臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

Background:
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common worldwide infectious diseases and the single largest cause of death in the world, in fact, since 1993, TB has been declared as "global emergency" by the World Health Organization until now (WHO, 2009). Despite the downward trend in the incidence and prevalence of TB, every continent still reports new cases, especially South-East Asia and Africa (WHO, 2008). About one-third of the world's population is infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis and at risk of developing the disease (WHO, 2009). While the treatment modalities for TB are significantly advancing, the prevalence of TB in Burkina Faso is still high. Literature showed that people with a good knowledge and positive attitude toward TB tended to engage in preventive activities for TB. Since little is known about the knowledge and attitude towards TB in Burkina Faso, it is essential to understand knowledge and attitudes toward TB in the Burkina Faso population.
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to understand the knowledge and attitudes toward TB for people with and without the TB in the Baskuy district, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Methodology:
This cross-sectional study used a convenient sample from Baskuy health district Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Lo and the colleagues’ (2008) Knowledge and Attitudes Questionnaire was used to explore the participants’ knowledge and attitudes toward TB. The data collection was conducted between July and September 2010. A total of 138 participants were recruited, including 69 people with TB and 69 people without TB.
Results:
The average age of the participants was 35.42 years. The average ages of the participants with TB and without TB were respectively 39.00 and 31.84. The average “Knowledge of TB” score was 83.96 (SD= 10.18) and the average “Attitude” score was 65.65 (SD= 5.18). There was significant difference in knowledge of TB between the participant with and without TB (p < 0.05). The participants with TB had higher knowledge scores than the participants without TB (79.21±10.09). Regarding the attitudes, the participants with TB had higher scores (65.65±5.18) in attitudes than the participants without TB (64.81±8.20). However, there was no significant difference in attitudes between the participants with and without TB (p > 0.05). In addition, no significant difference existed in knowledge and attitude toward TB for people infected and not infected with HIV (p. > .05).
Conclusion:
This study provides baseline information on knowledge and attitudes towards tuberculosis for people with and without TB in the new health district of Baskuy in Burkina Faso. The researchers believe when people do not have enough knowledge about the disease that could bring potential barriers to control TB. Hence, we suggest offering health care provider’s information about the knowledge and attitudes of TB for the residents living in the Baskuy health district.
Keywords: Tuberculosis, knowledge, attitude, people with TB, people without TB, Burkina Faso.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter I Introduction
1
1.1. Background of problem 1
1.2. Purpose of the study 5
1.3. Research questions 5
1.4. Definition of variables 6

Chapter II Review of the Literature

8
2.1. Introduction of TB 8
2.2. Studies related to Knowledge and Attitude of TB 13
2.3. Factors influencing Knowledge and Attitude of TB 15

Chapter III Research Method

23
3.1. Research design 23
3.2. Research setting 23
3.3. Sampling 25
3.4. Research instrument 26
3.5. Data collection 27
3.6. Data analysis 28
3.7. Ethical consideration 29
3.8. Summary 29



Chapter IV Result



30
4.1. Characteristics of the sample study 30
4.2. Differences in the knowledge and attitude of TB between people with and without TB 34
4.3. The relationship between demographic variables and knowledge and attitude towards TB and between knowledge and attitude 35
4.4. Relationship between age and knowledge and attitude of people with TB 36
4.5. Relationship between age and knowledge and attitude of people without TB 37
4.6. Difference in knowledge of TB and attitude towards by demographic feature 37
4.7. Difference in Knowledge and Attitude by demographic feature for a group of people with TB 39
4.8. Difference in Knowledge and Attitude by demographic feature for a group of people without TB 40

CHAPTER V Discussion

43
5.1. Demographic and general characteristics comparing people with and without TB 43
5.2. Differences in the knowledge and attitude of TB between people with and without TB 45
5.3. The relationship among demographic variables, knowledge and attitude toward TB 51
5.4. Relationship between age and knowledge and attitude of people with TB 51
5.5. Relationship between age and knowledge and attitude of people without TB 52
5.6. Difference in knowledge of TB and attitude towards by demographic feature 52

CHAPTER VI Study Limitation, implications, Conclusion and Recommendations

57
6.1. Study limitation 57
6.2. Conclusion 57
6.3. Implications for Clinical Practice. 59
6.4. Recommendation 60
6.5. Further research 61
References
62
Appendix
73

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 Demographic and general characteristics comparing people with and without TB. 33
Table 2 Differences in the knowledge and attitude of TB between people with and without TB 35
Table 3 Relationship between age, knowledge and attitude (N=138) 36
Table 4 Relationship between age and knowledge and attitude of people with TB (N=69) 36
Table 5 Relationship between age and knowledge and attitude of people without TB 37
Table 6 Difference in knowledge and attitude about TB towards by demographic feature 38
Table 7 Difference in Knowledge and Attitude by demographic feature for a group of people with TB 40
Table 8 Difference in Knowledge and Attitude by demographic feature for a group of people without TB 42


LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Conceptual framework 22
Figure 2 City of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 24
Figure 3 Baskuy Health District 25

References
Agboatwalla, M., Kazi, G.N., Shah, S.K., & Tariq, M. (2003). Gender perspectives on knowledge and practices regarding tuberculosis in urban and rural areas in Pakistan. Heath Journal of the Eastern Mediterranean, 9(4),
Ailinger, R. L., Black, P., Nguyen, N., Lasus, H. (2007). Predictors of Adherence to Latent Tuberculosis Infection Therapy in Latino Immigrants. Journal of Community Health Nursing, 24(3), 191–198.
Arif, k., Ali, S. A, Amanullah. S., Siddiqui. I., Khan, J. A., & Nayami, P. (1998). Physician compliance with national tuberculosis treatment guidelines: A university hospital study. International Journal of tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2, 225-30
attitude and misconceptions regarding tuberculosis in Pakistani patients. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association,56(5), 211..
Bacay-Domingo, M. C. N. & Ong-Lim, A. L. (2009). A descriptive study of the knowledge, attitudes and practices on tuberculosis (TB) among treatment partners of pediatric patients in Tarlac city. Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines, 10(1),
Bowling, A. (2002). Research methods in health: Investigating health and health services.
Buckingham: Open University Press.
Busari, O., Adeyemi, A. & Busari, O. (2008). Knowledge of tuberculosis and its management practices among medical interns in a resource-poor setting: Implications for disease control in sub-Saharan Africa. The Internet Journal of Infectious Diseases, 6(2).
63
Croft, R. P. & Croft, R. A. (1999). Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding leprosy and tuberculosis in Bangladesh. volume: Issue: 1, pages 34-42
De Vos, A. S., Strydom, H., Fouche, C. B. & Delport, C. S. L. (2002). Research at grassroots for the social sciences and human service professions. 2nd edition. Pretoria: Van Schaik.
Dewan .P. K, Gupta .D, & Williams. B. G. (2010). National estimate of HIV seroprevalence among tuberculosis patients in India. International Journal Tuberculosis Lung Disease,14(2), 247–249.
Diallo, S., Diarra, B., Diop, S., Toloba, Y., & Berthé, F. B. (2009). Knowledge, attitude and practices behavior Bamako‟s people with tuberculosis. Mali Medicine, 1, 48-51.
Dye, C., Scheele, S., Dolin, P., & Pathania, V., Raviglione, M. D. (1999). Consensus
Edginton, M. E., Sekatane, and C. S., Goldstein, S. J. (2002). Patients' beliefs: Do they affect tuberculosis control? A study in a rural district of South Africa. International Journal Tuberculosis Lung Disease, 6, 1075-82.
Elizinga, G., Raviglione, M. C., & Maher, D. (2004). Scale-up: meeting targets in global tuberculosis control. Lancet, 363, 814-819.
Gamely, K. N. (2008). Factors responsible for the high default rate of tuberculosis patients participating in direct observed treatment short course. Unpublished master thesis. University of South Africa, South Africa.
Gelaw, M., Genebo, T., Dejene, A., Lemma, E., & Eyob, G. (2001). Attitude and social consequences of TB in Addis- Ababa, Ethiopia. East Africa Medicine journal, 78.382-88.
General Census of Population and Housing (GPHC) in Burkina Faso
64
Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007 Global tuberculosis control: surveillance, planning, financing. WHO Report 2008 World Health Organization Document
Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008 (document WHO/HTM/TB/2008.393). Global tuberculosis control 2003–2008 to 2006 surveillance, planning and financing. Revise the National TB Strategic Plan. www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/2007/pdf/full.pdf
Getahun, H., & Aragaw, D. (2001). Tuberculosis in rural northwest Ethiopia: Community perspective. Ethiopian Medicine Journal, 39, 283-91.
Global tuberculosis control, 2008. Surveillance, planning, financing. (WHO report 2007)
Global tuberculosis control, WHO report 2001
Godfrey-Faussett, P., Kaunda, H., Kamanga, J., van Beers, S., van Cleeff, M., Kumwenda-Phiri, R., et al. (2002). Why do patients with a cough delay seeking care at Lusaka urban health centre. A health systems research approach. International Journal Tuberculosis Lung Disease, 6, 796-805.
Green, L. W., & Kreuter, M. W. (1999). Health promotion planning: An educational and ecological approach (3rd ed.). Mountain View, CA: Mayfield.
Gupta, R., Espinal, M.A., & Raviglione, M. C. (2004). Tuberculosis as a major global health problem in the 21st century: A WHO perspective. Seminar in Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, 25, 245-253.
Harries, A., Maher, D., & Graham S. (2004). TB/HIV: a clinical manual. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO). International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Program against tuberculosis in Africa case from Senegal NTP Senegal
65
2000 WHO, (2008). Tuberculosis. Estimated tuberculosis incidence, prevalence, and mortality 1 January – 31 December.
Hashim, D. S., Kubaisy, W. A. I, & Dulayme, A. I. (2004). Knowledge, attitudes and practices survey among health care workers and tuberculosis patients in Iraq. East Mediterranean Health Journal, 10(4-5), 493.
Hashim, D. S., Kubaisy W, Dulayme A. (2004). Knowledge, attitudes and practices survey among health care workers and tuberculosis patients in Iraq. East Mediterranean Health Journal, 10(4-5), 493.
Hoa, N. P., Thorson, A. E. K., Long, N. H., & Diwan, V. K. (2003). Knowledge of tuberculosis and associated health-seeking behavior among rural Vietnamese adults with a cough for at least three weeks. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 31(Suppl. 62), 59–65.
Hussain M. & Rizwi N. (2001). Survery of knowledge about tuberculosis among family physicians. Journal of Pakistan Medicine Association, 51, 333-7.
Information Centre of Statistics and Epidemiologic Surveillance Health District Baskuy 2009 Burkina Faso.
Johannson, E., Long, N.H. & Diwan, V. K. (1999). Attitudes to compliance with tuberculosis treatment among women and men in Vietnam. International Journal of Tubeculosis and Lung Diseases, 3, 862-868.
Kamel, M. I., Rashed, S., Foda, N., Mohie, A., & Loutfy, M. (2003). Gender differences in health care utilization and outcome of respiratory tuberculosis in Alexandria. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 9( 4), 741~756.
66
Kaona, F.A.D., Tuba, M., Seter, S. & Sikaona, L. (2004). An assessment of factors contributing to treatment adherence and knowledge of TB transmission among patients on TB treatment. BioMed Central Public Health, 4, 68.doi 10.1186/1471.2458-4.68
Khan, J. A., Irfan, M., Zaki, A., Beg, M., Hussain, S. F., & Rizvi, N. (2006). Knowledge,
Khan, J. A., Muhammad, I., Amna, Z., Madiha, B., Syed, F. H., Rizvi, N. (2006). Knowledge, attitude and misconceptions regarding Tuberculosis in Pakistani Patients. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association, 56, 211.
Khan, J. A., Zahid, S., Khan, R., Hussain, S. F., Rizvi, N., Rab, A., Javed, A., Ahmad, A. DBact, Ait-Khaled, N., Enarson D. A, (2005). Mmedical intern‟s knowledge of TB in Pakistan. Tropical Doctor, 35(3), 144-147.
Kim, S. C., Jin, B. W., Shimao, T., Mori, T. (1985). Study on the knowledge of tuberculosis and attitudes towards the disease. Bulletin International Union Tuberculosis, 60(3–4), 131–132.
Koay T.K (2004), Knowledge and Attitudes towards Tuberculosis among the People living in Kudat district. Medicine Journal of Malaysia, 59(4), 502-11
Kobasa, S. C. (1979). Stressful life events personality and health: An inquiry into hardiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1-11.
Kwamanga, D. , Githui, W. A., Meme, H., Ouma, W. O., Gicheha, C., Karimi, F, Mansoer, J & Kutwa, A. (2002). Health-seeking behaviour of People with TB in an urban slum in Kenya. Paper presented at the 14th conference of International Union Against Tuberculosis Control and Lung Disease Africa region on 11-14 June, in Durban, South Africa.
67
Liam, C. K., Lim, K. H., Wong, C. M. M., Tang, B. G. (1999). Attitudes and knowledge
Lo, S. F., Yang, M. L., Chiang, M. J., Hsu, M. Y.& Lin, H. Y.(2008). Knowledge, attitudes and behavior of tuberculosis in aboriginals. Formosa Journal of Median, 12, 275-283.
Manalo, et. Al. (1998). Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices for Tuberculosis among Filipino Family Physicians: A Comparative Analysis by Practice Setting and Location. Philippine Journal Microbial Infection Disease, 27(1), 6-12.
Mangesho, P. E., Shayo, E., Makunde, W. H., Keto, G. B. S., Mandara, C. I, Kamugisha, M. L., Kilale, A. M.,& Ishengoma, D. R. S. (2007). Community knowledge, attitudes and practices towards tuberculosis and its treatment in Mpwapwa District, central Tanzania. Tanzania Health Research Bulletin, 9(1), 38~43. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6289675.
Mangesho. P .E., Shayo, E., Makunde, W. H., Keto, G. B. S., Mandara, C. I, Kamugisha, M. L., Kilale, A. M. & Ishengoma, D. R. S. (2007). Community knowledge, attitudes and practices towards tuberculosis and its treatment in Mpwapwa District, central Tanzania. Tanzania Health Research Bulletin, 9(1), 38-43.
Marinac, J. S., Willsie, S. K., Bride D. M, & Hamburger S. C. (1998). Knowledge of tuberculosis in high-risk populations: Survey of inner city minorities. International Journal of Tuberculosis Lung Disease, 2(10),804–810.
Mengiste, M. M., Tesfay, T. W., Tareke, I. G., Mulugeta, G. W. M., & Richard, M. J. (2005). Community knowledge, attitudes and practices on pulmonary tuberculosis and their choice of treatment supervisor in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Ethiop Journal Health Development, 19, 21–27.
68
Metcalf, C. A., Bradshaw, D., Stindt, W. W. (1990). Knowledge and beliefs about tuberculosis among non-working women in Ravens mead, Cape Town. South Africa Medicine Journal, 77, 408-411.
Mfinanga, S. G., Mørkve, O., Kazwala, R.R., Cleaveland, S., Sharp, J. M., Shirima, G. &Nilsen, R. (2003). Tribal differences in perception of tuberculosis: a possible role in tuberculosis control in Nilsen Arusha, Tanzania. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 7, 933–941
Mohamed, A. A.I,Yousif, M. A., Ottoa, P. & Bayoumi, A. (2007). Knowledge of tuberculosis: A survey among tuberculosis patients in Omdurman, Sudan. Sudanese Journal of Public Health,2 (1), 21.
Mushtaq, M. U. (2010). Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding tuberculosis in two districts of Punjab. International Journal of Tuberculosis Lung Disease, 14(3):303–310.
Mushtaq, M. U., Majrooh, M. A., Ahmad, W., Rizwan, M., Luqman, M. Q., Aslam, M. J., Siddiqui, A. M., Akram, J., Shad, M. A. (2010). Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding tuberculosis in two districts of Punjab, Pakistan. International Journal of Tuberculosis Lung Disease, 14(3), 303-10.
Mushtaq, M. U., Shahid, U., Abdullah, H. M., Saeed, A., Omer, F., Shad, M. A., Siddiqui, A. M., & Akram, J. (2011). Urban-rural inequities in knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding tuberculosis in two districts of Pakistan‟s Punjab province. International Journal for Equity in Health, 10(1), 8.
National Program against Tuberculosis (NTP Burkina Faso) Action Plan 2010
National program against Tuberculosis in Burkina Faso, report 2009.
69
Nyamathi, A., Sands, H., Pattatucci-Aragon, A., Berg, J., & Leak, B.(2004).Tuberculosis knowledge, perceived risk and risk behaviors among homeless adults; Effect of ethnicity and injection drug use. Journal of Community Health, 29(6), 483–49
Odusanya, O.O., & Babafemi, J.O. (2004). Patterns of delays amongst pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Lagos, Nigeria. BioMed Central Public Health, 4, 18.
of newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients regarding the disease, and factors affecting treatment compliance. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 3(4), 300-309.
Ottmani .S., Obermeyer. I. Z., Bencheikh. N. & Mahjour. J. (2008). Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about tuberculosis in urban Morocco. Heath Journal of the Eastern Mediterranean,14( 2), 298-30
Ouedraogo, M., Ouedraogo, G., Ouedraogo, S.M., Zigani, A., Bambara, M., Some, L., Dingtoumda, B., Auregan, G., & Tiendrebeogo, H. (1999). A retrospective study about 2202 cases of tuberculosis in Africa Ouagadougou. Medicine of Black Africa, 46 (8 / 9), .
Panda. R., & Prabhakar, R. (1992). Defaults, defaulter action and retrieval of patients during studies on tuberculosis meningitis in children. Tubercle Lung Disease, 73, 170-173.
Pichard.E, Minta .D. (2000), Maladies Infectieuses en Afrique. Raviglione MC, Snider DE, Kochi A. Global epidemiology of tuberculosis. Brochure, 1, 111-20 3.
Purohit, S. D., Gupta, M. C., Madan, A., Gupta, P. R., Mathur, B. B., and Sarma, T. N. (1988). Awareness about tuberculosis among general population: a pilot study. Indian Journal of Tuberculosis, 35, 193-5.
70
Rundi, C. (2010). Understanding Tuberculosis: Perspectives and Experiences of the People of Sabah, East Malaysia. Journal of Health Population and Nutrition, 28 (2), 114-23.
Saly, S., Onozaki, I., Ishikawa, N. (2006). Decentralized DOTS shortens delay to TB treatment significantly in Cambodia. Kekkaku,81(7), 467-74.
Sharma, N., Malhotra, R., Taneja, D. K., Saha, R., Ingle, G. K. (2007). Awareness and perception about tuberculosis in the general population of Delhi. Asia Pacific Journal Public Health, 19, 10- 15
Singh MM, Bano T, Pagare D, Sharma N, Devi R, Mehra M (2002). Knowledge and attitude towards tuberculosis in a slum community of Delhi. Journal of Community Disease, 34,203-14.
Somerville, M. A. & Orkin, A.J. (1989). Human rights discrimination and AIDS: concepts and issues. AIDS 3 (Supplementary 1), S283
statement: global burden of tuberculosis: estimated incidence, prevalence and mortality by country. WHO Global Surveillance and Monitoring Project. JAMA; 282: 677-686.
Steen, T.W. & Mazonde, G.N. (1999). Ngaka ya setwana, ngakaya sekgoa or both? Health seeking behavior in Botswana with pulmonary tuberculosis. Social Science and Medicine 48, 163-172.
UNAIDS. Frequently asked questions about Tuberculosis and HIV. http://data.unaids.org/pub/factsheet/2006/tb_hiv_qa.pdf.
71
Wang, J., Fei, Y., Shen, H. & Xu, B. (2008). Gender difference in knowledge of tuberculosis and associated health-care seeking behaviors: a cross-sectional study in a rural area of China. BioMedical Central Public Health, 8,354.
Wang, J., Fei, Y., Shen, H. & Xu, B. (2008). Gender difference in knowledge of tuberculosis and associated health-care seeking behaviors: a cross-sectional study in a rural area of China. BioMedical Central Public Health, 8,354.
WHO (2002) Strategic framework to decrease the burden of co-infection TB / HIV.
WHO (2005). Tuberculosis– The Global burden. World Health Organization, Geneva. Available at http://www.who.int/tb/publications/ tb_global_facts_sep05_en.pdf. (Accessed on 27th July 2006).
WHO 2009. Accessed 2010 Mar 24. WHO (2008) Prevalence of tuberculosis (per 100 000 population World Health Organization (WHO 2009) report, released today on World TB Day, “Global Tuberculosis Control: Epidemiology, Strategy, Financing,” on its Web site, GlobalhealthFacts.org.
WHO report on the tuberculosis epidemic, 1994.Geneva: World Health Organization; 1994. (Accessed on 5/9/2009 Update Tuberculosis Facts.
WHO(2007) WHO REPORT 2007 Global Tuberculosis Control Surveillance, Planning, Financing.
WHO, 2008 (WHO/HTM/TB/2009) Global tuberculosis controls: surveillance, planning and financing. WHO report Geneva. SOURCE: 2010 CIA WORLD FACTBOOK AND OTHER SOURCES www.merriam-webst
WHO. Status Analysis: Impact of AIDS on TB. (2005).
WHO. Tuberculosis, Fact sheet No. 104; March (2010).
72
WHO/CDS/TB/2002-296. WHO / HIV AIDS2002, 2: 11
Yadav, S. P., Mathur, M. L & Dixit, A. K. (2006). Knowledge, attitudes towards TB among sandstone quarry workers in desert parts Rajasthan. Indian Journal of Tuberculosis, 53(4), 187-195.