中文摘要 I
Abstract II
致謝 III
Content IV
List of Tables VI
List of Figures VII
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction of urinary bladder carcinoma 1
1.1.1 The types and proportions of bladder cancer 1
1.1.2 The therapy of superficial bladder cancer 2
1.2 Introduction of gold nanoparticles 3
1.2.1 The properties of gold nanoparticles 4
1.2.2 Optical properties of gold nanoparticle- surface plasma resonance 5
1.2.3 Plasmonic photothermal therapy 7
1.3 Applications of gold nanoparticles in cancer treatment and detection 7
1.4 Orthotopic bladder cancer animal model 10
1.5 Motivations and objectives 11
Chapter 2 Materials and Methods 12
2.1 Research framework 12
2.2 Culture of bladder tumor cells 13
2.3 Immunofluorescence staining 13
2.3.1 Confocal spectral microscope 13
2.3.2 Flow cytometry assay 14
2.4 Synthesis of gold nanoparticles 15
2.5 Preparation of semi-antibodies for labeling gold nanoparticles 16
2.6 Validation processes of GNPs 17
2.6.1 Preparation of field emission scanning electron microscope sample 17
2.6.2 Preparation of transmission electron microscope sample 17
2.7 Experimental design of laser therapy 18
2.8 Animal model for orthotopic treatment of bladder cancer 20
2.9 Photothermal treatment on TCC animal model 21
Chapter 3 Results 22
3.1 Over-expression of EGFR in cancer cell lines 22
3.2 Preparation and characterization of GNPs 23
3.3 Semi-antibody and reaction of antibody/GNPs confirming 24
3.4 SEM and TEM image observations 25
3.5 In vitro laser experiment 28
3.5.1 Photothermal therapy of TCC cell lines 28
3.5.2 Measurement of temperature variation 31
3.6 Examination of C3H mice animal study 33
3.6.1 Orthotopic bladder cancer animal model 33
3.6.2 Photothermal therapy 34
Chapter 4 Discussion and Conclusion 38
References 41
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