury. The control treatment has no damage. To assess how the effect of different treatments, female of P. rapae oviposition preference and female of C. glomerata odor preference tests were conducted. Then, the same treatments were set up to collect plant volatiles by SPME, and chemical composition was analyzed by GC-MS. The results indicated that oviposition preference of P. rapae was affected by flea beetles feeding on different plant parts; but the effect on C. glomerata is not significant overall. At least one defensive related volatile compound β-caryophyllene would emit only through aboveground damage by insects, and the concentration of other green leaf volatiles were varied from different herbivore feeding damages.

中文摘要 ......................I
英文摘要 .....................II
目錄 ....................III
前言 ......................1
前人研究 ......................3
材料與方法....................11
結果 .....................18
討論 .....................20
結論 .....................24
參考文獻 .....................25
圖表 .....................31

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