生活處處皆須要能源，但是傳統能源的使用會產生溫室氣體排放或是產生核廢料而造成環境的汙染，加上天然資源的有限，開發或找尋替代能源為必須首要任務，眾多替代能源中太陽能被認為是乾淨並且不會斷絕的能源。
傳統單晶矽太陽能電池製造成本較高，薄膜電池部分原料為有毒物質，而染料敏化太陽能電池則是利用便宜的元件、簡單的製程，雖然其光電轉換效率尚未達到其他二者，但是其發展的前景仍是備受期待。
光敏染料是染料敏化太陽能電池中重要的元件，在光敏染料釕金屬錯合物中引進氮雜環碳烯(N-heterocyclic carbene)單元並延長其共振結構，藉其特殊σ donor特性與對可見光區高莫耳消光系數，希望能有效將太陽光能轉換成電能。
本論文成功合成含有多共振結構釕金屬錯合物應用於光敏染料，之後將會把光敏染料分子製作成元件並進行光電轉換之測試。

Life needs energy everywhere. However, the use of the traditional energy will produce the greenhouse gas to discharge or the nuclear waste material which causes the environmental pollution. In addition, natural resources are limited. Development or looking for alternative energy source must be with primary task. The solar energy is considered to be the clean and sustainable energy in numerous alternative energy source.
Single-crystal silicon solar cells’ manufacturing cost is relatively high. Thin-film solar cells which some raw materials are noxious substances. The dye-sensitized solar cells utilize cheap component and simple process. Though its conversion efficiency has not reached other two yet. But the prospect of its development is still expected.
The photosensitizers are important components in the dye-sensitized solar cells. Introduce the unit of the N-heterocyclic carbene in photosensitizers ruthenium complex and extend its conjugated structure. By using its σ donor characteristic and higher visible light molar extinction coefficient hope that solar energy can be converted into electrical energy.
This thesis succeeds in synthesis of a ruthenium complex containing highly conjugated branches. We will make into the components and proceed into the photoelectric conversion test.

中文摘要-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------i
英文摘要------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ii
誌謝---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iii
目錄----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iv
圖目錄--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------vi
表目錄------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------viii
一、緒論-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
1-1 前言-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
1-2 太陽能電池發展與種類---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
1-2-1 第一代太陽能電池-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
1-2-2 第二代太陽能電池-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
1-2-3 第三代太陽能電池-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
1-3 染料敏化太陽能電池-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
1-3-1 基本構造-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
1-3-2 工作原理-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7
1-3-3 半導體電極-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9
1-3-4 電解液--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10
1-3-5 太陽能電池電壓-電流輸出特性-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------10
1-3-6 金屬錯合物與文獻探討------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11
1-4 結構設計概念與動機----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20
二、結果與討論------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23
2-1 逆合成分析------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23
2-2 合成策略--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24
2-2-1 合成4,5-dibromo-1,2-benzenediamine (5) -----------------------------------------------------------------------25
2-2-2 合成4-octyloxy-α-(4-octyloxy-phenyl)benzenemethanol (7)------------------------------------------------------25
2-2-3 Michaelis-Arbuzov Reaction & Wittig Reaction------------------------------------------------------------------26
2-2-4 Lithium-halogen exchange & Stille coupling -------------------------------------------------------------------27
2-2-5 合成Ancillary Ligand -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29
2-2-6 Ruthenium complex---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------30
2-3 染料性質與元件測試----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31
三、結論及未來展望--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32
四、實驗流程及光譜數據----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------33
4-1 實驗儀器--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------33
4-1-1 核磁共振光譜儀------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------33
4-1-2 紫外/可見光光譜儀---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------33
4-1-3 高解析質譜儀--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------33
4-2 實驗藥品--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------33
4-2-1 顯色劑配製----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34
4-3 實驗步驟與光譜數據----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34
參考文獻------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------41
附錄----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------45

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