本研究主要目的是藉由動量衝量定理，探討以定點跳躍方式在不同距離與高度下次最大力量控制的機制，實驗操弄不同的高度與距離以分析跳躍過程中下肢控制之運動學與動力學參數變化。研究以10名主修體育的男姓大學生為實驗參與者（平均年齡、身高以及體重分別為20.2 ± 0.6歲、171.1 ± 6.9公分、60.9 ± 5.4公斤），以隨機的方式要求實驗參與者從測力板（9287BA, 1000 Hz）上起跳，表現原地垂直跳躍至膝高、原地垂直跳躍至1/2膝高、前躍1 m至膝高、前躍1 m至1/2膝高。生物力學參數以2（距離）× 2（高度）重複量數二因子變異數分析進行統計考驗，顯著水準訂為α = .05。結果顯示，總衝量、加速衝量與減速衝量的地面反作用力會隨著跳躍高度的增加而提升（p < .05），在跳躍高度主要效果中，最大地面反作用力顯示未達統計差異（p > .05）；然而，原地垂直跳的垂直最大力量地面反作用力顯著大於前躍1 m（p < .05）。在原地垂直跳躍至1/2膝高情境中，加速衝量對減速衝量的地面反作用力比值較高（p < .05），顯示在1/2膝高情境中為表現次最大力量的原地垂直跳與前躍1 m，會以加速衝量的控制作為主要策略。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of force control for submaximal jumps to the different heights and distances of target platform by the momentum-impulse relationship. Ten male college students major physical education were recruited as the volunteer participant. The mean age, height, and weight of participants were 20.2 ± 0.6 years old, 171.1 ± 6.9 cm, and 60.9 ± 5.4 kg respectively. They were asked randomly to perform vertical jump to knee height, vertical jump to a half knee height, long jump 1 m to knee height, and long jump1 m to a half knee height of platforms from a Kislter force platform (9287BA, 1000 Hz). The 2 (distance) × 2 (height) repeated measures two way ANOVAs were used to test the statistical difference of biomechanical parameters with an alpha level .05. The results showed that the total impulse of ground reaction force (GRF), acceleration impulse of GRF, and deceleration impulse of GRF were increase significantly following the increase of platform height (p < .05). The peak GRF was showed no statistical difference on the height factor (p > .05), but the peak GRF of vertical jump was larger than long jump 1 m significantly (p < .05). The ratio of acceleration impulse to deceleration impulse of GRF was higher under the conditions of a half knee height and vertical (p < .05). It indicated that the control of acceleration impulse was the mainly strategy to perform submaximal vertical jump and long jump to a half knee height.

摘要i
謝誌iii
目錄iv
圖目錄vi
表目錄vii

第壹章　緒論1
第一節　問題背景1
第二節　研究目的3
第三節　研究範圍與限制義3
第四節　名詞解釋與操作性定4
第五節　研究的重要性5
第貳章　文獻探討7
第一節　動量衝量定理7
第二節　精確度與速度的控制10
第三節　次最大力量的概念與運用12
第四節　結語14
第參章　研究方法15
第一節　實驗參與者15
第二節　實驗器材15
第三節　實驗設計16
第四節　實驗步驟17
第五節　資料蒐集與處理19
第肆章　結果與討論20
第一節　下肢控制的運動學分析20
第二節　下肢控制的動力學分析25
第三節　綜合討論36
第伍章　結論與建議41
第一節　結論41
第二節　建議42
引用文獻44
附錄：實驗參加者須知與同意書47

圖目錄
圖1. 測力板16
圖2. 實驗流程圖18

表目錄
表1. 定點跳躍運動學參數之平均值與標準差21
表2. 垂直速度重複量數二因子變異分數摘要22
表3. 垂直最大速度單純主要效果變異數分析摘要23
表4. 運動學參數對高度與距離重複量數二因子變異數分析摘要24
表5. 定點跳躍動力學參數之平均值與標準差26
表6. 垂直力量重複量數二因子變異數分析摘要27
表7. 垂直最小力量單純主要效果變異數分析摘要28
表8. 減速衝量與時間差重複量數二因子變異數分析摘要29
表9. 加速衝量與時間差重複量數二因子變異數分析摘要31
表10. 加速衝量單純主要效果變異數分析摘要32
表11. 積分比值與總衝量重複量數二因子變異數分析摘要33
表12. 總衝量單純主要效果變異數分析摘要35

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