臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

現有量測現地非飽和土壤基質吸力(負的孔隙水壓)方法可分為直接法與間接法，直接法最常用的是張力計，可直接量測土壤基質吸力；間接法包含熱導感測器。雖然量測範圍較大可達1500kPa以及可進行長時間監測，但其精度較低、材質易老化、易受溫度影響以及使用前必須在實驗室將溫度對基質吸力之關係進行標定。雖然有高吸力的張力計最高可量測1500kPa，但因水的氣穴效應在高吸力情況下量測時間較短，設計上無法使張力計在同一鑽孔內做不同深度的量測以及。本研究目的為利用張力計能快速達到吸力平衡、成本較低以及操作方便等優點，結合BAT sampler之設計概念，研發一個能直接貫入土層並且能在同一鑽孔內進行土壤基質吸力分佈量測之多點式張力計。本研究配合自製應力控制壓力板試驗儀(一維壓縮)對不同深度土壤薄管試體並進行試驗，將室內之應力控制土壤水分特性曲線以及現地使用多點式張力計量測之結果進行比較對照。

The measurement of maritc suction (negative pore water pressure) in unsaturated soil can generally be divided into direct and indirect methods. The most popular diect method is tensiometer. The indirect method can include the thermal conductivity sensor. Athough capable of measure matric suction up to 1500kPa for extended amount of time, it lacks sensitivity and tends to deteriate, affected by temperature and requires a laboratory calibration prior to field application. It is possible to use tensiometer for measuring matric suction as high as 1500kPa. Due to cavitation, the measurement time is short under high suction. Also, in most cases, it is not possible to insert multiple sensors in the same borehole location. The aim of this research is to develop a penetrometion type tensiometer that can measure matric suction at multiple depths in the same borehole. Using the concept of BAT sampler, the penetrometer/tensiometer has the advantage of low cost, easy to operate and reach equilibrium with the surrounding soil quickly. Concurrent with the development of the penetrometer/tensiometer, the author fabricated a stress constrolled pressure plate device to obtain the 1D stress dependent soil water characteristic curve (SDSWCC) for tube soil samples taken from the field. The SDSWCC obtained from field measurements using the new penetrometer/tensiometer and laboratory tests were then compared.

圖目錄 VII
表目錄 XI
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究動機與目的 1
1.2研究方法與內容 2
1.3論文內容概述 3
第二章 研究背景 6
2.1土壤吸力之基本理論 6
2.2土壤水分特性曲線 8
2.2.1遲滯現象 10
2.2.2應力控制土壤水分特性曲線 12
2.3土壤基質吸力之量測方法 13
2.3.1高進氣吸力陶瓷 13
2.3.2張力計 14
2.3.3水的氣穴效應以及如何克服 15
2.3.4張力計(高進氣吸力陶瓷)的飽和 17
2.3.5高吸力張力計 19
2.3.6壓力板試驗 20
2.3.7軸平移技術 21
2.3.8濾紙法 22
2.3.9鹽溶液法 23
2.3.10熱導感測器 24
2.3.11電導感測器 24
2.4 BAT sampler 26
第三章 土讓試驗規畫及設備 42
3.1試驗規畫 42
3.2現地取樣 42
3.3試驗土壤物理性質 43
3.3.1含水量試驗 43
3.3.2比重試驗 44
3.3.3粒徑分佈 44
3.3.4阿太堡試驗 45
3.3.5夯實試驗 45
3.4試驗儀器 46
3.4.1氣壓與水壓控制系統 46
3.4.2量測系統 46
3.4.3自製改良壓力板試驗儀 47
3.4.4貫入式張力計 49
3.4.5多點式張力計 49
3.5應力控制土壤水分特性曲線試驗 49
3.5.1儀器標定 50
3.5.2試驗步驟 50
3.5.3控制條件 53
第四章 試驗結果與討論 69
4.1 應力控制土壤水分特性曲線試驗 69
4.1.1交大博愛校區重模試體 69
4.1.2交大博愛校區薄管試體 71
4.1.3交大光復校區重模試體 72
4.1.4交大光復校區薄管試體 72
4.2貫入式張力計 74
4.2.1貫入式張力計上膠 74
4.2.2貫入式張力計飽和 75
4.2.3貫入式張力計室內測試 75
4.2.5貫入式張力計現地安裝數據 76
4.3多點式張力計 77
4.3.1 多點式張力計現地安裝數據 79
第五章 結論與建議 103
5.1結論 103
5.2建議 105
參考文獻 107

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