臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘 要
目的：探討女性穿著傳統跟鞋、松高鞋、楔形鞋行走之運動學、動力學與下肢肌電圖參數的變化情形與差異性。研究對象：8位有穿著高跟鞋經驗且下肢無任何傷痛病史之健康女性，年齡21.13±3.14歲、身高160.63±6.04公分、體重50±8.23公斤。方法與步驟：以一部Mega speed 30k 高速攝影機（100Hz）、一台AMTI測力板（1000Hz）與Biovision肌電儀（2500Hz）以同步方法擷取受試者穿著不同鞋大底樣式高跟鞋行走時之完整步態週期。影片以Kwon3D動作分析軟體處理，經人體肢段參數建製、直接線性轉換及濾波後，取得運動學參數。測力板原始訊號透過DASYLab 6.0分析軟體，經濾波、模組校正得到原始地面反作用力，並以體重倍率（B.W）作為標準化。肌電訊號由DASYLab 6.0軟體分析原始肌電訊號後，進行10-500Hz的band-pass濾波處理，經全波整流上翻、10 Hz低通率波平滑化處理，得出肌電訊號的平均肌電振幅，並以最大肌電值（100%）進行標準化處理，所得實驗參數使用SPSS for Windows 12.0套裝軟體以重複量數單因子變異數分析進行統計分析（α=.05)。結果：一、站立期與擺動期所佔之時間百分比、站立期身體重心垂直位移變化、軀幹前傾角及踝關節角度變化均達統計上顯著差異（p<.05）二、不同鞋大底樣式高跟鞋行走之垂直分力制動力與推蹬力峰值、平均負荷率、前後方向及左右方向之壓力中心偏移量均達統計上顯著差異（p<.05）三、不同鞋大底樣式高跟鞋行走之下肢平均肌電振幅，制動期方面，股直肌、股二頭肌與腓腸肌均達統計上顯著差異（p<.05）；推蹬期方面，僅股直肌達統計上顯著水準（p<.05）結論：女性選擇高跟鞋穿著時除了注意鞋跟高度外，對於鞋底樣式亦需注重，選擇適當的鞋底樣式可達到延緩疲勞出現的效果，才能使行走動作較平衡穩定，除此之外也不會增加身體負擔造成傷害，維持良好的生活品質。

ABSTRACT
Purposes:This study discussed the variations and differences in kinematics, dynamics and the electromyogram (EMG) parameters of the lower extremity of females to walk on traditional heeled shoes, platform shoes and wedge shoes.. The experiment subjects are 8 healthy female adults with high heeled experience (age:21.13±3.14 years old, height:160.63±6.04cm,weight:50±8.23kg) .
Methods and Process: A Mega speed 30k high-speed camera (100Hz) , an AMTI force plate (1000Hz) and four Biovision EMG system(2500Hz) are used to synchronously capture kinematical, dynamics and lower limbs EMG parameters during the subjects walking with different Outsole Pattern of high heeled in one gait cycle. Kinematical parameters are filmed through the camera, then the obtain film undergoes human limb sections of parameter organization system, Direct Linear Transformation and filter by the Kwon3D movement analysis software, in order to obtain the parameters such as gait cycle,the position of centerof bodymass, trunk forward inclination angle, hip, knee, ankle of joint angle. The original signal from the force plate, processed by DASYLab 6.0 software to low-pass filtering (10Hz) and calibrate modular, calculates the original ground reaction forece. Body weight (B.W) is used as the basis for standardization to obtain ground reaction force values and impulse values. EMG signal analysis by the Dasy Lab 6.0 software get the rectus femoris muscle, Biceps femoris long head muscle, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius muscles of lower limbs after the original EMG, were 10-500 Hz of band-pass filtering by full-wave rectifier on the turn, 10 Hz low pass rate of wave smoothing processing, and then the integral operator , may be integral EMG amplitude (IEMG), and divided by the integral action time interval, the average EMG obtained EMG amplitude, and maximum EMG value (100%) for standardization, the experimental parameters using SPSS for Windows 12.0 package software and statistical method one-way ANOVA were used to conduct statistical analyses on the data (α =. 05).
The result are : 1) the difference in time percentages of stance phase and shaking phase: the vertical displacement variation of body weight center during stance phase, the variations of the trunk front-rake displacement and the ankle joint angle were all statistically significant (p<.05); 2) the differences in brake force and thrust peak value of the vertical force: the average load rate and the pressure center offsets at the fore-and-after directions and the left-and-right directions when walking on the high-heeled shoes with different outsole patterns were all statistically significant (p<.05); 3) the average EMG amplitude of the lower extremity when walking in high-heeled shoes in different outsole patterns: during braking phase, the differences in rectus femoris, biceps flexor cruris and gastrocnemius were all statistically significant (p<.05); during thrust phase, only the difference in rectus femoris was statistically significant (p<.05). Conclusions: When selecting high-heeled shoes, users should pay attention to the outsole patterns besides the height of heels. Selecting an appropriate outsole pattern can relieve the fatigue, exercise the force of the lower extremity muscle group appropriately, and ensure the balance and stability in walking. Moreover, it will not impose burdens or create harms on the body, thus maintaining quality of life.

目 次
中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
目次 iv
表次 vii
圖次 ix

第壹章 緒論……….……………………………….………..…………01
第一節 問題背景………..…….………………….…………………..01
第二節 研究目的……………………………………………………05
第三節 研究範圍與限制…………….…………………………………06
第四節 名詞操作性定義………………….………………………………07
第貳章 文獻探討…………….…………………………………………..13
第一節 身體平衡穩定之生物力學影響…………………………………13
第二節 步態週期之生物力學影響……………………………………16
第三節 不同鞋跟高度及粗細之相關文獻………………………………23
第四節 文獻總結………………………………………………………31
第参章 研究方法與步驟………………………….………………….…....33
第一節 研究對象………………………………………………………33
第二節 實驗時間與地點…………………………………….……………33
第三節 研究架構……………….…………………………………………34
第四節 實驗儀器與設備…………………………………………………35
第五節 實驗方法與步驟…………………………………………………39
第六節 資料處理與統計分析……………………………………………50
第肆章 結果…………………………………………………………….…55
第一節 穿著不同鞋大底樣式高跟鞋行走時之運動學參數分析…...…..55
第二節 穿著不同鞋大底樣式高跟鞋行走時之動力學參數分析……..63
第三節 穿著不同鞋大底樣式高跟鞋行走時之肌電訊號分析………..68
第四節 穿著不同鞋大底樣式高跟鞋行走時之綜合分析…….…………72
第伍章 討論…………………….………………..………………………77
第一節 穿著不同鞋大底樣式高跟鞋行走時對運動學參數的影響……77
第二節 穿著不同鞋大底樣式高跟鞋行走時對動力學參數的影響…81
第三節 穿著不同鞋大底樣式高跟鞋行走時對下肢肌電訊號的影響…85
第四節 穿著不同鞋大底樣式高跟鞋行走時之綜合討論………………88
第陸章 結論與建議………….………………………………......………91

參考文獻………………………………………………………………93
一、中文部分………………………………………………………………93
二、外文部分………………………………………………………………95
附錄
附錄一、受試者同意書…………………………...……………………….103

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