臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究蒐集2007年8月~2009年12月間，海研二號於臺灣北部海域(共計9航次)所測得之EK500魚探系統(頻率38及120 kHz)觀測資料，並搭配ORI net與Bongo net浮游生物網所採集之浮游生物樣本，以探討聲探資料推估不同網具及網目採集生物量間的差異。
Bongo net網具之網口大小皆為60 cm，網目大小分別為200 μm、330 μm、500 μm及1000 μm。ORI網具之網口大小為160 cm，網目大小為330 μm。兩者皆以垂直拖曳的方式進行採樣。將各網次採得之生物量(B)對數值與相對應之平均體積反射強度值(Sv值；dB)進行迴歸分析，並檢定其差異性。經共變數分析(ANCOVA)檢定結果顯示，Bongo net所採樣之生物量隨各網目大小不同而異，整體而言200 μm採樣效率最高，生物量最多，330 μm與500 μm次之，而1000 μm最少且效率最差。
至於在不同頻率下所觀測得生物量之變動方面，120 kHz較38 kHz更能區分不同網目所採集生物量差異，其原因可能與高頻的聲波對於體型小的浮游生物有著較好的應答特性有關。又生物量與網具結構不同的比較上，在較高生物量的環境下以Bongo net的採集效率較佳，而低密度則反之。而各網目之生物組成皆以橈足類所佔比例最高，約佔53% ~ 83%不等，且會因不同網目大小而改變其所佔比例。

Acoustical and biological sampling of zooplankton in the waters off northern Taiwan has been carried out for 9 courses by the Ocean Researcher II during 2007 to 2009. The volume backscattering strength (Sv) was measured at 38 and 120 kHz, meanwhile, a joined Bongo net and an ORI net were used to collect the biological organisms. The joined Bongo net is composed by four single net with identical diameter in mouth of 60 cm, but different mesh size of 200 μm、330 μm、500 μm and 1000 μm respectively. For the ORI net, diameter of mouth is 160 cm with each mesh size of 330 μm. While sampling, both sets of net were dragged vertically in the study area.
The estimated densities of zooplankton at different mesh size of Bongo nets were compared using ANCOVA test. The results showed that biomass of zooplankton were different at each mesh size of Bongo nets. Overall, the biomass sampled by the Bongo net was the highest at mesh size of 200 μm, but the lowest at mesh size of 1000 μm. In addition, there were no significant differences in biomass between the mesh size of 330 μm and 500 μm.
The regression analysis showed a linear relationship between logarithm of zooplankton density B (mg/m3) and Sv (dB), with p-value<0.05 for all nets. Comparing the slopes and intercepts of the four equations for Bongo nets, there were significant differences between the intercepts, but not for slope. The highest intercept was found in the Bongo net of 200 μm mesh size, but the lowest intercept was in the mesh size of 1000 μm.
The relationship between biological density and the Sv was analyzed at the two frequencies. The results showed the correlation coefficients (R2) of the regression lines for 120 kHz are higher than 38 kHz. And when the biological density is higher in the survey area, the sampling efficiency of the Bongo net be better than ORI net, and vice verse.

目錄…………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
表目錄………………………………………………………………………………Ⅳ
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………………Ⅴ
中文摘要……………………………………………………………………………Ⅷ
英文摘要……………………………………………………………………………X
壹、前言……………………………………………………………………………1
貳、材料與方法……………………………………………………………………6
2.1 資料蒐集………………………………………………………………………6
2.1.1 聲波遙測系統之設定與資料收集…………………………………………6
2.1.2 生物樣本採集………………………………………………………………7
2.1.2.1 現場生物之採樣…………………………………………………………7
2.1.2.2 濾水體積之計算…………………………………………………………8
2.2 資料處理與分析……………………………………………………………10
2.2.1 聲波遙測資料之處理與分析……………………………………………10
2.2.2 樣本之生物量計算………………………………………………………11
2.2.2.1 生物濕重(Wet weight) ……………………………………………11
2.2.2.2 生物量(Biomass) …………………………………………………11
2.2.2.3 生物樣本之分類及定量分析…………………………………………12
2.2.3 資料比較分析……………………………………………………………13
2.2.3.1 生物量比較分析………………………………………………………13
2.2.3.2 線性迴歸之分析………………………………………………………13
2.2.3.3 迴歸線比較分析………………………………………………………14
參、結果……………………………………………………………………………15
3.1 網具採集之生物量評估……………………………………………………15
3.1.1 不同網目之生物量大小比較……………………………………………15
3.1.2 不同網目之生物量差異性比較…………………………………………16
3.1.3 不同網口之生物量差異性比較…………………………………………16
3.2 Sv值與生物量之關係………………………………………………………17
3.3 生物量與Sv值之關係比較…………………………………………………18
3.3.1 不同網目之迴歸線大小比較……………………………………………18
3.3.2 不同網目之迴歸線差異性比較…………………………………………19
3.3.3 不同頻率之迴歸線大小比較……………………………………………21
肆、討論……………………………………………………………………………23
4.1 影響不同網口下生物量推估結果之探討…………………………………23
4.2 不同網具下相關係數之比較………………………………………………24
4.3 頻率、網具與網目大小對Sv值與生物量之影響比較……………………25
4.4 結論與未來研究課題………………………………………………………26
謝辭…………………………………………………………………………………28
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………29
表……………………………………………………………………………………34
圖……………………………………………………………………………………47

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