臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究之目的在於通過孤挺花鱗莖、植株性狀及開花表現之測量與統計，比較品種間各性狀的差異，同時了解以及分析鱗莖大小與開花表現、植株性狀之間的相關性。
本實驗兩年度使用‘Red Charm ’、‘Lady Jane’和‘Apple Blossom ’三品種之種球，第一年三品種開花表現的具體差異如下，花莖抽出至始花日期以‘Lady Jane’最長有34.5日，‘Apple Blossom ’最短只有23.4日。開花期間以‘Apple Blossom’ 平均有8.3天最長；‘Red Charm’7.8天；‘Lady Jane’ 平均7.5天。小花直徑以‘Lady Jane’的小花直徑最大，平均18.8公分；‘Apple Blossom’ 18.1公分次之；‘Red Charm’最小，平均14.3公分。花莖數‘Red Charm’及‘Lady Jane’兩品種平均有1.6枝，而‘Apple Blossom ’平均只有1.2枝。小花數‘Red Charm’平均4.2朵，‘Apple Blossom ’3.9朵，‘Lady Jane’3.5朵。花莖長度以‘Apple Blossom ’的花莖最長，平均達44.6公分；‘Red Charm’次之，平均34.8公分；‘Lady Jane’最短，平均34.3公分。花莖直徑三品種差異非常小，平均在22.8mm到23.5mm之間。雌、雄蕊‘Apple Blossom ’有六枚雄蕊及一花柱，‘Lady Jane’及‘Red Charm’其雌蕊退化導致雄蕊、花藥呈不規則狀，有的有花絲，有的花藥直接附生在花被上。葉片表現及根重兩者的表現都以‘Apple Blossom ’的平均值最高，顯現最強的生長勢。
第二年三品種開花表現的具體差異如下：開花期間‘Red Charm’6.8天；‘Lady Jane’7.5天；‘Apple Blossom ’7.1天。小花直徑‘Red Charm’16.6公分；‘Lady Jane’21.1公分；‘Apple Blossom ’19.3公分。小花數‘Red Charm’3.6朵；‘Lady Jane’2.5朵；‘Apple Blossom ’3.5朵。花莖數‘Red Charm’1.3枝；‘Lady Jane’1.2枝；‘Apple Blossom ’1.1枝。花莖長‘Red Charm’52.6公分；‘Lady Jane’48.7公分；‘Apple Blossom ’55.8公分。
兩年度三品種間開花表現之比較，第二年的開花期間‘Red Charm’及‘Apple Blossom’都比第一年短；而‘Lady Jane’的開花期間兩年是類似的。三品種第二年的平均小花直徑及花莖長都比第一年的大，小花數及花莖數都比第一年少。
有關鱗莖大小、植株性狀與開花表現之間的相關性分析，結果顯示種植前、開花後三品種的鱗莖周徑及鮮重經ANOVA變方分析並無顯著差異，鱗莖周徑及鮮重愈大，其開花表現的花莖數、小花數、花莖直徑以及葉數、葉重都愈大，且也有愈早抽出花芽提早開花的現象；但鱗莖大小與出花芽至始花日期、小花直徑、花莖長及開花期間的長短沒有顯著的相關。開花後鱗莖周徑及鮮重都比種植前來得小。花莖抽出至始花日的時間愈長，則花莖長度愈短、開花期間也愈短。葉片表現的葉長、葉寬、葉厚、葉鮮重愈大，則開花期間越長同時小花直徑、花莖長及花莖直徑也愈大，葉數愈多小花數也愈多；但花莖數卻不一定比較多。

The objective of this study was by passing through measurement and statistical analysis of bulb and plant characters as well as flowering performance of Amaryllis, to understand the correlation between bulb size, flowering performance and plant character, meanwhile to make a comparison on their plant characteristical differences among varieties.
Bulbs of Amaryllis varieties ‘Red Charm’, ‘Lady Jane’ and ‘Apple Blossom’ were used as experimental materials for two years studies. Practical differences in flowering performance among three varieties of Amaryllis in the first year experiment showed: Days from floral bud protrusion to flower initiation showed tremendous difference existed among varieties, moreover, significantly negative correlation was found between it and flowering period duration and scape length. ’Lady Jane’ with 34.5 days was the longest, ’Apple Blossom’ with 23.4 days was the shortest. The mean value of flowering period duration for ‘Apple Blossom’ was 8.3 days, it was the longest, ‘Red Charm was 7.8 days’ and ’Lady Jane’ was 7.5 days. The mean value of flower diameter of ‘Lady Jane’ with 18.8 cm was the widest, ‘Apple Blossom’ with 18.1 cm came to the second, while ’Red Charm’ with 14.3 cm was the smallest. The mean values of scape number for ‘Red Charm’ and ‘Lady Jane’ were 1.6 scapes, while ‘Apple Blossom’ was only 1.2 scapes. The mean value of flower number per scape for ’Red Charm’ was 4.2, ’Apple Blossom’ was 3.9 and ‘Lady Jane’ was 3.5 flowers. The mean value of scape length for ‘Apple Blossom’ was 44.6 cm the longest. ‘Red Charm’ was 34.8 cm the second, while ‘Lady Jane’ was 34.3 cm the shortest. The mean value of scape diameter had very little difference among three varieties and was cramped between 22.8 to 23.5 mm. The morphological variation of gynoecium and androecium showed that ‘Apple Blossom’ had six pieces of androecium and one style, while ‘Lady Jane’ and ‘Red Charm’ had irregular shapes of androecium and anther, due to gynoecium degeneration; therefore, some had filaments, the other had anthers attached to perianthium directly. The mean values of leaf performance and root weight showed that ‘Apple Blossom’ was the highest, indicating its strongest growth vigor.
Practical differences in flowering performance among three varieties of Amaryllis in the second year experiment showed: The flowering period durations of ‘Red Charm’、‘Lady Jane’ and ‘Apple Blossom’ were 6.8、7.5 and 7.1 days, respectively. The flower diameters of ‘Red Charm’、‘Lady Jane’ and ‘Apple Blossom’ were 16.6、21.1 and 19.3 cm, respectively. The number of flowers per scape of ‘Red Charm’、‘Lady Jane’ and ‘Apple Blossom’ were 3.6、2.5 and 3.5, respectively. The number of scape per bulb of ‘Red Charm’、‘Lady Jane’ and ‘Apple Blossom’ were 1.3、1.2 and 1.1, respectively. The scape length of ‘Red Charm’、‘Lady Jane’ and ‘Apple Blossom’ were 52.6、48.7 and 55.8 cm, respectively.
Comparisons on flowering performances among three varieties in 2010 and 2011 both years showed: The flowering period durations of ‘Red Charm’ and ‘Apple Blossom’ in the second year experiment were shorter than that of the first year, while ‘Lady Jane’ was similar in both years. The mean values of flower diameter and scape length of three varieties in the second year experiment were larger than that of the first year. The mean values of flower number per scape and scape number per bulb of three varieties in the second year experiment were lesser than that of the first year.
The variance analyses for bulbs circumferences and fresh weights of three varieties before planting and after flowering showed no significant difference. The higher in bulb circumference and fresh weight, the higher in number of scape, number of flower per scape, scape diameter, leaf number and leaf weight, as well as earlier in days to bloom were found; However, no significant correlations were found between bulb size and days from floral bud protrusion to flower initiation、 flower diameter、 scape length as well as flowering period duration. The longer in days from floral bud protrusion to flower initiation, the shorter in scape length and flowering period duration. After flowering the bulb circumference and fresh weight were become smaller than before planting. The higher in leaf length, leaf width、 leaf thickness、 leaf number and leaf fresh weight, the higher in flowering period duration, flower diameter, scape length、 number of flower per scape and scape diameter, but not in more number of scape was found.

目錄(Contents)
摘要(Abstract)……………………………………………...……………………….……………………………… 1
英文摘要(English abstract)……………………………………..…………………………………… 3
壹、前言(Introduction)………………………………………….……………………………………….. 6
貳、前人研究(Literature review)…………………………………………………….………. 8
一、球根花卉的分類……………………………………………………..……………………………... 8
二、植物學分類………………………………………………………………..………………….………… 10
三、植株性狀與生育特性………………………………………………………………..………… 11
四、球根花卉的生長發育和開花………………………………………………..………….. 13
(一)、內在因素…………………………………………………………………………………….. 13
(二)、環境因素…………………………………………………………………………………….. 14
五、栽培條件…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 17
六、病、蟲害…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 18
七、球根的貯藏……………………………………………………………………………………………. 19
八、開花表現的品種特性…………………………………………………………………………… 21
九、本種苗生產研究室研究成果………………………………………..…………………… 24
(一)、形態與生育特性觀察……………………………………………………………… 24
(二)、繁殖法……………………………………………………………………..…………………… 26
(三)、週年開花的研究……………………………………………………………………… 27
(四)、盆花與切花生產的相關研究…………….………………………………… 27
(五)、球根貯藏……………………..……………………………………………………………… 29
(六)、雜交育種方法…………………………………………………………………………… 29
(七)、植物性狀相關性之研究………………………………………………………… 29
參、材料與方法(Materials and methods)…………………………………………… 30
一、植物材料………………………………………………………………………………..………………… 30
二、其他材料………………………………………………………………………………………………… 30
三、試驗環境………………………………………………………………………………………………… 31
四、試驗方法………………………………………………………………………………………………… 31
(一)、第一年度孤挺花植株性狀調查及開花表現之比較……… 31
(二)、第二年度孤挺花植株性狀調查及開花表現之比較……… 32
五、試驗設計與統計分析…………………………………………………………………………… 33
(一)、第一年度孤挺花植株性狀調查及開花表現之比較……… 33
(二)、第二年度孤挺花植株性狀調查及開花表現之比較……… 33
六、試驗調查項目說明…………………………………………………………………..…………… 33
肆、結果(Results)……………………………………………………………………………….…………….… 36
一、第一年度孤挺花植株性狀調查及開花表現之比較…………………… 36
(一)、品種間植株性狀之比較………………………………………………………… 36
(二)、品種間開花表現之比較………………………………………………………… 37
(三)、性狀之間的相關性分析………………………………………………………… 39
二、第二年度孤挺花植株性狀與開花表現之比較…………………………… 43
(一)、品種間植株性狀之比較………………………………………………………… 43
(二)、品種間開花表現之比較………………………………………………………… 44
(三)、性狀之間的相關性分析………………………………………………………… 46
三、不同年度營養器官生長表現與開花表現之比較……………………… 49
(一)、兩年度營養器官生長表現之比較……………………………………… 49
(二)、兩年度開花表現之比較………………………………………………………… 50
(三)、兩年度三品種間開花表現之比較……………………………………… 51
伍、討論(Discussion)…………………….…………………………………………………………..……… 53
種植前、開花後與鱗莖大小之間的關係……………………………………………… 53
鱗莖大小與開花表現之間的關係………………………………………………..…...……… 53
氣溫與開花期間之間的關係………………………………………………………….………….. 55
葉片的表現及根系之間的關係………………………………………………………………… 55
小花數與品種………………………………………………………………………………………….……… 56
雌、雄蕊成熟的變化觀察…………………………………………………….……………….…… 56
營養器官生長表現與開花表現的關係…………………..……………………….……… 57
不同年度三品種開花表現之差異…………………………………………………………… 57
不同年度花期之探討…………………………………………………………………………………… 58
兩年度三品種間開花表現之比較…………………………………………………….……… 58
陸、結論(Conclusion)……………………………………………………………………………………… 60
柒、圖列(Figure list)………………………………………………………………………………………… 61
捌、表列(Table list)………………………………………………………………….……………………….
82
玖、引用文獻(Reference)……………………………………………..…………………………….….
105
拾、附錄(Appendix)……………………………………………………………………………………….….
107
附錄1：試驗期間宜蘭地區平均溫度……………………………………………………… 107
附錄2：試驗期間宜蘭地區降雨量………………………………………………….……… 108

圖列(Figure list)

圖1. 孤挺花‘Lady Jane’的花朵開放過程(由A至H)……………………..……… 61
Fig. 1. The process of the flower of Amaryllis ‘Lady Jane’ in blossom(from A to H)……………………………………………………………………………………………… 61
圖2. 本實驗所使用之孤挺花品種：(A)蘋果花 (B)珍女士 (C)紅色魅力……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
62
Fig. 2. Varieties of Amaryllis utilized in this experiment : (A)Apple Blossom (B)Lady Jane (C)Red Charm………………………………………………………………… 62
圖3. 本實驗鱗莖種植前處理過程：(A)去葉晾乾 (B)冷藏7℃ (C)修根 (D)植入盆中……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 63
Fig. 3. Process for the preparatory treatment of bulbs before planting
(A) Cutting leaves for air dry (B) Cold storage in 7℃ (C) Trimming roots (D) Planting in pot…………………………………………………………………………………………... 63
圖4. 本實驗使用之品種：(A)珍女士(B)蘋果花(C)紅色魅力凋萎判定…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 64
Fig. 4. Wilting judgement for the varieties of Amaryllis utilized in this experiment: (A)Lady Jane (B)Apple Blossom (C)Red Charm……………………… 64
圖5. 孤挺花‘Apple Blossom’不同周徑鱗莖的開花表現(鱗莖周徑 A：30-28cm, B：28-26cm, C：26-24cm, D：24-22cm, E：22-20cm)…… 65
Fig. 5. Flowering performances of Amaryllis ‘Apple Blossom’ with different bulb circumferences (bulb circumferences A：30-28cm, B：28-26cm, C：26-24cm, D：24-22cm, E：22-20cm)……………………………………… 65
圖6. 孤挺花左右對稱的聚繖形花序-最常見的4朵小花………………..…………… 66
Fig. 6. The cyme inflorescence of Amaryllis was mostly common with four flowers in symmetrical position……………………………………………………………………. 66
圖7. 孤挺花聚繖形花序的左右對稱：(A)蘋果花 (B)珍女士 (C)紅色魅力…………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………. 67
Fig. 7. The cyme inflorescence of Amaryllis has flowers in symmetrical position (A) ‘Apple Blossom’ (B) ‘Lady Jane’ (C) ‘Red Charm’…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 67
圖8. 孤挺花‘Apple Blossom’的奇數小花數：(A)單朵(B)3朵(C)5朵 68
Fig. 8. The Amaryllis ’Apple Blossom’ flowers in odd numbers.………………… 68
圖9. 孤挺花‘Apple Blossom’單枝花莖陸續開放……………………..…………….. 69
Fig. 9. Flowers of Amaryllis ‘Apple Blossom’ on a single scape were bloomed one after the other in succession…………………………………...………………………. 69
圖10. 孤挺花‘Apple Blossom’的雌、雄蕊變化(由A至G)…………………… 70
Fig. 10. Morphological changes of the growths of gynoecium and androecium in Amaryllis ’Apple Blossom’ (from A to G)…………………….…...…... 70
圖11. 孤挺花‘Lady Jane’的雄、雌蕊呈不規則狀…………………………………… 71
Fig. 11. The irregular shapes of gynoecium and androecium in Amaryllis ‘Lady Jane’…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 71
圖12. 孤挺花‘Red Charm’的雄、雌蕊呈不規則狀………………………………… 72
Fig. 12. The irregular shapes of gynoecium and androecium in Amaryllis ‘Red Charm’………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 72
圖13：孤挺花三品種(RC/LJ/AB/平均)種植前/開花後鱗莖周徑…………….. 73
Fig. 13. The bulb circumferences of three varieties of Amaryllis (RC/LJ/AB/average) before planting and after flowering………………………..……… 73
圖14：孤挺花三品種(RC/LJ/AB/平均)種植前/開花後鱗莖鮮重…………….. 74
Fig. 14. The bulb fresh weights of three varieties of Amaryllis (RC/LJ/AB/average) before planting and after flowering………………………..……… 74
圖15：孤挺花三品種(RC/LJ/AB/平均)出花芽至始花日數……………………….. 75
Fig. 15. Days from floral bud protrusion to flower initiation of three varieties of Amaryllis (RC/LJ/AB/average)…………………………………………………...…… 75
圖16：孤挺花三品種(RC/LJ/AB/平均)開花期間日數………………………………… 76
Fig. 16. Flowering period duration of three varieties of Amaryllis (RC/LJ/AB/average)………………………………………………………………………………….………………. 76
圖17：孤挺花三品種(RC/LJ/AB/平均)小花直徑………………………………………….. 77
Fig. 17. Flower diameters of three varieties of Amaryllis (RC/LJ/AB/average)…………………………………………………………………………………………..……… 77
圖18：孤挺花三品種(RC/LJ/AB/平均)小花數/花莖數………………………………… 78
Fig. 18. Numbers of flower and scape of three varieties of Amaryllis (RC/LJ/AB/average)………………………………………………….……………………………………………… 78
圖19：孤挺花三品種(RC/LJ/AB/平均)花莖長/花莖直徑…………………………... 79
Fig. 19. Scape length and diameter of three varieties of Amaryllis (RC/LJ/AB/average)…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 79
圖20：孤挺花三品種(RC/LJ/AB/平均)葉數/葉長/葉寬/葉厚…………………… 80
Fig. 20. Leaf number, leaf length, leaf width and leaf thickness of three varieties of Amaryllis (RC/LJ/AB/average)……………………………………………………….. 80
圖21：孤挺花三品種(RC/LJ/AB/平均)葉重/根重………………………………………… 81
Fig. 21. Leaf and root weights of three varieties of Amaryllis (RC/LJ/AB/average)……………………………………………………………………………………..…………… 81

表列(Table list)

表1. 第一年度(99年)孤挺花鱗莖周徑及鮮重量測結果……………………………... 82
Table1. Bulb circumferences and fresh weights of Amaryllis in the first year (2010) measurement…………………………………………………………………………..…………….. 82
表2. 第一年度孤挺花開花表現量測結果………………………………………………………... 83
Table 2. Flowering performance of Amaryllis in the first year (2010) measurement………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………… 83
表3. 第一年度孤挺花營養生長性狀量測結果………………………………………………. 84
Table 3. Vegetative growth characters of Amaryllis in the first year (2010) measurement……………………………………………………………………….…………………………. 84
表4. 第一年度孤挺花鱗莖周徑及鮮重ANOVA變方分析………………………… 85
Table 4. Variance analyses for bulb circumference and fresh weight of Amaryllis in the first year (2010) measurement………………………………………………… 85
表5. 第一年度孤挺花開花表現ANOVA變方分析…………………………………..….. 86
Table 5. Variance analysis for flowering performance of Amaryllis in the first year (2010) measurement……………………………………………………………………...………… 86
表6. 第一年度孤挺花營養生長性狀ANOVA變方分析…………………………… 87
Table 6. Variance analyses for vegetative growth characters in the first year (2010) measurement………………………………………………………………...………………………. 87
表7. 第一年度孤挺花‘Red Charm’各性狀相關表………………………………... 88
Table 7. Correlation analyses between plant characters and flowering performance of Amaryllis ‘Red Charm’ in the 1st year measurement……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 88
表8. 第一年度孤挺花 ‘Lady Jane’ 各性狀相關表……………………………... 89
Table 8. Correlation analyses between plant characters and flowering performance of Amaryllis ‘Lady Jane’ in the 1st year measurement……………………………………………………………………………………………………….………. 89
表9. 第一年度孤挺花 ‘Apple Blossom’ 各性狀相關表………………...…… 90
Table 9. Correlation analyses between plant characters and flowering performance of Amaryllis ‘Apple Blossom’ in the 1st year measurement………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
90
表10. 第一年度孤挺花三品種各性狀相關表………………………………………………… 91
Table10. Correlation analyses between plant characters and flowering performance of three varieties of Amaryllis in the 1st year measurement……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 91
表11. 第二年度(100年)孤挺花鱗莖周徑及鮮重量測結果………………………… 92
Table 11. Bulb circumferences and fresh weights of Amaryllis in the second year (2011) measurement………………………………………………………………………...………………………………….…... 92
表12. 第二年度孤挺花開花表現量測結果……………………………………………………... 93
Table 12. Flowering performance of Amaryllis in the second year (2011) measurement…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…… 93
表13. 第二年度孤挺花營養生長性狀量測結果……………………………………………. 94
Table 13. Vegetative growth characters of Amaryllis in the second year (2011) measurement…………………………………………………………………………….…………….……… 94
表14. 第二年度孤挺花鱗莖周徑及鮮重ANOVA變方分析………………………. 95
Table 14. Variance analysis for bulb circumference and fresh weight of Amaryllis in the second year (2011) measurement…………………………………………… 95
表15. 第二年度孤挺花開花表現ANOVA變方分析…………………………………….. 96
Table 15. Variance analysis for flowering performance of Amaryllis in the second year (2011) measurement………………………………………………………………….… 96
表16. 第二年度孤挺花營養生長性狀ANOVA變方分析…………………………… 97
Table 16. Variance analysis for vegetative growth characters in the second year (2011) measurement………………………………………………………………...………… 97
表17. 兩年度孤挺花鱗莖周徑及鮮重ANOVA變方分析…………………………… 98
Table 17. Variance analysis for bulb circumferences and fresh weight of Amaryllis in 2010 and 2011 both years…………………………………………………………..…… 98
表18. 兩年度孤挺花開花表現ANOVA變方分析…………………………………………. 99
Table 18. Variance analyses for flowering performances of Amaryllis in 2010 and 2011 both years……………………………………………………………………………………./…. 99
表19. 兩年度孤挺花營養生長性狀ANOVA變方分析……………………………….. 100
Table 19. Variance analyses for vegetative growth characters in 2010 and 2011 both years………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 100
表20. 第二年度孤挺花‘Red Charm’各性狀相關表……………………………... 101
Table 20. Correlation analyses between plant characters and flowering performance of Amaryllis ‘Red Charm’ in the 2nd year measurement……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 101
表21. 第二年度孤挺花 ‘Lady Jane’ 各性狀相關表……………………… …… 102
Table 21. Correlation analyses between plant characters and flowering performance of Amaryllis‘Lady Jane’ in the 2nd year measurement……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 102
表22. 第二年度孤挺花 ‘Apple Blossom’ 各性狀相關表……………… …. 103
Table 22. Correlation analyses between plant characters and flowering performance of Amaryllis‘Apple Blossom’ in the 2nd year measurement……………………………………………………………………………………..………………………… 103
表23. 第二年度孤挺花三品種各性狀相關表………………………………………………… 104
Table 23. Correlation analyses between plant characters and flowering performance of three varieties of Amaryllis in the 2nd year measurement……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 104

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