臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要目的在探討不同學齡階段的自閉症兒童對父母親親職壓力上的影響及關聯性，亦希望了解不同背景變項的自閉症兒童之父母是否在親職壓力的感受上產生差異，進一步去檢視不同學齡階段及父母的背景變項間是否存在交互作用影響親職壓力的大小。
研究者採量化研究，以新竹縣市以北之各相關醫療院所、機構為立意取樣的來源，針對家有13歲以下自閉症男童之同住雙親為研究對象，共獲得108位家長的參與。父母雙方各自填寫基本資料表以及「父職壓力量表」與「短式親職壓力量表」。所得資料以SPSS 12.0進行描述統計、單因子變異數分析、雙因子變異數分析、無母數統計法、t考驗、相關分析等加以處理。
研究結果發現，不同學齡階段自閉症兒童的父母雙方也確實感受到不同大小的親職壓力，但父母雙方感受到的壓力層面和壓力的方向性不盡相同。母親主要偏向對孩子難養育特質之感受的變化，認為教養學齡前的自閉症兒童壓力較大；父親則偏向對角色勝任與限制的壓力感受，認為教養學齡自閉症兒童壓力較大。背景變項中，僅家庭收入的高低會影響父母雙方對親職壓力的感受，但不必然是收入越多、壓力越小的相對關係。不同學齡階段及父母的背景變項間則未發現存在交互作用影響親職壓力。
根據結果，研究者建議可再針對不同學齡階段自閉症兒童對父母雙方造成不同壓力感受的層面再深入討論；同時就已知的部份，提供父母雙方各自需要的協助，如：改善母親長時間與孩子相處帶來的無力感、提昇父親與孩子的互動能力。

This study includes three directions. First, compare the parenting stress discrepancy between parents of preschool and school-age children with autism. Second, compare the parenting stress discrepancy between different parents’ demographic characteristics. Third, explore the correlation among preschool and school-age children with autism and different parents’ demographic characteristics how to impact parenting stress.
The researcher targets parents of male-children with autism under 13 years old at north Taiwan. The instruments applied in the study were the Demographic Data Form and “Parenting Stress Index/Short Form and Fathers’ Parenting Stress Inventory”. By the end, the researcher completed quantitative analysis of data from 108 parents of children with autism. The data were processed by SPSS 12.0 and both descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. The statistics include frequency distribution, one-way ANOVA, two- way ANOVA, Nonparametric Test, t-test and analysis of correlation.
Some conclusions as follows: mothers of preschool children with autism having higher stress level than mothers of school-age children with autism in subscale of “difficult child”. Fathers of school-age children with autism having higher stress level than fathers of preschool children with autism in subscale of “sense of competence and limitation”. The parenting stress was correlated with “family income” in mothers and fathers, but the result does not show that higher family income brings lower parenting stress. In addition, there is no interaction effect between preschool/school-age children with autism and different parents’ demographic characteristics.
According to these conclusions, the researcher suggests that we should concern different parenting stress of mothers and fathers and provide suitable assistance to mothers and fathers.