臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

東港溪流域為高屏地區主要河川之一，依據先期研究之污染源分析，東港溪各類廢水污染量分析，生化需氧量(biochemical oxygen demand, BOD)排放量方面，以畜牧廢水最多(66.66%)、生活污水次之(31.30%)、事業廢水居末(2.04%)；氨氮(ammonia nitrogen, NH3-N)排放量方面，以畜牧廢水最多(74.83%)、生活污水次之(25.17%)；懸浮固體(suspended solids, SS)排放量方面，以畜牧廢水最多(70.72%)、生活污水次之(27.40%)、事業廢水居末(1.88%)，因此畜牧廢水為東港溪流域最主要之污染來源。
由於東港溪常年水量充沛穩定，目前港西抽水站為鳳山水庫水源之一，主要提供工業用水，為了舒緩南部地區之缺水問題，本研究主要針對東港溪流域進行河川污染調查、分析及推估，以掌握河川污染之來源及污染量，並以港西抽水站作為水質改善指標測站，以水質模式模擬，進行流域內污染負荷改善措施之成效評估。
本研究以東港溪為主要研究對象，利用The enhanced stream water quality model (QUAL2K)水質模式模擬不同水污染防治方案後之河川水質狀況，以港西抽水站河段可符合乙類水體水質標準作為河川水體水質改善目標，並以BOD、NH3-N及SS三項水質參數之改善作為研擬污染管理策略之目標，再評估模式模擬策略之適用性。模式參數設定值之祛氧係數(deoxygenation rate, K1) (0.2-0.4 day-1)、再曝氣係數 (reaeration coefficient, K2) (0.78-6 day-1)、硝化係數(nitrification rate, Kn) (0.05-0.1day-1)
及底泥耗氧量(sediment oxygen demand, SOD) (0.37-3.2 g O2 m-2 day-1)採用實測數據，而延散係數與SS沉降速率則參考文獻資料南部河川設定範圍值進行率定。依據涵容能力及污染削減量分析結果得知，東港溪流域之SS、BOD與NH3-N流域總削減率至少需達6.7%、53.8%、75.6%才能使港西抽水站以上各河段皆可符合乙類水體水質目標。
本研究模擬結果顯示，削減策略以污水截流措施90%截流後，除NH3-N尚需削減31%，SS與BOD已可達乙類水體水質目標。潔淨養豬以100%之改善效果較佳，BOD及NH3-N總削減率至少需達12%、9%才可達到乙類目標水體水質。综合削減策略以加強管制、污水截流50%和潔淨養豬75%之水質提升較明顯，除NH3-N，BOD與SS皆可達乙類目標水體水質。以飲用水水源水質標準作為改善目標時，加強管制或納入內埔、萬巒和潮州系統，其流域NH3-N總削減率則分別尚需削減6%和12%才能達到目標水體水質。
東港溪流域各支流整體河川水質指數(Water Quality Index, WQI)提升率以潔淨養豬100%較明顯；综合改善策略則以搭配污水截流50%和潔淨養豬75%之提升率較高，其餘措施變化不大。主流測站經污水截流90%或潔淨養豬100%或搭配加強管制、污水截流50%，與潔淨養豬50%，可使五魁橋、興社大橋、港東二號橋及港西抽水站水質由Class IV提升為Class III。本研究結果可用來預測各削減策略對東港溪流域水質之改善成效，亦可提供未來水質管理與污染管制之參考。

The Tungkang River is one of the major rivers in Kaohsiung and Pingtung areas. Previous studies for analysis on various types of wastewater pollution loads in the Tungkang River have indicated that the order of the amount of waste discharge was pasturage (66.66%), municipal (31.30%), and industrial (2.04%) wastewater for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), pasturage (74.83%) and municipal (25.17%) wastewater for ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and pasturage (70.72%), municipal (27.40%), and industrial (1.88%) wastewater for suspended solids (SS), respectively. Therefore, pasturage wastewater had been identified as the major source of pollution in the Tungkang River.
The annual flow of Tungkang River is abundant and stable. Water pumping from the Gangci Pumping Station is one of the water sources of the Fongshan Reservoir for industrial purposes. For smoothing the water shortage problem of southern region, this study mainly aims at the investigation of river pollution to analyze and estimate to master the source and amount of pollution for the Tungkang River. The Gangci Pumping Station was selected as a station index for water quality improvement. The measures for improvement of pollution loading were evaluated by the water quality model.
This study utilizes the enhanced stream water quality (QUAL2K) model as a tool to simulate and forecast the water quality of various pollution control measures and then to develop the management strategies to meet the restoration goals of Class B water quality standards regulated at the Gangci Pumping Station of Tungkang River. The improvement measures to the effects of the parameters of BOD, NH3-N and SS were used to draw up the targets of the strategies of pollution control, and then evaluated the applicability of model simulation. The model parameter values of the deoxygenation rate (K1) of 0.2-0.4 day-1, reaeration coefficient (K2) of 0.78-6 day-1, nitrification rate (Kn) of 0.05-0.1day-1, and sediment oxygen demand (SOD) of 0.37-3.2 g O2 m-2 day-1 were measured in-situ, while the dispersion coefficient and SS sedimentation rates used adopted the values listed in the literatures focused on the southern river of Taiwan. According to the analysis of assimilative capacity and pollution reduction, the reduction ratios of SS, BOD and NH3-N should at least reach to 6.7%, 53.8% and 75.6% respectively to meet the restoration goals of Class B water quality standards regulated for the reaches above the Gangci Pumping Station.
The simulation results indicate that reduction strategies for sewage interception 90%, SS and BOD have reached Class B water quality standards regulated but NH3-N still needs to cut down 31%. The improvement effect of water quality is better for 100% of measures of clean pig farming, the total reduction ratios of BOD and NH3-N at least need to decrease 12% and 9% respectively to achieve Class B water quality standards regulated. The improvement of water quality for integrated reduction strategies of inspection enforcement, sewage interception 50% and clean pig farming 75% was better, BOD and SS could achieve Class B water quality standards regulated except NH3-N. If the water quality standard for source of drinking water was used as a goal, NH3-N should at least cut down 6% and 12% for the reduction strategies of inspection enforcement or construction of sewage systems of Neipu, Wanluan, Chaozhou respectively to meet the restoration goals.
The overall river water quality index (WQI) for the tributaries of the Tungkang River was significantly raised for clean pig farming 100%. The improvement ratios of WQI for integrated reduction strategies of sewage interception 50% and clean pig farming 75% was higher, while other improvement measures had little effect. With reduction strategies of sewage interception 90% or clean pig farming 100% or inspection enforcement, sewage interception 50% and clean pig farming 50%, the water quality of the Wukuei Bridge, Singshe Bridge, Kangtung Bridge and Gangci Pumping Station along the main stream upgraded from Class IV to Class III. The results of this study can be employed to estimate the improvement effects of water quality for various reduction strategies in the Tungkang River and can also provide a reference for water quality management and pollution control in the future.

封面
中文摘要
英文摘要
謝誌
目錄
表目錄
圖目錄
第1章
第2章
第3章
第4章
第5章
參考文獻
作者簡介
附錄

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