近來台灣人口老化與少子化的問題引起社會熱烈的討論，對於銀髮族安養或是長期照護的議題逐漸被大眾所關注。科技的發達使得許多的醫療內容服務的產品與資訊內容不斷地被數位化，為了追求更方便且有效率的生活方式，各式各樣的科技產品也被個人化、行動化，以方便、滿足人們可以無時無刻、隨時隨地就能處理各種事務。例如行動使用者可透過行動設備(如手機、個人數位助理)進行網路交易行為。發展至今，行動化裝置再也不是只能僅僅做語音通話功能，除了通訊功能外，更具備了個人數位助理(Personal Digital Assistant, PDA)的功能。科技的進步，不但使企業活動有效率，也提供消費者擁有更貼心、更便利的服務。
基於這樣的發展趨勢，在本研究中我們發展了一個在行動化裝置上的醫療數位加值服務平台。其次我們整合密碼學上的相關驗證機制(例如公開金鑰系統、秘密金鑰系統和數位簽章)、無線網路、網頁及SQL等相關技術進而建構出一個創新性的行動醫療加值服務系統。使得消費者能夠以一個行動化裝置手持式裝置在具有無線通訊網路架構下的任何地方，進行存取使用者所需求的醫療加值服務；讓交易的雙方都能安全地進行資料交換，提高系統的安全性，以確保交易的安全性與可信度。
本論文將以行動裝置、智慧卡、數位簽章、跌倒判斷、無線射頻識別技術 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)為基礎，規劃一個創新性的行動醫療加值服務系統。其方法是利用無線傳輸的特性，將年長者及時狀態，諸如站立坐下躺下等動作，傳送到中控主機，這可以預防老年人跌倒。倘若老年人意外跌倒後，能做第一時間緊急通報，醫護人員也能隨時隨地掌握老人生理狀況以便給有充足病理資訊，作為診斷之依據進而提升照護品質。
老年人的健康照護是一個很重要的議題，本論文提出一個全方位的醫療整合服務流程，包含以智慧卡為基礎發展出來的健康檢查報告，到RFID 跌倒通報系統。如果在家中老年人在家中不慎跌倒，照護系統則可隨時監測老人生理資訊。若此時老人需要藥物治療及長期照護，那麼本文技術即是關鍵。所以本博士論文的貢獻是透過事前健康檢查的預防，經由跌倒通報系統監控，再經由長期照護系統，以及用藥安全管理系統讓老人用藥得以有保障，建構出一個完備的醫療服務體系。

Recently, the increasing of the aging population and decreasing of low birth rate have been causing the radical discussion in the society. The issues about senior nursing or long term care have been addressed in public.With the improvement of modern technology, numerous medical services have been digitalized constantly in our daily life. In order to be more convenient and efficient, a wide variety of high technological products have also been personalized, mobilized, so people can handle their businesses anytime and anywhere. For example, mobile users can perform the Internet transactions via mobile devices (such as cell phone and Personal Digital Assistant). Nowadays, the mobile devices are not only used in communication, but it can be combined with Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) functions. The progress of technology makes the commercial activities efficient; moreover, it provides consumers with more convenient and intimate services.
Due to the tendency of the technology development, we implement a digital value-added services platform via the mobile device in this dissertation. We integrate the related cryptography mechanisms (for example: public key infrastructure, symmetric cryptography and digital signature) wireless and SQL technologies to construct an inhttp://libproxy.ncue.edu.tw/cgi-bin/cdrfb3/gsweb.cgitelligent RFID medical health care system. The consumer can use a mobile device to get a requested value-added service so that the buyers and sellers can exchange data and perform a secure transaction. Therefore, the security and reliability of the system are assured in our scheme.
On the basis of mobile devices, digital signature, smart cards, and radio frequency identification (RFID), a novel mobile medical value-added service system is proposed in this dissertation. The method is to use the feature of wireless transmission. The elders’ real-time physical conditions, such as standing, sitting, and lying, can be transmitted to the server. By doing so, this can prevent the elders from falling. Since the elders’ physiological data can immediately be gasped, the medical staff can have sufficient pathological information as diagnosis to offer medical treatment. Besides, the wireless transmission can be integrated with computer network techniques to establish a complete monitor system to upgrade medical quality.
The elders’ health care is of significance. I propose a full range of medical integration service process, including the smart-card based health examination report and the RFID fall notification system. If the elderly accidentally fall down at home, the health care system can monitor their physiological data at any time. If the elderly need medical treatment or long term care, the techniques mentioned here are the key to elderly health. Therefore, the contribution of the dissertation is to provide the prediction of health examination in advance, the monitoring of fall notification system, the long term care system, and medication management system to guarantee the elders’ medication. All these systems constitute a well-equipped medical service system.

Contents page
中文摘要 I
Abstract III
Acknowledgements V
Contents VI
Figure Caption IX
Table Caption XI
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1-1 Background and motivation 1
1-2 Research methods 2
1-3 Structure of the dissertation 6
Chapter 2 Fundamental theories 7
2-1 Introduction to RFID 7
2-2 RSA cryptographic algorithm 8
2-3 Signature with one-way Hash Function 9
2-4 Research methods 10
Chapter 3 A mobile secure transaction system for applications of medical treatment examination reports 11
3-1 Introduction 11
3-1-1Related works 12
3-1-2 System requirements 15
3-2 TheProposedscheme 16
3-2-1 Notations 19
3-2-2 Registration phase 20
3-2-3 Login phase 21
3-2-4 Verification phase 22
3-2-5 Password modification phase 24
3-3 Security analysis and discussions 27
3-3-1 Security analysis 27
3-3-2 Discussions and comparisons 28
3-4 The summary of a mobile secure transaction system for applications of medical treatment examination reports 31
Chapter 4 An avanced RFID system for fall notification 33
4-1 Introduction 33
4-2 System structure 36
4-2-1 System architecture 36
4-2-2 Information flow 37
4-2-3 Reader architecture 38
4-2-4 Tag architecture 39
4-2-5 DPCM (Differential Pulse Code Modulation) 40
4-3 Fall detection and notification 41
4-4 Experimental results, analysis, and discussions 43
4-5 The summary of an advanced RFID system for fall notification . 47
Chapter 5 A novel dual-band RFID Long-Term-Care systems 48
5-1 Introduction 48
5-2 Research methodology and system structure 51
5-2-1 System architecture 51
5-2-2 Data transferring 53
5-2-3 Function plan and lab platform 55
5-2-4 The 2.45G Hz active reader spec 56
5-2-5 The 2.45G Hz active tag spec 57
5-2-6 13.56MHz passive tag spec 57
5-3 Experimental results and discussions 58
5-4 Characteristics 61
5-5 The summary of a novel dual-band RFID long-term-care
systems 64
Chapter 6 A non-repudiated RFID medication safety systems65 6-1 Introduction 65
6-2 The proposed scheme 66
6-2-1 Notations 70
6-2-2 Registration phase 71
6-2-3 Prescription phase 71
6-2-4 Medication-dispensed phase 73
6-2-5 Prescription change phase 75
6-3 Security analysis and discussions 75
6-3-1 Security analysis 75
6-3-2 Authentication analysis 76
6-3-3 Integrity analysis 76
6-3-4 Non-repudiation analysis 77
6-4 System demo and discussions 78
6-5 Operation procedure of RFID AMDM 78
6-6 The summary of non-repudiated RFID medication safety system 81
Chapter 7 Conclusions and future outlook 82
7-1 Conclusions 82
7-2 Future outlook 84
References 85
Vita and Publications 101
Publications 102


Figure Caption
Figure 3.1 A flow chart of the mobile medical treatment examining report Transaction system based on smart cards 16
Figure 3.2 A registration phase flow chart phase 20
Figure 3.3 A login phase flow chart 21
Figure 3.4 A verification phase flow chart23
Figure 3.5 A password modification flow chart 25
Figure 4.1 System architecture of dual-band RFID intelligent fall notification systems37
37
Figure 4.2 System architecture of dual-band RFID intelligent fall notification systems38
Figure 4.3 Block diagram of 2.45 GHz fall and voice tag39
Figure 4.4 Voice and data transformations of the 2.45 GHz fall and voice tag 42
Figure 5.1 System architecture of dual-band RFID LTC system52
Figure 5.2 Network structure of dual-band RFID LTC system 53
Figure 5.3 Data transferring flow diagram of dual-band RFID LTC system. 54
Figure 5.4 Lab experiment platform .55
Figure 5.5 2.45 GHz Reader . 56
Figure 5.6 Case study of dual-band RFID LTC system . . 59
Figure 5.7 Functions of access control system, patients’ information and abnormal messages. . .60
Figure 6.1 Processes and functions of proposed scheme..68
Figure 6.2 Overview of prescription phase . 72
Figure 6.3 Overview of medication-dispensed phase. . . . .73
Figure 6.4 RFID AMDM . . 78
Figure 6.5 Structure diagram of RFID AMDM. . . .79
Figure 6.6 Integration system of RFID AMDM . . .79


Table Caption

Table 2.1 RFID tag types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8
Table 3.1 A comparison of related smart card-based systems 32
Table 4.1 Characteristics of the 2.45 GHz fall and voice tags 40
Table 4.2 Transmission characteristics of audio signals.44
Table 4.3 A comparison of fall notification systems . 46
Table 5.1 A comparison of RFID LTC systems . . 63
Table 6.1 Non-repudiation proofs of the proposed scheme 77
Table 6.2 Comprehensive analysis of KPI . . . . . . 80

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