臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

歐盟在全球環境政治領域中扮演重要角色。本文研究歐盟的氣候治理，透過多層次治理的理論觀點，以歐盟的排放交易決策做為分析案例，來觀察歐盟的氣候治理模式。
從國家、超國家、跨國家層次來分析排放交易指令的決策過程，可以映證歐盟氣候治理所擁有多主體、多層次、多面向的特質。參與決策過程的主角，不只有歐盟的超國家組織或會員國，如環保團體、私人企業、科學社群等跨國行為者也都對決策產生一定影響，彰顯出氣候治理多元主體的特性，各個層面的行為者透過相互協商來取得集體共識。共識的取得則須依賴行為者之間的多重決策管道，這些正式與非正式的管道包含各種諮商會議、工作小組，以及溝通、協商、遊說的過程，權力分散的互賴網狀結構增加行為者之間的互動，呈現治理的多層次特質。在政策領域區分漸細的情況下，氣候治理有朝向高度專業化發展的趨勢，技術性官僚與專業知識在政策的設計與提案過程中，擁有高度重要性。
本研究共有七章。第一章為研究動機與目的，陳述方法與架構，列出研究範圍與限制，並進行文獻回顧。第二章為多層次治理的理論探討，闡述歐盟治理的決策程序、行為者與互動模式。第三章探討歐盟環境政策與氣候政策的發展歷史。第四到六章為案例分析，將排放交易政策分為三個階段，分析歐盟從反對、接受到通過法案的過程。第八章為結論，將歐盟的氣候治理與排放交易決策作一完整的評估，回顧研究成果並提出未來研究建議。本研究認為，以多層次治理模式為基礎，歐盟發展出的氣候治理體系擁有良好表現，因而得以在國際氣候談判中維持領導角色。

In the field of global environmental politic, European Union plays a crucial role. This study aims to investigate EU climate governance through the perspective of multi-level governance, using Emission Trading Scheme as case study.
The policy-forming process of ETS can be analyzed in national, supranational and transnational levels. Three characteristics of EU climate governance are revealed by multi-level analysis. The first characteristic would be multi-actor, which means that the policy is formed by numbers of agents containing EU institutions, national governments, environmental NGOs, industries and scientific communities. The ultimate goal of these actors is to reach a consensus through negotiation. The second characteristic refers to the existing of multi-level channels in decision making process, including official and non-official ones, which shape into an interdependent and decentralized networking structure, and thus enhance the interaction between involving actors. The differentiation of policy issues is the third characteristic. Under this circumstance, climate governance becomes a highly professional issue. Technological bureaucrats and specialized knowledge are required when designing and promoting related policies.
First chapter states the motives and purposes, range and restrictions, and literature review of the research. Chapter two probes into the theory of multi-level governance. Chapter three examines the evolution of EU environmental and climate policies historically. The following three chapters are case study, investigating how EU finally achieves to pass the ETS directive from the beginning. Chapter eight is an overall overview of the research.

口試委員會審定書 i
謝辭 ii
摘要 iii
目錄 v
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 vi
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
第二節 研究方法與架構 8
第三節 研究範圍與限制 12
第四節 文獻回顧 13
第二章 歐盟與多層次治理 31
第一節 多層次治理的理論起源 31
第二節 多層次治理的主要論點 34
第三節 歐盟治理的決策程序與行為者 37
第四節 歐盟的多層次互動模式 45
第三章 歐盟的氣候治理 48
第一節 歐盟環境政策的發展歷史 48
第二節 歐盟的氣候政策 51
第三節 歐盟氣候治理的多層次分析 57
第四節 小結 63
第四章 歐盟的排放交易政策：1992年到1997年 66
第一節 國際碳排放交易概念的浮現 66
第二節 京都談判的爭議 72
第三節 歐盟環境政策傳統的新挑戰 75
第四節 評估與分析 78
第五章 歐盟的排放交易政策：1998年到2000年 82
第一節 執委會的初步動作 82
第二節 排放交易機制的知識建構 87
第三節 諮商程序與多元意見 92
第四節 評估與分析 100
第六章 歐盟的排放交易政策：2001年到2003年 103
第一節 從綠皮書到草案 103
第二節 進入共同決策程序 110
第三節 完成排放交易指令 118
第四節 評估與分析 121
第七章 結論 127
參考文獻 138

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