臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來積體電路發展趨向微小化及多樣化，因此在系統晶片上有各種不同電路，電源轉換器也包括在內。本論文提出一套直流對直流降壓轉換器自動化合成流程，可以支援兩種不同的架構，包含切換式降壓轉換器（Buck Converter）及線性低壓降穩壓器（Linear Low Dropout Voltage Regulator, LDO），此兩種轉換電路皆包含補償的控制電路（Control Circuit），而補償元件面積能夠達到最小值。
使用者只須在工具界面上選取轉換器架構，並輸入規格需要之規格，例如輸入電壓、輸出電壓等等，合成工具會自動產生合適的參數，與HSpice所需的模擬檔，以進行後續的電路模擬，驗證設計結果與規格是否相符，若不符合規格，合成工具會自動調整輸入參數，並重新跑一次合成程序，在切換式降壓轉換器中，主要判斷的是效率；而在線性低壓降轉換器中，判斷的規格是線性調節度與負載調節度。整個轉換器的合成流程已經以工具命令語言（Tool Command Language, Tcl）整合，可以在Linux作業系統上執行。由合成範例可看出，產生的電路皆能夠符合規格。

Recent trend of integrated circuit design requires miniaturization as well as diversification. As such, the IC contains different kinds of circuits on a whole chip including power converters. This work proposes an automatic synthesis flow for DC-DC step-down converters. The converter architectures of a switcher DC-DC step-down converter（buck converter） and a linear low dropout voltage regulator（LDO） are both supported in the flow with complete control circuits. Moreover, the area of compensation circuits is minimized.
Users can select topology of converter and input specifications of converters in the proposed synthesis tool, like input voltage, output voltage, etc. Then the synthesis tool will automatically generate proper design parameters and corresponding design netlist. The netlist is then simulated with HSpice to verify the implementation results with specifications. If the required specifications are not achieved, the tool will adjust the input parameters and re-run the synthesis procedure actomatically. For buck converters, the primary concern is the efficiency. For LDO circuits, the primary concerns are the line regulation and load regulation. This proposed synthesis flow has been integrated with the tool command language（tcl） on Linux platform. As demonstrated on the circuit examples, all the generated circuits can meet the required specifications.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
致謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 x
第一章、 緒論 1
1-1 研究動機 1
1-2 電源轉換器基本簡介 5
1-3 相關研究 9
1-4 論文組織 11
第二章、 背景 12
2-1 簡介 12
2-2 切換式降壓轉換器基本介紹 13
2-2-1 工作原理 15
2-2-2 連續導通模式與非連續導通模式 16
2-3 線性低壓降穩壓器基本介紹 17
2-3-1 工作原理 19
第三章、 切換式降壓轉換器合成 21
3-1 合成流程 21
3-2 電感漣波電流 23
3-3 輸出漣波電壓 26
3-4 效率 28
3-5 回授控制系統 33
3-5-1 轉換電路轉移函數 34
3-5-2 脈衝寬度調變器轉移函數 37
3-5-3 補償的誤差放大器轉移函數 39
3-6 電路模擬與修正 43
3-7 合成範例 44
第四章、 線性低壓降穩壓器合成 55
4-1 合成流程 55
4-2 壓降電壓 57
4-3 靜態電流 58
4-4 線性調節度 60
4-5 負載調節度 61
4-6 頻率響應 63
4-7 電路模擬與修正 67
4-8 合成範例 68
第五章、 自動化合成工具 76
5-1 簡介 76
5-2 切換式降壓轉換器 77
5-3 線性低壓降穩壓器 81
第六章、 結論與未來展望 86
6-1 結論 86
6-2 未來展望 87
參考文獻 88

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