在全球化的基礎上，比較利益與專業分工的概念愈形重要；近年來，許多文獻開始重視這個問題，探討產業聚集（industry agglomeration）如何提升國家生產力及競爭力。Marshall（1920）與新經濟地理學認為外部經濟與產業規模經濟是促成製造業聚集經濟的主因。本研究採用台灣各縣所含之306個鄉鎮市資料來驗證台灣製造業是否存在Marshall外部性，首次使用以地區為基礎的區域商數指標（location quotients；LQ）做為被解釋變數，搭配台灣地方公共支出變數，來探討產業聚集的現象。
本文使用加權最小平方法，驗證了台灣製造業的確存在Marshall外部性，更發現經濟建設、社區發展及環境保護及其它公共支出對聚集經濟有提升效果，而社會福利及一般政務及退撫則產生反聚集效果。
本文更建議地方政府未來擬定鄉鎮市區之特色產業，初期目標應以招商為原則，藉由不同的公共支出類型來強化招商的功能，長期目標則應強化與研究機構合作，以期健全產業發展網絡。

Recently the tendency of globalization interests many studies in the issue of comparative advantage and specialization, trying to find out how the national productivity and competitiveness improved by industry agglomeration. Marshall(1920) and the researchers of new economic geography considered that the economies of scale and external economies are the main causes of industry agglomeration economy. Using data of 306 townships in Taiwan, this study tested Marshall’s perspective of economic externality by introducing the location quotient (the area-based measured index) alone with the local public expenditure as the dependent variable for the first time.
The result supports Marshall’s externality in Taiwanese manufacture industry by weighted least square method. This study also finds that the infrastructure, community development, environmental protection and other public spending have positive effects on the agglomeration economy; however, social welfare, general administration and pension expenditure have opposite influences. Thereby we suggest that in the short run local governments should invite investment by terms of infrastructure and in the long run facilitate the network of industry by the assistance of research institutions.

第 1 章 緒論 1
第 1 節 研究動機與目的 1
第 2 節 研究內容與方法 3
第 3 節 研究架構與章節安排 5
第 2 章 文獻回顧 7
第 1 節 產業聚集之指標衡量 8
第 2 節 影響產業聚集之因素 10
第 3 節 公共支出對聚集經濟影響 19
第 4 節 小結 20
第 3 章 台灣製造業佈局 22
第 1 節 歷次普查產業分佈狀態 22
第 2 節 台灣製造業分佈狀態 29
第 3 節 台灣各縣市製造業聚集指數 41
第 4 節 台灣鄉鎮市區製造業聚集指標 52
第 5 節 小結 58
第 4 章 台灣產業聚集實證分析 60
第 1 節 變數定義與資料來源 60
第 2 節 敍述性統計 66
第 3 節 實證結果 69
第 4 節 小結 77
第 5 章 結論與建議 81
第 1 節 結論 81
第 2 節 建議 85
第 3 節 研究限制及未來發展 87
參考文獻 89
附錄及附表 94

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