由於超載的車輛對道路橋梁等設施危害極大，有效的車輛荷重辨識系統是非常重要的。而一般傳統的靜態地磅站受限於地形與交通的影響，因而延伸出動態地磅(Weight in Motion, WIM)的概念。雖然此研究發展至今已有五十年之久，但目前這類產品在荷重的識別上並不精確，導致此類系統僅能初步篩選出可能超載之車輛。本研究採用Law, S. S. 所提出的時間域識別法(TDM)作為基本理論，藉由ANSYS 軟體數值模擬與實驗室試驗，對此理論方法在推導過程中數學模型假設的合理性以及其使用上的限制做逐步探討。另外，對利用撓度與彎矩兩種反應的識別效果做比較。最後，結合橋梁結構各大梁與荷重間存在反應識別分配係數的概念，有效簡化複合結構，順利對二維結構進行荷重的識別。此理論優點在於無須建立軸重識別資料庫以及具有力學理論作為基礎，將會是一套具有實際運用與發展空間的動態識別理論。

Since overloading vehicles result in great damage to roads and bridges, it is important to have an effective force identification system. In general, the traditional weighbridge station in static state is confined due to the influence of terrain and traffic; therefore, it extends a concept of Weight in Motion (WIM). Although the development
of this research has been fifty years, the moving force identification on products is not accurate. Instead, the system can only initially screen the vehicles which are likely to be overloaded. Hence, this study adopts Time Domain Method (TDM), proposed by Law, S. S., to be the basic theory. Through the numerical simulation and laboratorial testing, this study discusses the rationality of theoretical math model and the restrictions of using. In addition, it c ompares the results of identification between deflection and bending moment reactions. Finally, combine the structures of bridges and the concept of response identification distribution coefficient. By this, it simplifies the complex structures and makes it possible to identify the force of two-dimensional structure. The advantage of this theory is that it doesn’t need to create axle load identification databases; moreover, it is also based on the mechanical theory. Therefore, this theory will become practical and potential in the field of moving force identification.

摘要 ................................................................................................................................ I
Abstract ......................................................................................................................... II
誌謝 .............................................................................................................................. III
目錄 .............................................................................................................................. IV
圖目錄 ........................................................................................................................ VII
表目錄 ........................................................................................................................... X
第一章 緒論 .................................................................................................................. 1
1.1. 研究動機與目的 ........................................................................................... 1
1.2. 論文架構 ....................................................................................................... 2
第二章 文獻回顧 .......................................................................................................... 4
第三章 理論方法 .......................................................................................................... 9
3.1. 時間域識別法 ............................................................................................... 9
3.2. 基礎分析模型 ............................................................................................... 9
3.2.1. 單一荷重識別 ...................................................................................... 13
3.2.2. 多荷重識別 .......................................................................................... 14
3.3. 外力型式討論 ............................................................................................. 15
3.4. 移動速度討論 ............................................................................................. 22
3.5. 二維橋梁結構識別 ..................................................................................... 25
3.5.1. 反應識別分配係數之假設 .................................................................. 25
3.5.2. 二維結構荷重識別流程 ...................................................................... 28
3.6. 誤差計算 ..................................................................................................... 29
3.7. 小結 ............................................................................................................. 29
第四章 數值模擬與分析 ............................................................................................ 31
4.1. 一維梁構件模擬 ......................................................................................... 31
4.1.1. 梁構件數值分析模型 .......................................................................... 31
4.1.2. 模態分析 .............................................................................................. 34
4.1.3. 單軸荷重識別 ...................................................................................... 39
4.2. 二維橋梁結構模擬 ..................................................................................... 50
4.2.1. 橋梁結構數值分析模型 ...................................................................... 50
4.2.2. 荷重識別 .............................................................................................. 55
4.2.2.1. 等效彎曲剛度 .......................................................................... 55
4.2.2.2. 反應識別分配係數 .................................................................. 58
4.2.2.3. 案例驗證 .................................................................................. 59
第五章 實驗室試驗 .................................................................................................... 61
5.1. 實驗室試驗試體與儀器設備 ..................................................................... 61
5.2. 量測取樣率設定 ......................................................................................... 67
5.3. 自然振動頻率量測 ..................................................................................... 67
5.4. 彎曲剛度識別 ............................................................................................. 69
5.5. 構件阻尼比識別 ......................................................................................... 70
5.6. 單軸荷重識別 ............................................................................................. 72
5.6.1. 彎矩反應識別結果 .............................................................................. 75
5.6.2. 撓度反應識別結果 .............................................................................. 83
5.7. 小結 ............................................................................................................. 86
第六章 結論與建議 .................................................................................................... 87
6.1. 結論 ............................................................................................................. 87
6.2. 展望 ............................................................................................................. 88
參考文獻 ...................................................................................................................... 90
附錄A .......................................................................................................................... 93
附錄B .......................................................................................................................... 96
附錄C ........................................................................................................................ 102
附錄D ........................................................................................................................ 105
附錄E ........................................................................................................................ 111
附錄F ........................................................................................................................ 116

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