臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近幾年科技進步，傳輸技術突飛猛進，「網路」儼然已成為生活中不可或缺部份，原本語音通信已無法滿足求新求變消費者目光青睞，人們希望可以隨時隨地利用上網設備獲取訊息，不論是收發電子郵件、多媒體訊息服務及各種即時多媒體應用，「行動通信」進一步成為通信平台主流。網路成為掌握訊息傳遞主角，手持式設備日新月異層出不窮，不論是智慧手機、平板或手提電腦等，各廠商無不費盡心思各自發展商品吸引消費者購買，結合各類數位科技智慧結晶，經由「無線網路」傳輸技術，各類多媒體型態訊息透過手持式設備傳達，使用者生活與網路息息相關密不可分，因而更帶動手持式設備蓬勃發展。
「無線網路」在現今應用上配合基地台使用，然而在災難或戰場等地點，缺乏基地台建置，僅能利用手持式設備，以無線自主網路（Ad hoc Wireless Networks）快速建立部署一套能自我組織的通訊系統，並配合成員編制確保現場情況立即傳送。就現在應用層面而言，在有線網路環境中，資源要求並不如無線網路環境中要求嚴苛，因此可視當時資源狀況，我們可利用單一傳播或群播方式執行，然而在隨意式無線網路中，每個節點透過網路拓樸成員，以相互合作關係，進行訊息傳送與接收，傳遞過程中電力能量損耗、頻寬限制、節點移動等因素影響整體傳播效能，在如此眾多限制因素下，群播服務是提供一對多傳播最佳方法，因為利用群播方法比起一次只對一個網路節點單一傳播傳輸方式，更能節省許多有限資源。
論文中我們以ODMRP為架構，提出階層式管理概念及九宮格虛擬網路拓樸架構，經由中繼管理節點及虛擬識別碼運作模式，控制封包於特定範圍傳遞，藉此改善control overhead過多問題。

In recent years, the transmission technology has made a great progress. The network has become indispensable. Voice communication has been unable to satisfy the consumers. We are now used to get information in anytime and anywhere. Therefore, the mobile communication becomes the transmission platform further. By way of the wireless network technology, each kind of multimedia news transmits by the handheld equipment. Our life and the network are closely linked together. Thus it leads to the handheld equipment’s vigorous development.
The wireless network must coordinate the base station. However, in disaster or battlefield, it lacks the base station. To establish the communication system immediately, we just only use the handheld equipment and deploy a wireless network. But in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, it has a lot of influence factors, for example, electric power or limiting bandwidth, node migration, and so on. So the multicast can be used to save limited resources in wireless network.
In the thesis based on ODMRP protocol, we propose a new concept of the social stratum type management construction and virtual network topology. We use the relaying management node and the virtual identification code operation pattern to control packet transmission in the particular range. Through Simulations we can improve such problem about control overhead increase.

致 謝 i
摘 要 ii
Abstract iii
目 錄 iv
圖 目 錄 ix
1. 簡介 1
1.1 研究目的 1
1.2 無線Ad Hoc網路簡介 3
1.3 在隨意無線網路架構下群播服務 6
1.4 論文綱要 13
2. 相關研究介紹 15
2.1. 在Ad Hoc Network以Mesh為網路拓樸架構群播繞路協定ODMRP 15
2.2. 以中繼傳播節點（Forwarding Node）為基礎架構群播路由協定ODMRP－MPR （On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol with Multipoint Relay in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network） 21
2.3. 以區域範圍為傳播基礎群播路由協定MZRP（Multicast Zone Routing Protocol） 32
2.3.1. 路由協定ZRP（Zone Routing Protocol） 32
2.3.2. 群播路由協定MZRP（Multicast Zone Routing Protocol） 39
3. 以ODMRP-MPR與ZRP為基礎群播路徑協定 45
4. 模擬分析與結果 63
4.1. NS-2模擬軟體簡介 63
4.2. 安裝實驗環境 66
4.3. 模擬環境 68
4.4. 模擬結果及分析 70
4.4.1. 來源節點數量增減模擬結果及分析 70
4.4.2. 群播組員節點數量增減模擬結果及分析 72
4.4.3. 群播組數數量增減模擬結果及分析 74
4.4.4. 頻寬增減模擬結果及分析 76
4.4.5. 移動速度增減模擬結果及分析 78
4.4.6. 封包量增減模擬結果及分析 80
5. 結論與未來工作方向 83
5.1. 結論 83
5.2. 未來工作方向 85
參考文獻 87

1. 張瑞雄等, July 2004, "IPV6新世代網際網路協定暨整合技術（頁1.2-1.10）", 台北市, 旗標出版股份有限公司.
2. 柯志亨等, July 2005,"計算機網路實驗－以NS2模擬工具實作", 台北市, 學貫行銷股份有限公司.
3. Elizabeth Royer and C-K Toh, "A Review of Current Routing Protocols for Ad-Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks" ,IEEE , pp.46-55, April 1999.
4. Elizabeth M. Royer and Charles E. Perkins, "Multicast Operation of the Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol" ,Proceedings of MobiCom '99, Seattle, WA, pp. 207-218, August 1999.
5. Prasun Sinha, Raghupathy Sivakumar, and Vaduvur Bharghavan, "MCEDAR: Multicast Core Extraction Distributed Ad-Hoc Routing," Proceedings of the Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, New Orleans, LA, USA, pp. 1313-1317, September 21-24, 1999.
6. Vijay Devarapalli and Deepinder Sidhu, " MZR: A Multicast Protocol for Motbile Ad Hoc Networks ", IEEE, pp.886-891, 2001.
7. K. Chen and K. Nahrstedt, " Effective Location - Guided Tree Construction
Algorithm for Small Group Multicast in MANET " , IEEE, May, 2002.
8. Sung-Ju Lee, Mario Gerla, and Ching-Chuan Chiang, " On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol", IEEE, pp.1298－1302, 1999.
9. C. C. Chiang, M. Gerla, and L. Zhang,Forwarding, " Group Multicast Protocol (FGMP) for Multihop, Mobile Wireless Networks ", Cluster Computing, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 187–196, 1998.
10. J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves and E. L. Madruga, “The core-assisted mesh protocol,”IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 17, No. 8, pp.1380-1394, Aug. 1998.
11. Subir Kumar Das , B. S. B. S. Manoj and C. Siva Ram Murthy, " A Dynamic Core Based Multicast Routing Protocol for Ad hoc Wireless Networks ", ACM, MobiHoc ,June 2002 .
12. Lusheng Ji and M. Scott Corson, "Differential Destination Multicast–A MANET Multicast Routing Protocol for Small Groups ", IEEE, pp.1192－1201, 2001.
13. Ki-Il Kim and Sang-Ha Kim, " A Novel Overlay Multicast Protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: Design and Evaluation ",IEEE , vol. 54, no. 6, November ,2005.
14. Chao Gui and Prasant Mohapatra, " Efficient Overlay Multicast for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ",IEEE ,March 2003.
15. Oliver Stanze and Martina Zitterbart, "On-Demand Overlay Multicast in Mobile Ad hoc Networks", IEEE, pp.2155－2161,2005.
16. Chaung-Kai Chen, Kuochen Wang, and Lung-Sheng ee ,"A Hybrid Overlay Multicast Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ", International Conference on Wireless Networks, Communications and Mobile Computing, pp.784-789, 2005.
17. Jayanta Biswas , Mukti Barai , and S. K. Nandy, "Efficient Hybrid Multicast Routing Protocol for Ad-Hoc Wireless Networks", Proceedings of the 29th Annual IEEE, International Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN’04), 2004.
18. Bommaiah, McAulcy, Talpade and Liu, " AMRoute:Ad-hoc Multicast Routing protocol ",draft-talpade-manet-amroute-00.txt, August ,1998.
19. Chien-Chung Shen, Chien-Chung Shen, "Ad Hoc Multicast Routing Algorithm with Swarm Intelligence ", Springer Science + Business Media Mobile Networks and Applications 10, pp.47–59,2005.
20. Chun-Chieh Huang , Ruay-Shiung Chang, and Ming-Huang Guo , "Weight-Based Clustering Multicast Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ",IEEE, 2003.
21. Yao Zhao, Leiming Xu and Meilin Shi, "On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol with Multipoint Relay (ODMRP-MPR) in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network", Proceedings of ICCT2003, vol. 2, pp.1295-1300, Apr. 2003.
22. Xiaofeng Zhang and Lillykutty Jacob, " MZRP：An Extension of the Zone Routing Protocol ",JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 20, pp. 535-551, 2004.
23. Network Simulator (ns), version 2. http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns.