參考文獻
AAIDD. (2010). Intellectual disability: Definition, classification, and systems of supports. (Eleventh edition). Washington DC: American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD).
APA. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders IV-TR. (Fourth edition, text revision.). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association (APA).
Ascher-Svanum, H., Zhu, B., Faries, D. E., Furiak, N. M., & Montogomery, W. (2009). Medication adherence levels and differential use of mental-health services in the treatment of schizophrenia. BMC Research Notes, 2, 1-6.
Blackburn, C. M., Spencer, N. J., & Read, J. M. (2010). Prevalence of childhood disability and the characteristics and circumstances of disabled children in the UK: Secondary analysis of the family resources survey. BMC Pediatric, 10, 21-33.
Buck, C. J. (2003). 2001 ICD-9-CM. Singapore: W. B. Saunders.
Chaplin, R., Barley, M., Cooper, S. J., Kusel, Y., McKendrick, J., Stephenson, D., Obuaya, T., Stockton-Henderson, J., O’Brien, L. S., & Burns, T. (2006). The impact of intellectual functioning on symptoms and service use in schizophrenia. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 50, 288-294.
Carney, C. P., Jones, L., & Woolson, R. F. (2006). Medical comorbidity in women and men with schizophrenia: A population-based controlled study. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21, 1133-1137.
Cherry, K. E., Penn, D., Matson, J. L., & Bamburg, J. W. (2000). Characteristics of schizophrenia among persons with severe or profound mental retardation. Psychiatric Services, 51, 922-924.
Chwastiak, L. A., Rosenheck, R. A., & Kazis, L. E. (2008). Utilization of primary care by veterans with psychiatric illness in the national department of veterans affairs health care system. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 23, 1835-1840.
Chwastiak, L. A., Rosenheck, R. A., McEvoy, J. P., Stroup, S., Swartz, M. S., Davis, S. M., & Lieberman, J. A. (2009). The impact of obesity on health care costs among persons with schizophrenia. General Hospital Psychiatry, 31, 1-7.
Conley, R., Ascher-Svanum, H., Zhu, B., Faries, D., & Kinon, B. J. (2007). The burden of depressive symptoms in the long-term treatment of patients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 90, 186-197.
Copeland, L. A., Zeber, J. E., Wang, C. P., Parchman, M. L., Lawrence, V. A., Valenstein, M., & Miller, A. L. (2009). Patterns of primary care and mortality among patients with schizophrenia or diabetes: A cluster analysis approach to the retrospective study of healthcare utilization. BMC Health Services Research, 9, 1-11.
de Pedro-Cuesta, J., Comín Comín, M., Virués-Ortega, J., Almazán Isla, J., Avellanal, F., Alcalde Cabero, E., Burzaco, O., Castellote, J. M., Cieza, A., Damián, J., Forjaz, M. J., Frades, B., Franco, E., Larrosa, L. A., Magallón, R., Martín García, G., Martínez, C., Martínez Martín, P., Pastor-Barriuso, R., Peña Jiménez, A., Población Martínez, A., Reed, G., & Ruíz, C. (2010). ICF-based disability survey in a rural population of adults and older adults living in Cinco Villas, Northeastern Spain: Design, methods and population characteristics. Neuroepidemiology, 35, 72-82.
Doody, G. A., Thomson, L. D. G., Miller, P., & Johnstone, E. C. (2000). Predictors of admission to a high-security hospital of people with intellectual disability with and without schizophrenia. Journal of
Intellectual Disability Research, 44, 130-137.
Druss, B. G., Rosenheck, R. A., Desai, M. M., & Perlin, J. B. (2002). Quality of preventive medical care for patients with mental disorders. Medical Care, 40, 129-136.
Fischer, E. P., McSweeney, J. C., Pyne, J. M., Williams, D. K., Naylor, A. J., Blow, F. C., & Owen, R. R. (2008). Influence of family involvement and substance use on sustained utilization of services for schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 59, 902-909.
Folsom, D. P., McCahill, M., Bartels, S. J., Lindamer, L. A., Ganiats, T. G., & Jeste, D. V. (2002). Medical comorbidity and receipt of medical care by older homeless people with schizophrenia or depression. Psychiatric Services, 53, 1456-1460.
Freeman, E., Presley-Cantrell, L., Edwards, V. J., White-Cooper, S., Thompson, K. S., Sturgis, S., & Croft, J. B. (2010). Garnering partnerships to bridge gaps among mental health, health care, and public health. Preventing Chronic Disease, 7, 1-6.
Furiak, N. M., Ascher-Svanum, H., Klein, R. W., Smolen, L. J., Lawson, A. H., Conley, R. R., & Culler, S. D. (2009). Cost-effectiveness model comparing olanzapine and other oral atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia in the United States. BMC Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation, 7, 1-22.
Gastala, F. L., Andreolib, S. B., Quintanab, M. I. S., Gameiroa, M. A., Leitea,
S. O., & McGrathc, J. (2000). Predicting the revolving door phenomenon
among patients with schizophrenic, affective disorders and non-organic
psychoses. Revista de Saúde Pública, 34, 280-285.
Gilmer, T. P., Dolder, C. R., Lacro, J. P., Folsom, D. P., Lindamer, L., Garcia, P., & Jeste, D.V. (2004). Adherence to treatment with antipsychotic medication and health care costs among medicaid beneficiaries with schizophrenia. American Jouranl of Psychiatry, 161, 692-699.
Goldman, D. P., Joyce, G. F., & Zheng, Y. (2007). Prescription drug cost sharing: Associations with medication and medical utilization and spending and health. Journal of the American Medical Association, 298, 61-69.
Greenberg, J. S., & Seltzer, M. M. (2004). The effect of quality of the relationship between mothers and adult children with schizophrenia, autism, or down syndrome on maternal well-being: The mediating role of optimism. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 74, 14-25.
Himelhoch, S., Leith, J., Goldberg, R., Kreyenbuhl, J., Medoff, D., & Dixon, L. (2009). Care and management of cardiovascular risk factors among individuals with schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes who smoke. General Hospital Psychiatry, 31, 30-32.
Jin, H., Meyer, J. H., & Jeste, D. V. (2004). Atypical antipsychotics and glucose dysregulation: A systematic review. Schizophrenia Research, 71, 195-212.
Johnstone, E. C., Owens, D. G. C., Hoare, P., Gaur, S., Spencer, M. D., Harris, J., Stanfield, A., Moffat, V., Brearley, N., Miller, P., Lawrie, S. M., & Muir, W. J. (2007). Schizotypal cognitions as a predictor of psychopathology in adolescents with mild intellectual impairment. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 191, 484-492.
Kerr, A. M., McCulloch, D., Oliver, K., McLean, B., Coleman, E., Law, T., Beaton, P., Wallace, S., Newell, E., Eccles, T., & Prescott, R. J. (2003). Medical needs of people with intellectual disability require regular reassessment, and the provision of client- and care-held reports. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 47, 134-145.
Kreyenbuhl, J., Dickerson, F. B., Medoff, D. R., Brown, C. H., Glodberg, R. W., Fang, L., Wohlheiter, K., Mittal, L. P., & Dixon, L. B. (2006). Extent and management of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes and serious mental illness. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 194, 404-410.
Lin, J. D. (2003). Intellectual disability: Definition, diagnosis and classification. Journal of Medical Sciences, 23, 83-89.
Lin, J. D., Lee, P. N., Yen, C. F., & Wu, J. L. (2003). The health status profile of persons with intellectual disability in institutions in Taiwan. Journal of Medical Sciences, 23, 285-290.
Lin, J. D, Lin, P. Y., Lin, L. P., Chang, Y. Y., Wu, S. R., & Wu, J. L. (2010). Physical activity and its determinants among adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 31, 263-269.
Lin, J. D., Lin, P. Y., Lin, L. P., Hsu, S. W., Yen, C. F., Fang, W. H., Wu, S. R., Chien, W. C., Loh, C. H., & Chu, C. (2009). Serum uric acid, hyperuricemia and body mass index in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 30, 1481-1489.
Lin, J. D., Yen, C. F., Li, C. W., & Wu, J. L. (2005). Health, healthcare utilization and psychiatric disorder in people with intellectual disability in Taiwan. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49, 86-94.
Lindner, L. M., Marasciulo, A. C., Farias, M. R., & Grohs, G. E. M. (2009). Economic evaluation of antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia treatment within the Brazilian Healthcare System. Revista de Saúde Pública, 43, 1-7.
Lunsky, Y., Bradley, E., Durbin, J., Koegl, C., Canrinus, M., & Goering, P. (2006). The clinical profile and service needs of hospitalized adults with mental retardation and a psychiatric diagnosis. Psychiatric Services, 57, 77-83.
Matson, J. L., & Mahan, S. (2010). Antipsychotic drug side effects for persons with intellectual disability. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 31, 1570-1576.
Matson, J. L., Terlonge, C., González, M. L., & Rivet, T. (2006). An evaluation of social and adaptive skills in adults with bipolar disorder and severe/profound intellectual disability. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 27, 681-687.
Miller, L. S., & Martin, B. C. (2004). Current and future forecasts of service use and expenditures of Medicaid-eligible schizophrenia patients in the state of Georgia. Schizophria Bulletin, 30, 983-995.
Morgan, V. A., Leonard, H., Bourke, J., & Jablensky, A. (2008). Intellectual disability co-occurring with schizophrenia and other psychiatric illness: Population-based study. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 193, 364-372.
Msall, M. E., Avery, R. C., Tremont, M. R., Lima, J. C., Rogers, M. L., & Hogan, D. P. (2003). Functional disability and school activity limitations in 41,300 school-age children: Relationship to medical impairments. Pediatrics, 111, 548-553.
Myrbakk, E., & von Tezchner, S. (2008). Psychiatric disorders and behavior
problems in people with intellectual disability. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 29, 316-332.
Nasrallah, H. A., Meyer, J. M., Goff, D. C., McEvoy, J. P., Davis, S. M., Stroup, T. S., & Lieberman, J. A. (2006). Low rates of treatment for hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes in schizophrenia: Data from the CATIE schizophrenia trial sample at baseline. Schizophrenia Research, 86, 15-22.
Owen, M. J., O’Donovan, M. C., Thapar, A., & Craddock, N. (2011). Neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia. The British Journal of
Psychiatry, 198, 173-175.
Patel, N. C., Dorson, P. G., Edwards, N., Mendelson, S., & Crismon, M. L. (2002). One-year rehospitalization rates of patients discharged on atypical versus conventional antipsychotics. Psychiatric Services, 53, 891-893.
Patel, A., Everitt, B., Knapp, M., Reeder, C., Grant, D., Ecker, C., & Wykes, T. (2006). Schizophrenia patients with cognitive deficits: Factors associated with costs. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 32, 776-785.
Raitasuo, S., Taiminen, T., & Salokangas, R. K. (1999). Characteristics of people with intellectual disability admitted for psychiatric inpatient treatment. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 43, 112-118.
Reber, M. (1992). Dual diagnosis: Psychiatric disorders and mental
retardation. (Third edition). In Batshaw, M. L., & Perrett, Y. M., Children with disabilities-a medical primer. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
Roberts, L., Roalfe, A., Wilson, S., & Lester, H. (2007). Physical health care of patients with schizophrenia in primary care: A comparative study. Family Practice, 24, 34-40.
Swartz, M. S., Swanson, J. W., Hannon, M. J., Bosworth, H. S., Osher, F. C., Essock, S. M., & Rosenberg, S. D. (2003). Regular sources of medical care among persons with severe mental illness at risk of hepatitis C infection. Psychiatric Services, 54, 854-859.
Tzeng, D. S., Lian, L. C., Chang, C. U., Yang, C. Y., Lee, G. T., Pan, P., & Lung, F. W. (2007). Healthcare in schizophrenia: Effectiveness and progress of a redesigned care network. BMC Health Services Research, 7, 1-9.
Uliano, D., Falciglia, G., Del Viscio, C., Picelli, A., Gandolfi, M., & Passarella,
A. (2010). Augmentative and alternative communication in adolescents with severe intellectual disability: A clinical experience. European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 46, 147-152.
Wong, C., Davidson, L., Anglin, D., Link, B., Gerson, R., Malaspina, D., McGlashan, T., & Corcoran, C. (2009). Stigma in families of individuals in early stages of psychotic illness: Family stigma and early psychosis. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 3, 108-115.
Wullink, M., Veldhuijzen, W., van Schrojenstein Lantman-de Valk, H. M. J., Metsemakers, J. F. M., & Dinant, G. J. (2009). Doctor-patient communication with people with intellectual disability--a qualitative study. BMC Family Practice, 10,1-10.
Yanos, P. T., Lu, W., Minsky, S., & Kiely, G. L. (2004). Correlates of health insurance among persons with schizophrenia in a statewide behavioral health care system. Psychiatric Services, 55, 79-82.
Yen, C. F., & Lin, J. D. (2010). Factors for healthy food or less-healthy food
intake among Taiwanese adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 31, 203-211.
Yen, C. F., Loh, C. H., & Lin, J. D. (2009). Prevention of mental health problems in people with intellectual disability. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 22, 447-451.
內政部統計處（2011）。99年底領有身心障礙手冊者人數統計。2011年2月12日，取自：http://www.moi.gov.tw/files/news_file/week10007.doc。
行政院主計處（2011）。衛生統計─醫事機構及醫事人員統計。2011年3月31日，取自：http://ebas1.ebas.gov.tw/pxweb/Dialog/statfile9L.asp。
孔繁鐘（2000）。精神疾病的診斷與統計。台北市：合記出版社。
吳思霈、吳肖琪（2010）。失智症老人使用典型／非典型抗精神病藥物及其相關因素。台灣公共衛生雜誌，29，108-117。
李靜玟、吳肖琪（2005）。市場競爭及其他因素對精神科急性住院病患醫療利用之影響。台灣公共衛生雜誌，24，296-305。林金定（2004）。智能障礙科學研究與發展─趨勢與展望。身心障礙研究，2，126-133。林金定、嚴嘉楓、李志偉、吳佳玲（2003）。智能障礙者醫療需求評估與就醫障礙之分析。台灣公共衛生雜誌，22，108-117。林維娟、張鴻仁、王本仁、周穎政、李丞華（2004）。影響住院病患跨區利用之因素。台灣公共衛生雜誌，23，453-461。陸雪芬、洪成志、汪文聖、許樹珍（2010）。精神分裂症病患與家庭成員面臨疾病遺傳不確定情境之生活經驗探討。護理雜誌，57，55-63。陳秋瑩、許世寬、陳潮灶、賴俊雄（1996）。門診精神病患主要照顧者的需
求與社會支持之研究。中華衛誌，15，153-161。
葉玲玲、藍忠孚、鄭若瑟（2003）。台灣精神分裂症患者精神醫療利用與費用之分析探討。台灣公共衛生雜誌，22，194-203。蔡艷清、嚴嘉楓、林金定（2004）。精神疾病與智能障礙：流行病學與醫療照護需求分析。身心障礙研究，2，95-108。鄭靜明（2004）。臺灣地區精神科憂鬱症醫療利用分析。國立陽明大學醫務管理研究所碩士論文，台北市。
蕭淑貞、李依玲、康云瑄、鄭進興、張凱雁（2008）。社區與醫院間聯盟以提供精神病患持續性護理之初探。精神衛生護理雜誌，3，1-8。嚴嘉楓、林金定（2009）。智能障礙青少年健康情形與醫療利用及其相關因素之研究。身心障礙研究，7，94-120。嚴嘉楓、羅慶徽、林金定、陳美花、吳佳玲、李宗楠、馮世祥（2004）。健康需求評估應用於身心障礙福利機構健康促進計畫初探。身心障礙研究，2，214-228。