Calcium based sorbent for cyclic calcination/carbonation is considered as one of the promising CO2 capture technologies. But the prevention of CaO sintering and deterioration is a challenge for the development of CaO technology. In the present study the mechanical mixing method between sea water precipitated CaO and MgO to enhance the sorption capacity during cyclic capture is demonstrated. The cyclic CO2 capture capacities of the sorbents were evaluated by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicated that by adding only 5 wt. % of MgO into the CaO sorbent (CaO-MgO), the CO2 absorbed amount can be improved by 17% compared to the original CaO sorbent. Instead of passing CO2 only during the sorption period, passing CO2 right after the calcination process is completed (i.e. during the cooling and sorption periods) can greatly improve the capacity and stability of the cyclic absorption. The heating and cooling rates also affect the sorbent performance significantly.

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Research background 1
1.2 Motivation 3
1.3 Objectives 4
CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1 System to Capture CO2 5
2.1.1 Capture from industrial process streams 5
2.1.2 Pre combustion capture 6
2.1.3 Post combustion capture 7
2.1.4 Oxy fuel combustion capture 9
2.2 Types of CO2 capture technologies 10
2.2.1 Separation with sorbents/solvents 11
2.2.2 Separation with membranes 12
2.2.3 Distillation of a liquefied gas stream and refrigerated separation 12
2.3 Modes of CO2 storage 12
2.4 CO2 utilization 13
2.4.1 New process for CO2 abatement 14
2.4.2 Capture of CO2 in biomass (plants and algae) 14
2.4.3 Mineral carbonation 15
2.5 Carbon dioxide capture sorbents 15
2.6 Absorption system to capture CO2 16
2.7 Carbonation and calcination cycles in the CaO-CO2 absorption process 18
2.8 Sorbent deactivation 21
2.9 Cost assessments 22
2.10 Magnesium carbonate 22
2.11 CaO sorbents mixed with other metals 23
CHAPTER THREE EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 26
3.1 Procedure and method 26
3.2 Sorbent preparation technique 26
3.3 Characterization 29
3.4 Equipment and chemicals component 30
3.5 Experimental apparatus TGA System 30
3.6 Packed column test system 33
CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 35
4.1 Characterization 35
4.1.1 X-ray diffraction (XRD). 35
4.1.2 ICP-MS analysis 37
4.1.3 BET surface area analysis 38
4.2 CO2 absorption temperature range 41
4.2.1 Determination of the optimal absorption temperature 41
4.2.2 Effect of the cooling rate to determinate the optimal absorption temperature 44
4.3 Desorption temperature 45
4.4 CO2 absorption at constant absorption temperatures 47
4.5 Cyclic test at different absorption temperatures 49
4.6 Effect of heating and cooling rate 51
4.6.1 Effect of cooling rate on the CO2 absorption process at 20°C/min and 60°C/min 51
4.6.2 Effect of heating rate in the CO2 absorption process at 40 k/min, 50 k/min and 60 k/min 52
4.7 Effect of passing CO2 in the cooling process. 53
4.8 Mixture of CaCO3 (95%) and MgCO3 (5%) 54
4.9 SEM images CaCO3 after CO2 23 cycles at different temperatures 60
4.10 SEM images Mg-Ca Mixture after CO2 after carbonation/calcinations cycles at 700°C using TGA 63
4.11 Packed column adsorption test 64
CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION 68
5.1 Conclusions 68
5.2 Recommendation 69
REFERENCES 70

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