臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

九重葛為熱帶及亞熱帶地區重要花卉，花期的調控及觀賞壽命為產業的重要課題。但九重葛在開花後常有易落苞的問題存在，尤其在室內及陰雨的低光環境下最為嚴重，影響其觀賞品質。本研究擬探討生長調節劑對九重葛生長及開花之影響並探討如何延長九重葛之苞片壽命，以增進觀賞價值。
九重葛‘紫花’在自然環境下，開花枝條中以傾斜枝條 (inclined shoot) 佔大多數，水平枝條(horizontal shoot) 次之，而直立枝條(vertical shoot)皆為徒長枝，開花率最差。但仍缺少證據證明為何傾斜枝條較易開花。本研究將九重葛‘台北紅’利用人工拉枝分為傾斜、水平及直立枝條，結果顯示九重葛的枝條形態以傾斜枝條與水平枝條之營養生長較直立枝條生長緩慢，且到達開花所需時間較短、花芽數也較多，其中以傾斜枝條具有最佳促進九重葛開花之效果;由內生氨基環丙烷羧酸 (1-aminocyclopropene-1-carboxylate, ACC)含量測定得知，傾斜枝條之ACC含量高於水平枝條及直立枝條，因此乙烯可能扮演促進枝條成熟並提早花芽形成之角色。另以不同時期枝條成熟度(營養生長時期、刺花序軸肥大、花苞可見、花苞開放時期)的枝條分別處理乙烯釋放劑- ethephon，證明九重葛在營養生長時期施用ethephon可以加速枝條成熟，且其內生ACC含量低於生殖生長階段，故此時處理ethephon可提高九重葛內生乙烯含量而達到促進花芽形成之效果; 而在生殖生長時期(刺花序軸肥大、花苞可見、花苞開放時期)施用ethephon反而不利之後花苞的發育，且其內生ACC含量高於營養生長階段，因而會造成嚴重的落苞及落葉現象。由以上結果推論乙烯在九重葛上具有促進花芽形成和抑制花芽發育之雙重作用。
在花苞壽命方面，將九重葛‘台北紅’處理100-800 nL L-1甲基環丙烯 (1-methylcyclopropene, 1-MCP) 與對照組相比顯示出具有延長苞片壽命的效果，以800 nL L-11-MCP的效果最好，但只在苞片較成熟(stages 3-4)才有顯著延長苞片壽命之效果。而在苞片較幼嫩時(stages 1-2)則無顯著延長苞片壽命之效果。另外處理單一藥劑1-MCP、萘乙酸 (1-naphthaleneacetic acid, NAA)、萘乙酸鈉 (sodium salt of naphthaleneacetic acid, SNA)、苯氨基嘌呤 (6-benzylaminopurine, BA)、腐胺 (diamine putrescine, Put)、水楊酸 (salicylic acid, SA)和硫代硫酸銀(silver thiosulfate, STS)與對照組相比皆具有顯著延長苞片壽命之效果，其內生ACC 氧化酶 (1-aminocyclopropene-1-carboxylate oxidase, ACC oxidase)及乙烯含量也會顯著地降低。但處理吲哚丁酸 (indolebutyric acid, IBA)及磷酸二氫鉀(potassium dihydrogen phosphate, KH2PO4)則在苞片任一時期皆無延長苞片壽命之效果且其內生ACC oxidase及乙烯含量與對照組相比亦無顯著差異。生長調節劑組合方面，以NAA+ SA及NAA + STS具有最佳延長苞片壽命之效果且可降低內生ACC oxidase含量、乙烯含量、減緩葉綠素和蛋白質的降解。整體效果而言，複合藥劑優於單一藥劑且可延長各個時期苞片的壽命。
百香果(Passiflora spp.)為西番蓮科西番蓮屬多年生蔓生植物，然而其在台灣冬季低溫下常有不開花之情形存在，常會造成春季果實供應量的短缺。本研究擬探討低溫環境下處理生長調節劑對百香果‘台農1號’生長及花芽形成之影響，期許能解決百香果在冬季低溫下之開花障礙。
在低溫下施用乙烯作用抑制劑(STS、AgNO3)顯示出具有促進花芽形成之效果，約處理後2星期即可看見花芽，且可以降低其內生ACC含量、ACC oxidase及乙烯含量。但花芽出現之後會有夭折之情形，無法順利開花。推測其可能原因為花芽出現後又遭受到低溫的逆境而致使花芽無法膨大，或施用藥劑時植株仍太小，對逆境的抵抗力不強所導致。
若將百香果植株先在低溫環境(20/15℃)下施AgNO3和STS誘導花芽形成後，再移溫至25/20℃，其花芽仍可持續發育，且花芽會順利發育至開花。另外枝條成熟度也會影響百香果對低溫的抵抗性，將百香果植株依節數分成三個階段(P1, 5-11節、P2, 12-18節、P3, 19-25節)，分別噴施1 mM STS，置於冬季低溫環境下，觀察其開花情形。顯示出枝條較幼嫩之植株在誘導花芽形成之後會受到冷害，花芽皆夭折，夭折率達100%; 而枝條較成熟之植株(P2, P3)，其枝條較成熟，故花芽能繼續發育至開花。
水楊酸具有抑制乙烯之作用且可以抵抗生物及非生物逆境，對植物的生長及發育具有重要的影響。不同pH值的水楊酸其對百香果的生長效能具有顯著的影響。在低溫下處理pH 6.5的水楊酸溶液可以促進百香果生長及花芽形成，但若是處理pH 2.4的水楊酸溶液之植株則生長緩慢，且均無花芽形成。水楊酸也具有濃度效應，枝條較幼嫩植株(P1, 5-11節)之百香果需較高的濃度的SA (2.5 mM以上)才有促進其花芽形成之效果;而枝條較成熟(P2, 12-18節)之百香果僅需較低濃度的水楊酸(0.5-2.0 mM)即可達到促進花芽形成之效果。在低溫下處理水楊酸雖可使花芽繼續發育至開花，但仍有花芽夭折率高之情形。若將百香果植株(P2, 12-18節)先在低溫環境(20/15℃)下處理水楊酸誘導花芽形成後，移溫25/20℃，其花芽可持續發育並且可以降低花芽夭折率，花芽會順利發育至開花。

Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea spp.) is an economically important ornamental flower in sub-tropical and tropical regions. Therefore, the ability to control the timing of flower production is of great importance commercially. After flowering, the flower bracts regularly abscise, and this process increases when bougainvilleas are subjected to indoor low-light conditions. Therefore, the aim of this research is to elucidate how plant growth regulators affect the growth and flowering of bougainvillea.
Most of the bougainvillea flowering shoots are inclining and vertical shoots are not flowering shoots, thus confirming the above observations in the natural environment. However, no direct or other studies have been performed to determine why inclined shoots have more flowers than vertical and horizontal shoots in the natural environment. In this work, therefore, bougainvillea shoots were artificially orientated vertically, horizontally and at an incline to study the effect of orientation on plant growth and the development of flower buds. Inclined shoots of bougainvillea have more flowering buds and more fully blooming flowers than either horizontal or vertical shoots. Inclined shoots had a higher endogenous ACC (1-aminocyclopropene-1-carboxylate) content and produced more ethylene than either horizontal or vertical shoots, indicating that more ACC in the inclined shoot is converted into ethylene, and the higher ethylene concentration in the inclined shoot causes it to mature earlier and flower sooner.
Additionally, this study examined bougainvillea shoots of different developmental stages, e.g., vegetative shoot, flowering shoot stage 1 with the thorn-inflorescence axis developed fully (FS1), flowering shoot stage 2 with visible flower bud (FS2), and flowering shoot stage 3 with blooming shoot (FS3) following their treatment with ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid). Experimental results indicated that ethephon treatment of the vegetative shoot of bougainvillea accelerates its shoot maturity and enhances flower formation. The same treatment also increases endogenous ethylene production of the vegetative shoot, subsequently facilitating flower formation in which the endogenous ACC content is lower than that of reproductive shoots (FS1, FS2, and FS3). Moreover, the ethephon treatment of reproductive bougainvillea shoots increases the ACC content beyond that of the vegetative shoot. Therefore, reproductive shoots produced more ethylene than vegetative shoots, subsequently inhibiting the development of flowers or even causing serious abscission of flower buds and leaf. This reveals that the role of ethylene in regulating the flowering control of bougainvillea is bi-directional. Results of this study demonstrate the significance of shoot maturity in the growth and flowering of the bougainvillea in which ethylene plays a major role.
Potted bougainvillea ‘Taipei Red’ in four different stages of bract development were sprayed with 100-800 nL L-1 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene) for 4 h and were moved to low-light indoor conditions after treatment. All of the 1-MCP treatments, especially the 800 nL L-1 treatment, inhibited ethylene production and thereby significantly prolonged the longevity of the bracts during the last bract stages (stages 3 and 4). Conversely, the 1-MCP treatments did not significantly prolong the longevity of bracts at early bract stages (stages 1 and 2). Additionally, treated with 1-MCP, NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid), SNA (sodium salt of naphthaleneacetic acid), IBA (indolebutyric acid), BA (6-benzylaminopurine), Put (diamine putrescine), SA (Salicylic acid), or STS (silver thiosulfate) and were moved to low-light indoor conditions after treatment. Experimental results indicated that 1-MCP, NAA, SNA, BA, Put, SA prolonged bract longevity. In addition, this treatment significantly reduced endogenous ACC content and ACC oxidase activity, suggesting that the inhibition of ethylene production was achieved via physiological metabolism. However, treatment with IBA or KH2PO4 (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) had no effect on the bract longevity at any stage. In the combined chemical treatments, NAA + STS or NAA + SA were effectively for prolonging bract longevity and contained less protein or chlorophyll degradation, decrease ACC oxidase or ethylene production than the control. In conclusion, we propose that combined chemical treatment was significantly prolonged bract longevity and more effectively than single chemical treatment at any stage.
Passion fruit (Passiflora spp.) is a tropical vine crop in the family Passifloraceae. In subtropical and tropical regions, such as the lowlands of Taiwan, passion fruit is grown outdoors, often flowering during the spring and early autumn. Both the growth and flowering of the Taiwan species of passion fruit are inhibited during the winter. The aim of this research was to elucidate the means by which plant growth regulators influence the growth and flowering of passion fruit.
Potted passion fruit ‘Tai-nung No.1’ was sprayed with either silver nitrate (AgNO3) or silver thiosulfate (STS), whereupon it was moved into low temperature conditions (20/15℃). The results showed that treatment with AgNO3 (0.5, 1 mM) or STS (0.5, 1 mM) induced flower formation and formed the first flower buds in all test plants within approximately 2 weeks post treatment. This was true for all tested plants with endogenous ACC content, ACC oxidase and ethylene lower than that of the controls at 20/15℃. The control plants exhibited no flower formation at 20/15℃. Additionally, flower buds were aborted in all treatment plants which were unable to flower successfully. The results showed that following the appearance of flower buds, subjecting the plants to cold stress prevented the full development of flowers, or a reduction in resistance to stress when the plants were still young.
We then treated plants with STS or AgNO3 to induce the formation of flowers under low temperature conditions (20/15 ℃), whereupon the plants were moved to higher temperatures of 25/20℃, in which the flower buds developed well. Reducing the node of first flower bud enabled the full flowering of the buds. Additionally, the maturity of passion fruit shoots also influenced resistance to reduced temperatures. We divided the passion fruit into three stages according to the number of nodes (P1- 5-11 nodes, P2- 12-18 nodes, P3-19-25 nodes) after spraying with 1 mM STS, under low temperature conditions. The results showed that the flower buds of young plant (P1) were all aborted following injury due to chilling. Older plants (P2, P3), with more mature shoots, continued the development of flowers.
Salicylic acid (SA) inhibits the production of ethylene, thereby enhancing resistance to biotic and abiotic stress in the growth and development of plants. Variations in the pH values of SA has a significantly effect the growth of passion fruit. An SA solution of pH 6.5 promoted growth and the formation of passion fruit flowers under low temperature conditions. In contrast, treatment with an SA solution of pH 2.4 resulted in slow growth, and no formation of flower buds. The concentration of SA also influences young plants (P1, 5-11 nodes), which were prompted to form flowers by higher concentrations of SA (>2.5 mM). Old plants (P2, 12-18 nodes) with mature shoots responded only to low concentrations of SA (0.5-2.0 mM) to achieve the formation of flowers. The treatment of passion fruit with SA could help to develop flowering under low temperature conditions; however, flower buds still have a high abortion rate. On the other hand, treatment with SA to induce flower formation under low temperature conditions (20/15 ℃), followed by a shift to higher temperatures (25/20℃) leads to the development of full flowers, with a reduction in the abortion rate of flower buds.

目錄 i
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 ix
縮寫對照表(Abbreviations) xii
中文摘要 1
Abstract 4
第一章 前言 8
參考文獻(Reference) 11
第二章 九重葛前人研究 13
一、九重葛之開花習性 13
二、影響九重葛生長及開花之環境因子 13
(一) 光線 13
1.光週期 13
2.光強度 14
3.光質 15
(二) 光週與溫度的交互作用 15
(三) 水分 15
(四) 限水 15
(五) 拉枝 16
三、影響九重葛生長及開花之內生因子 16
(一) 枝條成熟度 16
(二) 器官(葉片) 16
(三) 同化物的供給與分配 17
(四) 植物營養 17
四、植物生長調節劑對九重葛生長及開花之影響 17
(一) 生長素(Auxin) 18
(二) 細胞分裂素(Cytokinins, CTK) 18
(三) 激勃素(Gibberellins, GA) 18
(四) 離層酸(Abscisic acid, ABA) 18
(五) 乙烯(Ethylene) 19
(六) 生長阻礙劑(Retardents) 19
(七) 其他藥劑 (Other chemical agent) 20
(八) 乙烯抑制劑 (Ethylene action inhibitors) 20
五、生長調節劑與花朵老化之關係 21
(一) 花朵老化與乙烯之關係 21
(二) 乙烯抑制劑對花朵壽命之影響 21
(1) 乙烯抑制劑之種類及使用方式 22
(2) STS對花朵壽命之影響 22
(3) 1-MCP對花朵壽命之影響 23
(三) 生長素與乙烯之關係 23
(四) 細胞分裂素延長花朵壽命 24
(五) 水楊酸與乙烯的關係 24
(六) 多胺類與乙烯的關係 25
參考文獻(Reference) 27
第三章 百香果前人研究 33
一、百香果之開花習性 33
二、影響百香果生長及開花之環境因子 33
(一) 光線對百香果開花之影響 33
(二) 溫度對百香果開花之影響 34
(三) 光線與溫度之交互作用 34
(四) 水份對百香果開花之影響 35
三、影響百香果生長及開花之內生因子 35
(一) 幼年性 35
(二) 自交不親和性 36
(三) 枝條成熟度 36
(四) 器官(葉片) 37
(五) 植物營養 37
(六) 果實 38
四、生長調節劑對百香果生長及開花之影響 38
(一) 細胞分裂素(Cytokinins, CTK) 38
(二) 激勃素(Gibberellins, GA) 39
(三) 乙烯(ethylene) 39
(四) 生長阻礙劑(Retardents) 39
五、水楊酸對植物生理作用之影響 40
(一) 水楊酸之發現 40
(二) 植物水楊酸的生合成路徑 40
(三) 水楊酸對植物之生理效應 40
1. 促進營養生長 40
2. 生熱效應 41
3. 誘導開花 41
4. 抵抗環境逆境 42
5. 提高採後品質 42
6. 誘導抗生物性病害及抗病性 43
參考文獻(Reference) 44
第四章 拉枝對九重葛ACC含量、乙烯、生長及開花之影響 50
摘要(Abstract) 50
一、前言(Introduction) 50
二、材料與方法(Materials and methods) 52
三、結果(Results) 54
四、討論(Discussion) 56
參考文獻(Reference) 65
第五章 乙烯釋放劑對九重葛花芽形成之影響 72
摘要(Abstract) 72
一、前言(Introduction) 72
二、材料與方法(Materials and methods) 74
三、結果(Results) 76
四、討論(Discussion) 77
參考文獻(Reference) 85
第六章 1-MCP對九重葛花朵壽命之影響 90
摘要(Abstract) 90
一、前言(Introduction) 90
二、材料與方法(Materials and methods) 92
三、結果(Results) 94
四、討論(Discussion) 96
參考文獻(Reference) 106
第七章 生長調節劑組合對九重葛花苞壽命之影響 111
摘要(Abstract) 111
一、前言(Introduction) 112
二、材料方法(Materials and Methods) 113
三、結果(Results) 116
四、討論(Discussion) 119
參考文獻(Reference) 134
第八章 銀離子對百香果‘台農1號’生長與花芽形成之影響 140
摘要(Abstract) 140
一、前言(Introduction) 140
二、材料與方法(Materials and Methods) 141
三、結果(Results) 143
四、討論(Discussion) 145
參考文獻(Reference) 152
第九章 移溫處理與乙烯作用抑制劑對百香果‘台農1號’生長及開花之影響 156
一、前言(Introduction) 156
二、材料與方法(Materials and Methods) 157
三、結果(Results) 158
四、討論(Discussion) 160
參考文獻(Reference) 170
第十章 STS對不同株齡百香果‘台農1號’生長及開花之影響 174
摘要(Abstract) 174
一、前言(Introduction) 174
二、材料與方法(Materials and Methods) 175
三、結果(Results) 177
四、討論(Discussion) 179
參考文獻(Reference) 186
第十一章 水楊酸對低溫下不同株齡百香果‘台農1號’生長及花芽形成之影響 189
摘要(Abstract) 189
一、前言(Introduction) 189
二、材料與方法(Materials and Methods) 191
三、結果(Results) 193
四、討論(Discussion) 196
參考文獻(Reference) 210
第十二章 移溫處理與水楊酸對百香果‘台農1號’生長及開花之影響 214
摘要(Abstract) 214
一、前言(Introduction) 214
二、材料與方法(Materials and Methods) 215
三、結果(Results) 216
四、討論(Discussion) 217
參考文獻(Reference) 228
結論(Conclusion) 230
九重葛及百香果開花機制假說 232
附錄(Appendix)……………….……………………………………………………...233
附錄1. ACC含量測定 233
附錄2. 百香果之內生水楊酸層析圖 233

第一章參考文獻(Reference)
李文立. 2005. 百香果. 台灣農家要覽農作篇(二). 財團法人豐年社出版.台北.
p. 103-108.
李文立、王德男. 2007. 百香果栽培管理要點. 園藝之友119: 18-26.
李金龍. 1984. 果樹產期調節之必要性. 果農合作. 442: 19-24.
林瑩達. 1982. 百香果栽培. 農民淺說. 農林廳編印. p. 1-25.
張育森. 1989. 百香果開花習性與花芽形成之研究. 國立台灣大學園藝研究所博士論文.
梁瑞娟. 1995. 遮陰、拉枝及生長調節劑對九重葛開花之影響. 國立台灣大學園藝 研究所碩士論文.
陳蕙菁. 1999. 九重葛扦插繁殖、栽植方式及落花現象之探討與改進. 國立台灣大學園藝研究所碩士論文.
郭能禎. 2001. 植物生長調節劑、枝條成熟度及修剪方式對九重葛生長及開花之影響. 國立台灣大學園藝研究所碩士論文
張育森、郭能禎. 2005. 九重葛. 台灣農家要覽農作篇(二). 財團法人豐年社出版.台北. p. 831-838.
Chang, Y.S. and H.C. Chen. 2001. Variability between silver thiosulfate and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid applications in prolonging bract longevity of potted bougainvillea. Sci. Hortic. 87: 217-224.
Faria, F.L.C. and J. Segura. 1997. In vitro control of adventitious bud differentiation by inorganic medium components and silver thiosulfate in explants of Passiflora edulis f flavicarpa. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant 33: 209-212.
Hackett, W.P. and R.M. Sachs. 1968. Experimental separation of inflorescence development from initiation in Bougainvillea. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 92: 615-621.
Menzel, C.M., D.R. Simpson, and C.W. Winks. 1987. Effect of temperature on growth, flowering and nutrient uptake of three passionfruit cultivars under low irradiance. Sci. Hortic. 31: 259-268.
Nave, N., E. Katz, N. Chayut, S. Gazit, and A. Samach. 2010. Flower development in the passion fruit Passiflora edulis requires a photoperiod-induced systemic graft-transmissible signal. Plant Cell Envir. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02206.x
Sanderson, K.C., W.C. Martin, and R.B. Reed. 1989. Screening growth regulators for control of Plassiflora edulis Sims and P. caerula L. height. HortSci. 24: 157.
Sylvia, M. and M.D. John. 2003. 1-Methylcyclopropene: a review. Postharv. Biol. Technol. 28: 1-25.
Turner, D.W., C.M. Menzel, and D.R. Simpson. 1996. Short term drying of half the root system reduces growth but not water status or photosynthesis in leaves of passionfruit (Passiflora spp.). Sci. Hortic. 65: 25-36.
Van de Poel, B., J. Ceusters, and M.P. De Proft. 2009. Determination of pineapple (Ananas comosus, MD-2 hybrid cultivar) plant maturity, the efficiency of flowering induction agents and the use of activated carbon. Sci. Hortic. 120: 58-63.
第二章參考文獻(Reference)
李炳和、鄭國銘、楊之遠. 1994. 遮陰與土壤水分對九重葛花苞形成之影響. 中華農學會報. 165: 78-94.
吳邦達. 1987. 光期與灌水對九重葛又使苞片成花之影響. 嘉義農專學報16: 19-32.
梁瑞娟. 1995. 遮陰、拉枝及生長調節劑對九重葛開花之影響. 國立台灣大學園藝研究所碩士論文
陳蕙菁. 1999. 九重葛扦插繁殖、栽植’方式及落花現象之探討與改進. 國立台灣大學園藝研究所碩士論文
郭能禎. 2001. 植物生長調節劑、枝條成熟度及修剪方式對九重葛生長及開花之影響. 國立台灣大學園藝研究所碩士論文
張育森、沈再木、侯清利. 1994. 植物生長調節劑在花卉作物上之應用. 台灣花卉園藝. 86: 53-62.
Allard, H.A. 1935. Response of the woody plants Hibiscus syriacus. Malvavicus conzatti and Bougainvillea glabra to day length. J. Agric. Res. 51: 27-34.
Arigita, L., R.S. Tamés, and A. González. 2004. Ethylene biosynthesis and endogenous polyamines in relation to development of in vitro cultured kiwifruit explants. Funct. Plant Biol. 31: 603-609.
Alvarez, I., M.L. Tomaro, and M.P. Benavides. 2003. Changes in polyamines, proline and ethylene in sunflower calluses treated with NaCl. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 74: 51-59.
Bernier, G., J.M. Kinet, and R.S. Sachs. 1981. The physiology of flowering. Vol. I and II, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
Cameron, A.C. and M.S. Reid. 1983. Use of silver thiosulfate to prevent flower abscission from potted plants. Sci. Hortic. 19: 373-378.
Chang, Y.S. and H.C. Chen. 2001. Variability between silver thiosulfate and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid applications in prolonging bract longevity of potted bougainvillea. Sci. Hortic. 87: 217-224.
Da Rocha Batista, R.J., J.A.S. Grossi, J.I.R. Junior, and F.L. Finger. 2009. Rose flower longevity in response to ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). Acta Hortic. 847: 363-368.
Dal Cin, V., M. Danesin, A. Botton, A. Boschetti, A. Dorigoni, and A. Ramina. 2008. Ethylene and preharvest drop: the effect of AVG and NAA on fruit abscission in apple (Malus domestica L. Borkh). Plant Growth Regul. 56: 317-325.
Dole, J.H. and H.F. Wilkins. 1999. Floriculture. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, p. 235-235.
Elgar, H.J., A.B. Woolf, R.L. Bieleski. 1999. Ethylene production by three lily species and their response to ethylene exposure. Postharv. Biol. Technol. 16: 257-267.
Friedman, H., S. Meir, A.H. Halevy, and S. Philosoph-Hadas. 2003. Inhibition of the gravitropic bending response of flowering shoots by salicylic acid. Plant Sci. 165: 905-911.
Fuhrer, J., R. Kaur-Sawhney, M.S. Liu, and A.W. Galston. 1982. Effects of exogenous 1, 3-diaminopropane and spermidine on senescence of oat leaves. Plant Physiol. 70: 1597-1600.
Gago, C.M.L., J.A. Monteiro, and M.H. Rodrigues. 2001. Bougainvillea post-production: NAA and STS control of bract abscission is subject to exogenous ethylene. Acta Hortic. 543: 47-51.
Hackett, W.P. 1985. Juvenility, maturation and rejuvenation in woody plant. Hort. Rev. 7: 109-155.
Hackett, W.P. and R.M. Sachs. 1966. Flowering in Bougainvilllea ‘San Diego Red’. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 88: 606-612.
Hackett, W.P. and R.M. Sachs. 1967. Chemical control of flowering in Bougainvilllea ‘San Diego Red’. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 90: 361-364.
Hackett, W.P. and R.M. Sachs. 1968. Experimental separation of inflorescence development from initiation in Bougainvillea. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 92: 615-621.
Hackett, W.P., R.M. Sachs, and J. DeBie. 1972. Growing Bougainvillea as a flowering pot plant. Calif. Agric. 26: 12-13.
Halevy, A.H. and A.M. Kofranek. 1976. The prevention of lower bud and leaf abscission in pot roses during simulated transport. J. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 101: 658-660.
Goszczynska, D. and R.M. Rudnickl. 1982. Long-term storage of carnation cut at the green-bud stage. Sci. Hortic. 17: 289-297.
Kieber, J. 2002. Ethylene: the gaseous hormone, p. 519-538. In: Taiz, L. and E. Zeiger (eds.). Plant Physiology, 3rd edn. Sinauer associates, Sunderlands, MA.
Lee, M.M., S.H. Lee, and K.Y. Park. 1997. Effects of spermine on ethylene biosynthesis in cut carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) flowers during senescence. J. Plant Physiol. 151: 68-73.
Lee, A.K., S.R. Rhee, J.K. Suh, and H.C. Cha. 2005. Development of floral organ and physiochemical changes of cut Iris Hollandica ‘Blue Magic’ according to plant growth regulators and storage temperature. Acta Hortic. 673: 315-321.
Liu, J.H., C. Honda, and T. Moriguchi. 2006. Involvement of polyamine in floral and fruit development. 40: 51-58.
Macnish, A.J., C.Z. Jiang, and M.S. Reid. 2010a. Treatment with thidiazuron improves opening and vase life of iris flowers. Postharv. Biol. Technol. 56: 77-84.
Macnish, A.J., R.T. Leonard, A.M. Borda, and T.A. Nell. 2010b. Genotypic variation in the postharvest performance and ethylene sensitivity of cut rose flowers. HortSci. 45: 790-796.
Magid, R.M., T.C. Clarke, and C.D. Duncan. 1970. An efficient and convenient synthesis of 1-methylcyclopropene. J. Org. Chem. 36: 1320-1321.
Mor, Y., H. Spiegelstein, and A.H. Halevy. 1983. Inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis in carnation petals by cytokinin. Plant Physiol. 71:541-546.
Morgan, P.W. 1984. Is ethylene the natural regulator of abscission? p. 231-240. In: Fuchs, Y. and E. Chalutz (eds.). Ethylene, Biochemical, Physiological and Applied Aspects, Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, Netherlands.
Murphy, a. 2002. Auxin: The growth hormone, p. 423-460. In: Taiz, L. and E. Zeiger (eds.). Plant Physiology, 3rd edn. Sinauer associates, Sunderlands, MA.
Nagao, M.A. and W.S. Sakai. 1985. Effects of growth regulators on abscission of young macadamia fruit. J. Amer. Sco. Hortic. Sci. 110: 654-657.
Norcini, J.G. 1993. How to grow a great Bougainvillea. Grower Talks 62: 62-64.
Norcini, J.G. and J.H. Aldrich. 1994. Flowering response of Bougainvillea cultivars to dikegulac. HortSci. 29: 282-284.
Norcini, J.G., J.M. McDowell, and J.H. Aldrich. 1992. Effect of dikegulac on flowering and growth of Bougainvillea ‘Rainbow Gold’. HortSci. 28: 119-121.
Nowak, J. and K. Mynett. 1985. The effect of sucrose, silver thiosulphate and 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate on the quality of lilium inflorescences cut at bud stage and stored at low temperature. Sci. Hortic. 25: 299-302.
Nowak, J. and R.M. Rudnicki. 1990. Postharvest handling and storage of cut flowers, florist greens and potted plants. Timber Press Portland, Oregan.
Ramina, A., W.P. Hackett, and R.M. Sachs. 1979. Flowering in Bougainvillea a function of assimilate supply and nutrition diversion. Plant Physiol. 64: 810-813.
Richards, D. and R.I. Wilkinson. 1984. Effect of manual pinching, potting-on and cytokinins on branching and flowering of Camellia, Rhododendron and Rosa. Sci. Hortic. 23: 75-83.
Romani, R.J., V.M. Hess, and C.A. Leslie. 1989. Salicylic acid inhibition of ethylene production by apple discs and other plant tissues. J. Plant Growth Regul. 8: 62-69.
Saifuddin, M., A.B.M.S. Hossain, N. Osman, and K.M. Moneruzzaman. 2009a. Bract size enlargement and longevity of Bougainvillea spectabilis as affected by GA, and phloemic stress. Asian J. Plant Sci. 8: 212-217.
Saifuddin, M., A.B.M.S. Hossain, N. Osman, A.N. Boyce and K.M. Moneruzzaman. 2009b. The effects of naphthaleneacetic acid and Gibberellic acid in prolonging bract longevity and delaying discoloration of Bougainvillea spectabitis. Biotechnol. 8: 343-350.
Saifuddin, M., A.B.M.S. Hossain, and N. Osman. 2010. Impacts of shading on flower formation and longevity, leaf chlorophyll and growth of Bougainvillea glabra. Asian J. Plant Sci. 9: 20-27.
Serek, M. and A.S. Andersen. 1993. AOA and BA influence on floral development and longevity of potted ‘Victory Parade’ miniature rose. HortSci. 28: 1039-1040.
Serek, M. and M.S. Reid. 1994. A volatile ethylene inhibitor improves the postharvest life of potted roses. J. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 119: 572-577.
Serek, M., E.C. Sisler, and M.S. Reid. 1994. Novel gaseous ethylene binding inhibitor prevents ethylene effects in potted flowering plants. J. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 119: 1230-1233.
Shanks, J.B. and C.B. Link. 1968. Some factors affecting growth and flower initiation of greenhouse azalea. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 92: 603-614.
Sisler, E.C., M.E. Serek, E. Dupille, and R. Goren. 1999. Inhibition of ethylene responses by 1-methylcyclopropene and 3-Methylcyclopropene. Plant Growth Regul. 27: 105-111.
Srivastava, M.K. and U.N. Dwivedi. 2000. Delayed ripening of banana fruit by salicylic acid. Plant Sci. 158: 87-96.
Steffen, J.D., R.M. Sachs, and W.P. Hackett. 1988. Growth and decelopment of reproductive and vegetative tissues of Bougainvillea cultured in vitro as a function of carbohydrate. Amer. J. Bot. 75: 1219-1224.
Sun, Y., B. Christensen, F. Liu, H. Wang, and Renate Müller. 2009. Effects of ethylene and 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene) on bud and flower drop in mini Phalaenopsis cultivars. Plant Growth Regul. 59: 83-91.
Sylvia, M. and M.D. John. 2003. 1-Methylcyclopropene: a review. Postharv. Biol. Technol. 28: 1-25.
Torrigiani, P., A.M. Bregoli, V. Ziosi, S. Scaramagli, T. Ciriaci, A. Rasori, S. Biondi, and G. Costa. 2004. Pre-harvest polyamine and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) applications modulate fruit ripening in Stark Red Gold nectarines (Prunus persica L. Batsch). Postharv. Biol. Technol. 33: 293-308.
Tse, A.T.Y., A. Ramina, W.P. Hackett, and R.M. Sachs. 1974. Enhanced inflorescence development in bougainvillea ‘San Diego Red’ by removal of young leaves and cytokinin treatments. Plant physiol. 54: 404-407.
Tucker, D.J. 1977. Hormonal regulation of lateral bud outgrowth in the tomato. Plant Sci. Letters 8: 105-111.
William, E. 1977. Role of cytokinins in carnation flower senescence. Plant Physiol. 59: 707-709.
Yuan, R. and D.H. Carbaugh. 2007. Effects of NAA, AVG, and 1-MCP on ethylene biosynthesis, preharvest fruit drop, fruit maturity, and quality of ''Golden Supreme'' and ''Golden Delicious'' apples. HortSci. 42: 101-105.
Zeddy, K., C.E. Sisler, T. Winkelmann, and M. Serek. 2003. Efficacy of new inhibitors of ethylene perception in improvement of display life of kalanchoe (Kalanchoe blossfeladiana Poelln.) flowers. Postharv. Biol. Technol. 30: 169-176.
Zhang, Y., K. Chan, S. Zhang, and I. Ferguson. 2003. The role of salicylic acid in postharvest ripening of kiwifruit. Posthav. Biol. Technol. 28: 67-74.
第三章參考文獻(Reference)
李文立. 2005. 百香果. 台灣農家要覽農作篇(二). 財團法人豐年社出版.台北. p. 103-108.
李文立、林榮貴. 2008. 百香果的栽培管理. 農業試驗所技術服務. 74: 4-8.
宋馥華. 2005. 玉蘭花開花習性與花期調節之研究. 國立台灣大學園藝研究所博士論文.
余迪求、岑川、楊明蘭、李寶健. 1999. 水楊酸誘導煙草培養細胞的脂質過氧化和保護基因表達的研究. 植物學報. 41: 977-983.
岳東霞、張要武、莊勇、張金林. 2003. 水楊酸對黃瓜植株抗病酶系和白粉病抗性的誘導作用. 河北農業大學學報. 26: 14-17.
柯勇. 2002. 植物生理學. 藝軒圖書出版社. 台北.
張育森. 1989. 百香果開花習性與花芽形成之研究. 國立台灣大學園藝研究所博士論文.
蕭裕生、張喜寧. 2001. 誘導植物防疫功能的生化調控. 科學農業. 49: 64-69.
Akamine, E.K., J.H. Beaumont, F.A.I. Bowers, R.A. Hamilton, T. Nishida, G.D. Sherman, K. Shoji, W.B. Storey, W.W.J. Yee, T. Onsdroff, and T.N. Shaw. 1956. Passion fruit culture in Hawaii. Coll. Agr. Univ. Hawaii Eztension Circ. 345: 1-26.
Arjona, H.E. and F.B. Matta. 1991. Postharvest quality of passionfruit as influenced by harvest time and ethylene treatment. HortSci. 26: 1297-1298.
Baker, B., P. Zambryski, B. Staskawicz, and S.P. Dinesh-Kumar.1997. Signaling in plant-microbe interactions. Science 276: 726-733.
Bruckner, C.H., V.W.D. Casali, C.F. de Moraes, A.J. Regazzi, and E.A.M. da Silva. 1995. Self-incompatibility in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sim.). Acta. Hortic. 370: 45-54.
Chen, W.S. 1987. Endogenous growth substances in relation to shoot growth and flower bud development of mango. J. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 112: 360-363.
Dat, J.F., H. Lopez-Delgado, C.H. Foyer, and I.M. Scott. 1998. Parallel changes in H2O2 and catalase during thermotolerance induced by salicylic acid or heat acclimation in mustard seedlings. Plant Physiol. 116: 1351-1357.
Davies, P.J. 2002. Gibberellins: regulators of plant height, p. 461-492. In: Taiz, L. and E. Zeiger (eds.). Plant Physiology, 3rd edn. Sinauer associates, Sunderlands, MA.
Dornelas, M.C. and M.L.C. Vieira. 1993. Plant regeneration from protoplast cultures of Passiflora edulis var. flavicarpa Deg., P. and P. cincinnata Mast. Plant Cell Rep. 13: 103-106.
Dozier, Jr. W.A., R. Rodriguez-Kabana, A.W. Caylor, D.G. Himelrick, N.R. McDaniel, and J.A. McGuire. 1991. Ethephon hastens maturity of passionfruit grown as an annual in a temperate zone. HortSci. 26: 146-147.
Ervin, E.H., X. Zhang, and J.H. Fike. 2004. Ultraviolet-B radiation damage on kentucky bluegrass II hormone supplement effects. HortSci. 36: 1471-1474.
Ervin, E.H., X. Zhang, and R.E. Schmidt. 2005. Exogenous salicylic acid enhances post-transplant success of heated kentucky bluegeass and tall fescue sod. Crop Sci. 45: 240-244.
Friedman, H., S. Meir, A.H. Halevy, and S. Philosoph-Hadas. 2003. Inhibition of the gravitropic bending response of flowering shoots by salicylic acid. Plant Sci. 165: 905-911.
Gutierrez-Coronado, M.H., C. Trejo-Lopez, and A. Larque-Saavedra. 1998. Effects of salicylic acid on the growth of roots and shoots in soybean. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 36: 563-565.
Hatayama, T. and K. Takeno. 2003. The metabolic pathway of salicylic acid rather than of chlorogenic acid is involved in the stress-induced flowering of Pharbitis nil. J. Plant Physiol. 160: 461-467.
Hayat, S., B. Ali, and A. Ahmad. 2007. Salicylic acid:biosynthesis, metabolism and physiological role in plants, p.1-14. In: Hayat, S. and A. Ahmad (eds.). Salicylic acid-a plant hormone, Springer Press, Netherlands.
Hayat, Q., S. Hayat, M. Irfan, and A. Ahmad. 2010. Effect of exogenous salicylic acid under changing environment: a review. Envir. Experi. Bot. 68: 14-25.
Khurana, J.P. and C.F. Cleland. 1992. Role of salicylic acid and benzoic acid in flowering of a photoperiod-insensitive strain, Lemna paucicostata (LP6). Plant Physiol. 100: 1541-1546.
Letchamo, W., H.L. Xu, B. Desroches, and A. Gosselin. 1993. Effect of nutrient solution concentration on photosynthesis, growth, and content of the active substances of passionfruit. J. Plant Nutri. 16: 2521-2537.
Lombardi, S.P., I.R. da Silva Passos, M.C.S. Nogueira, and B. Appezzato-da-Glória. 2007. In vitro shoot regeneration from roots and leaf discs of Passiflora cincinnata Mast. Braz. Arch. Bio. Technol. 50: 239-247.
Martin-Mex, R., E. Villanueva-Couoh and T. Herrera-Campos, and A. Larque-Saavedra. 2005. Positive effect of salicylates on the flowering of African violet. Sci. Hortic. 103: 499-502.
Meinke, H. and A. Karnatz. 1990. Influence of air and soil temperature on grafted and self-rooted Passiflora hybrids. Sci. Hortic. 43: 237-246.
Menzel, C.M. and D.R. Simpson. 1988. Effect of continuous shading on growth, flowering and nutrient uptake of passionfruit. Sci. Hortic. 35: 77-88.
Menzel, C.M., D.R. Simpson, and A.J. Dowling. 1986a. Water relations in passionfruit: effect of moisture stress on growth, flowering and nutrient uptake.
Sci. Hortic. 29: 239-249.
Menzel, C.M., D.R. Simpson, and G.H. Price. 1986b. Effects of foliar-applied nitrogen during winter on growth, nitrogen content and production of passionfruit. Sci. Hortic. 28: 339-346.
Menzel, C.M., D.R. Simpson, and C.W. Winks. 1987. Effect of temperature on growth, flowering and nutrient uptake of three passionfruit cultivars under low irradiance. Sci. Hortic. 31: 259-268.
Menzel, C.M., D.W. Turner, V.J. Doogan, and D.R. Simpson. 1994. Root shoot interaction in passionfruit under the influence of changing root volume and soil temperature. J. Hortic. Sci. 69: 553-564.
Monteiro, A.C.B. de. A., E.N. Higashu, A.N.G. Alves, and A.P.M. Rodriguez. 2000. A novel approach for the definition of the inorganic medium components for micropropagation of yellow passionfruit (Passiflora edulis Sim. f. flavicarpa Deg.). In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant 36: 527-531.
Nave, N., E. Katz, N. Chayut, S. Gazit, and A. Samach. 2010. Flower development in the passion fruit Passiflora edulis requires a photoperiod-induced systemic graft-transmissible signal. Plant Cell Envir. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02206.x
Popova, L., T. Pancheva, and A. Uzunova. 1997. Salicylic acid: properties, biosynthesis and physiological role. Bulg. J. Plant Physiol. 23: 85-93.
Rao, M.V. and K.R. Davis. 1999. Ozone-induced cell death occurs via two distinct mechanisms in Arabidopsis: the role of salicylic acid. Plant J. 17: 603-614.
Raskin, I. 1992. Salicylate, a new plant hormone. Plant Physiol. 99: 799-803.
Raskin, I., I.M. Turnert, and W.R. Melander. 1989. Regulation of heat production in the inflorescences of an arum lily by endogenous salicylic acid. Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. 86: 2214-2218.
Raskin, I., H. Skubatz, W. Tang, and B.J.D. Meeuse. 1990. Salicylic acid levels in thermogenic and nonthermogenic plants. Ann. Bot. 66: 376-383.
Reis, L.B., V.B. Paiva Neto, E.A.T. Picoli, M.G.C. Costa, M.M. Reso, C.R. Carvalho, F.L. Finger, and W.C. Otoni. 2003. Axillary bud fevelopment of passionfruit as affected by ethylene precursor and inhibitors. In vitro cell Dev. Biol. 39: 618-622.
Salisbury, F.B. 1982. Photoperiodism. Hort. Rev. 4: 66-105.
Sanderson, K.C., W.C. Martin, Jr., and R.B. Reed. 1989. Screening growth regulators for control of Plassiflora edulis Sims and P. caerula L. Height. HortSci. 24: 157.
Scorza, R. and J. Janick. 1980. In vitro flowering of Passiflora suberosa L. J. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 105: 892-897.
Shah, J. 2003. The salicylic acid loop in plant defense. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 6: 365-371.
Shirasu, K., H. Nakajima, K. Rajashekar, R.A. Dixon, and C. Lamb. 1997. Salicylic acid potentiates an agonist-dependent gain control that amplifies pathogen signals in the activation of defense mechanisms. Plant Cell 9: 261-270.
Simon, P. and A. Karnatz. 1983. Effect of soil and air temperature on growth and flower formation of purple passionfruit (Passiflora edulis Sims var. edulis). Acta Hortic. 139: 83-90.
Srivastava, M.K. and U.N. Dwivedi. 2000. Delayed ripening of banana fruit by salicylic acid. Plant Sci. 158: 87-96.
Staveley, G.W. and B.N. Wolstenholme. 1990. Effect of water stress on growth and flowering of Passiflora edulis Sims. grafted to P. Caerulea L. Acta Hortic. 275: 551-557.
Suassuna, T. de M.F., C.H. Bruckner, C.R. de Carvalho, and A. Borem. 2003. Self-incompatibility in passionfruit: evidence of gametophytic-sporophytic control. Theor. Appl. Genet. 106: 298-302.
Tasgim, E., O. Atici, and B. Nalbantoglu. 2003. Effects of salicylic acid and cold on freezing tolerance in winter wheat leaves. Plant Growth Regul. 41: 231-236.
Turner, D.W., C.M. Menzel, and D.R. Simpson. 1996. Short term drying of half the root system reduces growth but not water status or photosynthesis in leaves of passionfruit (Passiflora spp.). Sci. Hortic. 65: 25-36.
Ulmer, T. and J.M. MacDougal. 2004. Passiflora: passionflowers of the world, p. 32-45. Timber press, China.
Utsunomiya, N. 1992. Effect of temperature on shoot growth, flowering and fruit growth of purple passionfruit (Passiflora edulis var. edulis). Sci. Hortic. 52: 63-68.
Watson, D.P. and F.A.I. Bowers. 1965. Long days produce flowers on passionfruit. Hawaii Farm Sci. 14: 3-5.
Whiley, A.W., P.A. Hargreaves, K.G. Pegg, V.J. Doogan, L.J. Ruddle, J.B. Saranah, and P.W. Langdon. 1995. Changing sink strengths influence translocation of phosphonate in avocado (Persea americana Mill.) trees. Aust. J. Agri. Res. 46: 1079-1090.
Yang, Y., M. Qi, and C. Mei. 2004. Endogenous salicylic acid protects rice plants from oxidative damage caused by aging as well as biotic and abiotic stress. Plant J. 40: 909-919.
Yonemoto, Y. and T. Ogata. 2008. Improvement of artificial medium for passionfruit pollen germination. Acta Hortic. 787: 155-158.
Zhang, Y., K.S. Chang, Q.J. Chang, S.L. Zhang, and Y.P. Ren. 2003. Effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and ethylene treatments on ripening and softening of postharvest kiwifruit. Acta Bot. Sin. 45: 1447-1452.
第四章參考文獻(Reference)
宋馥華. 2005. 玉蘭花開花習性與花期調節之研究. 國立台灣大學園藝研究所博士論文.
Adams, D.O. and S.F. Yang. 1979. Ethylene biosynthesis: identification of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid as an intermediate in the conversion of methionine to ethylene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76: 170-174.
Allard, H.A. 1935. Response of the woody plants Hibiscus syriacus. Malvavicus conzatti and Bougainvillea glabra to day length. J. Agric. Res. 51: 27-34.
Bangerth, F. 1990. Polar auxin transport in fruit trees in relation to fruit drop. Acta Hortic. 275: 461-468.
Bangerth, F. 1993. Polar auxin transport as a signal in the regulation of tree and fruit development. Acta Hortic. 329: 70-76.
Bangerth, F. 1994. Response of cytokinin concentration in the xylem exudate of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants to decapitation and auxin treatment, and relationship to apical dominance. Planta 194: 439-442.
Banno, K., S. Hayashi, and K. Tanabe. 1985. Effect of SADH and shoot-bending on flower bud formation, nutrient components and endogenous growth regulators in Japanese pear (Pyrus serotina Rehd). J. Japan. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 53: 365-376.
Botha, M.L., C.S. Whitehead, and A.H. Halevy. 1998. Effect of octanoic acid on ethylene-mediated flower induction in Dutch iris. Plant Growth Regul. 25: 47-51.
Cameron, A.C., Calfe-nton, Y. Yu, D. Adams, and S. Yang. 1979. Increased production of ethylene by plant tissues treated with l-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid. HortSci. 14: 178-180.
Chacko, E.K., R.R. Kohli, R.D. Swamy, and G.S. Randhawa. 1974.Effect of 2-chloroethyl phosphornic acid (Ethephon, CEPA) on flower induction in juvenile mango (Mangifera indica L.) seedling. Physiol. Plant. 32: 188-190.
Cherian, K.A., S. Beena, and S. Padiyath. 2004. Flower blight of Bougainvillea glabra Choisy. J. Mycol. Plant Pathol. 34: 160-161.
Cline, M.G. 1991. Apical dominance. Bot. Rev. 57: 318-358.
Criley, R.A. 1977. Year around flowering of double Bougainvillea: effect of daylength and growth retardants. J. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 102: 775-778.
Dathe, W. 1992. Effects of jasmonic acid and ethephon on tillering to maturity in spring barley. Ann. Bot. 69: 237-241.
Friedman, H., S. Meir, A.H. Halevy, and S. Philosoph-Hadas. 2003. Inhibition of the gravitropic bending response of flowering shoots by salicylic acid. Plant Sci. 165: 905-911.
Hackett, W.P. and R.M. Sachs. 1966. Flowering in Bougainvilllea ‘San Diego Red’. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 88: 606-612.
Hackett, W.P. and R.M. Sachs. 1967. Chemical control of flowering in Bougainvilllea ‘San Diego Red’. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 90: 361-364.
Hackett, W.P. and R.M. Sachs. 1968. Experimental separation of inflorescence development from initiation in Bougainvillea. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 92: 615-621.
Halevy, A.H. 1969. Recent advances in chemical growth regulation on ornamental plants. Acta Hortic. 15: 143-146.
Hampson, C.R., H.A. Quamme, F. Kappel, and R.T. Brownlee. 2004. Varying density with constant rectangularity. I. Effects on apple tree growth and light interception in three training systems over ten years. HortSci. 39: 501-506.
Henrard, G. 1976. Automatic irrigation by the Chapin system. Its application to pot plant culture of Bougainvillea glabra, Euphorbia pulcherrima and Stephanotis floribunda. Bulletin des Recherches Agronomiques de Gembloux 11: 135-148. (in French, with English summary)
Hosokawa, Z., L. Shi, T.K. Prasad, and M.G. Cline. 1990. Apical dominance control in Ipomoea nil: The influence of the shoot apex leaves and stem. Ann. Bot. 65: 547-556.
Imanishi, H. and D. Yue. 1986. Effects of duration of exposure to ethylene on flowering of Dutch iris. Acta Hortic. 177: 141-145.
Imanishi, H., A.H. Halevy, A.M. Kofranek, S. Han, and M.S. Reid. 1994. Respiration and carbohydrate changes during ethylene mediated flower induction in Dutch iris. Sci. Hortic. 59: 275-284.
Ito, A., H. Yaegaki, H. Hayama, I. Yamaguchi, S. Kusaba, and H. Yoshioka. 1999. Bending shoots stimulates flowering and influences hormone levels in lateral buds of Japanese pear. HortSci. 34: 1224-1228.
Ito, A., H. Hayama, and H. Yoshioka. 2001. The effect of shoot-bending on the amount of diffusible indole-3-acetic acid and its transport in shoots of Japanese pear. Plant Growth Regul. 34: 151-158.
Ito, A., H. Yoshioka, H. Hayama, and Y. Kashimura. 2004.Effect of shoot bending on endogenous auxin and cytokinin levels in buds, and its possible relationship to flower bud formation in Japanese pear. Acta Hortic. 653: 57-62.
Kende, H. 1993. Ethylene biosynthesis. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 44: 283-307.
Kende, H. and J. Zeevaart. 1997. The five classical plant hormones. Plant Cell 9: 1197-1210.
Kieber, J. 2002. Ethylene: the gaseous hormone, p. 519-538. In: Taiz, L. and E. Zeiger (eds.). Plant Physiology, 3rd edn. Sinauer associates, Sunderlands, MA.
Kim, S.H. and J.H. Lieth. 2004. Effect of shoot-bending on productivity and economic value estimation of cut-flower roses grown in Coir and UC Mix. Sci. Hortic. 99: 331-343.
Kim, S.H., K.A. Shackel, and J.H. Lieth. 2004. Bending alters water balance and reduces photosynthesis of rose shoots. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 129: 896-901.
King, R.A. and J. van Staden. 1987. The metabolism of N6-(D2-isopentenyl)[3H] adenine by isolated organs of Pisum sativum. J. Plant Physiol. 131: 181-190.
Kitazawa, D., Y. Miyazawa, N. Fujii, A. Hoshino, S. Iida, E. Nitasaka, and H. Takahashi. 2008. The gravity-regulated growth of axillary buds is mediated by a mechanism different from decapitation-induced release. Plant Cell Physiol. 49: 891-900.
Kool, M.T.N. and E.F.A. Lenssen. 1997. Basal-shoot formation in young rose plants: effects of bending practices and plant density. J. Hortic. Sci. 72: 635-644.
Leopoid, A.C., K.M. Brown, and F.H. Emerson. 1972. Ethylene in the wood of stressed tress. HortSci. 7: 175.
Lizada, M.C.C. and S.F. Yang. 1979. A simple and sensitive assay for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid. Anal. Biochem. 100: 140-145.
Masuda, M. and T. Asahira. 1981. Effects of various gaseous compounds and respiratory inhibitors on breaking dormancy of freesia corms. Sci. Hortic. 15: 373-381.
McGarvey, D.J., R. Sirevag, and R.E. Christoffersen. 1992. Ripening-related gene from avocado fruit. Ethylene inducible expression of the mRNA and polypeptide. Plant Physiol. 98: 554-559.
Meilan, R. 1997. Floral induction in woody angiosperms. New Forests 14: 179-202.
Meier-Dinkel. A. and J. Kleinschmidt. 1990. Aging in tree species: present knowledge, p.5l-63. In: Rodriguez, R. et al. (eds.). Plant aging: basic and applied principles. Plenum Press, New York.
Mor, Y. and N. Zieslin. 1987. Plant growth regulators in rose plants. Hortic. Rev. 9: 53-72.
Naor, A., M. Flaishman, R. Stern, A. Moshe, and A. Erez. 2003. Temperature effects on dormancy completion of vegetative buds in apple. J. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 128: 636-641.
Norcini, J.G. 1993. How to grow a great Bougainvillea. Grower Talks 62: 62-64.
Norcini, J.G. and J.H. Aldrich. 1994. Flowering response of Bougainvillea cultivars to dikegulac. HortSci. 29: 282-284.
Norcini, J.G., J.M. McDowell, and J.H. Aldrich. 1992. Effect of dikegulac on flowering and growth of Bougainvillea ‘Rainbow Gold’. HortSci. 28: 119-121.
Prasad, T.K. and M.G. Cline. 1985. Mechanical perturbation-induced ethylene release apical dominance in Pharbitis nil by restricting shoot growth. Plant Sci. 41: 217-222.
Prasad, T.K., Z. Hosokawa, and M.G. Cline. 1989. Shoot inversion-induced ethylene production: a general phenomenon. J. Plant Growth Regul. 8: 71-77.
Ramina, A., W.P. Hackett, and R.M. Sachs. 1979. Flowering in Bougainvillea a function of assimilate supply and nutrition diversion. Plant Physiol. 64: 810-813.
Reid, M.S. 1987. Ethylene in plant growth, development and senescence, p. 257-279. In: Davies, P.J. (ed.). Plant Hormones and their role in plant growth and development. Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht.
Robitaille, H.A. and A.C. Leopold. 1974. Ethylene and the regulation of apple stem growth under stress. Physiol. Plant 32: 301-304.
Robbie, F.A., C.J. Atkinson, J.N. Knight, and K.G. Moore. 1993. Branch orientation as a factor determining fruit set in apple trees. J. Hortic. Sci. Bio. 68: 317-335.
Sachs, R.M. 1977. Nutrient diversion: an hypothesis to explain the chemical control of flowering. HortSci. 12: 220-222.
Sachs, T. 1993. The role of auxin in plant organization. Acta Hortic. 329: 162-168.
Sanyal, D. and F. Bangerth. 1998. Stress induced ethylene evolution and its possible relationship to auxin-transport, cytokinin levels, and flower bud induction in shoots of apple seedlings and bearing apple trees. Plant Growth Regul. 24: 127-134.
Steed, C.L., L.K. Taylor, and M.A. Harrison. 2004. Red light regulation of ethylene biosynthesis and gravitropism in etiolated pea stems. Plant Growth Regul. 43: 117-125.
Subhadrabandhu, S. and K.D. Adulsak. 1987. Effect of ethephon on flowering of two lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cultivars. Acta Hortic. 201: 181-186.
Theologis, A. 1992. One rotten apple spoils the whole bushel: the role of ethylene in fruit ripening. Cell 70: 181-184.
Thunyarpar, T. 1998. Physiological aspects on flowering of lychee and longan: a review. J. Japan. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 67: 1161-1163.
Tse, A.T.Y., A. Ramina, W.P. Hackett, and R.M. Sachs. 1974. Enhanced inflorescence development in bougainvillea ‘San Diego Red’ by removal of young leaves and cytokinin treatments. Plant Physiol. 54: 404-407.
Tsujikawa, T., T. Ichii, T. Nakanishi, T. Ozaki, and Y. Kawai. 1990. In vitro flowering of Japanese pear and the effect of GA4+7. Sci. Hortic. 41: 233-245.
Wallerstein, I. and W. Runger. 1985. Hydragea macrophylla, p. 286-288. In: Halevy, A.E. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Flowering, Vol. III. CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, Florida.
Wareing, P. 1970. Growth and its co-ordination in trees, p. 1-21. In: Luckwill, L.C. and C.V. Cutting (eds.). Physiology of tree crops. Academic Press, London.
Wheeler, R.M., R.G. White, and F.B. Salisbury.1986. Gravitropism in higher plant shoots. Plant Physiol. 82: 534-542.
Wheeler, R.M., B.V. Peterson, J.C. Sager, and W.M. Knott. 1996. Ethylene production by plans in a closed environment. Adv. Space Res. 18: 193-196.
Yang, S.F. and N.E. Hoffman. 1984. Ethylene biosynthesis and its regulation in higher plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 35: 155-189.
第五章參考文獻(Reference)
Botella, J.R., A.S. Cavallaro, and C.I. Cazzonelli. 2000. Towards the production of transgenic pineapple to control flowering and ripening. Acta Hortic. 529: 115-122.
Botha, M.L., C.S. Whitehead, and A.H. Halevy. 1998. Effect of octanoic acid on ethylene-mediated flower induction in Dutch iris. Plant Growth Regul. 25: 47-51.
Cameron, A.C. and M.S. Reid. 2001. 1-MCP blocks ethylene-induced petal abscission of Pelargonium peltatum but the effect is transient. Postharv. Biol. Technol. 22: 169-177.
Chang, Y.S. and H.C. Chen. 2001. Variability between silver thiosulfate and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid applications in prolonging bract longevity of potted bougainvillea. Sci. Hortic. 87: 217-224.
Criley, R.A. 1977. Year around flowering of double Bougainvillea: effect of daylength and growth retardants. J. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 102: 775-778.
Da Rocha Batista, R.J., J.A.S. Grossi, J.I. Ribeiro Junior, and F.L. Finger. 2009. Rose flower longevity in response to ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). Acta Hortic. 847: 363-368.
Dathe, W. 1992. Effects of jasmonic acid and ethephon on tillering to maturity in spring barley. Ann. Bot. 69: 237-241.
Day, M.E., M.S. Greenwood, and C. Diaz-sala. 2002. Age and size related trends in woody plant shoot development: regulatory pathways and evidence for genetic control. Tree Physiol. 22: 507-513.
Hackett, W.P. and R.M. Sachs. 1966. Flowering in Bougainvilllea ‘San Diego Red’. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 88: 606-612.
Hackett, W.P. and R.M. Sachs. 1967. Chemical control of flowering in Bougainvilllea ‘San Diego Red’. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 90: 361-364.
Hackett, W.P. and R.M. Sachs. 1968. Experimental separation of inflorescence development from initiation in Bougainvillea. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 92: 615-621.
Hackett, W.P., R.M. Sachs, and J. DeBie. 1972. Growing bougainvillea as a flowering pot plant. Florist Rev. 150: 56-57.
Halevy, A.H. 1995. The use of plant bioregulators in ornamental crops. Acta Hortic. 394: 37-43.
Henrard, G. 1976. Automatic irrigation by the Chapin system. Its application to pot plant culture of Bougainvillea glabra, Euphorbia pulcherrima and Stephanotis floribunda. Bulletin des Recherches Agronomiques de Gembloux. 11: 135-148. (in French, with an English summary)
Imanishi, H., A.H. Halevy, A.M. Kofranek, S. Han, and M.S. Reid. 1994. Respiration and carbohydrate changes during ethylene mediated flower induction in Dutch iris. Sci. Hortic. 59: 275-284.
Khan, N.A. 2005. The influence of exogenous ethylene on growth and photosynthesis of mustard (Brassica juncea) following defoliation. Sci. Hortic. 105: 499-505.
Li, R., M.J.A. Werger, H. de Kroon, H.J. During, and Z.C. Zhong. 2000. Interactions between shoot age structure, nutrient availability and physiological integration in the giant bamboo Phyllostachys pubescens. Plant Biol. 2: 437-446.
Lin, C.S., C.C. Lin, and W.C. Chang. 2005. Shoot regeneration, re-flowering and post flowering survival in bamboo inflorescence culture. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 82: 243-249.
Liu, F.Y. and Y.S. Chang. 2011. Effects of shoot bending on ACC content, ethylene production, growth and flowering of bougainvillea. Plant Growth Regul. 63: 37-44.
Lizada, M.C.C. and S.F. Yang. 1979. A simple and sensitive assay for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid. Anal. Biochem. 100: 140-145.
Ma, Q.H. and Y.L. Li. 2006. Inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis enhances vegetative bud formation without affecting growth and development of transgenic tobacco plants. J. Plant Growth Regul. 25: 101-109.
Macnish, A.J., R.T. Leonard, A.M. Borda, and T.A. Nell. 2010. Genotypic variation in the postharvest performance and ethylene sensitivity of cut rose flowers. HortSci. 45: 790-796.
Min, X.J. and D.P. Bartholomew. 1993. Effects of growth regulators on ethylene production and floral initiation of pineapple. Acta Hortic. 334: 101-112.
Min, X.J. and D.P. Bartholomew. 1996. Effect of plant growth regulators on ethylene production, 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid oxidase activity, and initiation of inflorescence development of pineapple. J. Plant Growth Regul. 15: 121-128.
Min, X.J. and D.P. Bartholomew. 1997. Temperature affects ethylene metabolism and fruit initiation and size of pineapple. Acta Hortic. 425: 329-338.
Norcini, J.G. 1993. How to grow a great Bougainvillea. Grower Talks 62: 62-64.
Norcini, J.G. and J.H. Aldrich. 1994. Flowering response of Bougainvillea cultivars to dikegulac. HortSci. 29: 282-284.
Norcini, J.G., J.M. McDowell, and J.H. Aldrich. 1992. Effect of dikegulac on flowering and growth of Bougainvillea ‘Rainbow Gold’. HortSci. 28: 119-121.
Nowak, J. and R.M. Rudnicki. 1990. Postharvest handling and storage of cut flowers, florist greens and potted plants. Timber Press Portland, Oregan.
Núñez-Elisea, R. and T.L. Davenport. 1995. Effect of leaf age, duration of cool temperature treatment, and photoperiod on bud dormancy release and floral initiation in mango. Sci. Hortic. 62: 63-73.
Ramina, A., W.P. Hackett, and R.M. Sachs. 1979. Flowering in Bougainvillea a function of assimilate supply and nutrition diversion. Plant Physiol. 64: 810-813.
Reid, M.S. 1987. Ethylene in plant growth, development and senescence, p. 257-279. In: Davies, P.J. (ed.). Plant hormones and their role in plant growth and development. Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht.
Reid, M.S., B. Wollenweber, and M. Serek. 2002. Carbon balance and ethylene in the postharvest life of flowering hibiscus. Postharv. Biol. Technol. 25: 227-233.
Sachs, R.M. 1977. Nutrient diversion: an hypothesis to explain the chemical control of flowering. HortSci. 12: 220-222.
Serek, M. and M.S. Reid. 1993. Anti-ethylene treatments for potted Christmas cactus-efficacy of inhibitors of ethylene action and biosynthesis. HortSci. 28: 1180-1181.
Shanks, J.B. and C.B. Link. 1968. Some factors affecting growth and flower initiation of greenhouse azalea. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 92: 603-614.
Steed, C.L., L.K. Taylor, and M.A. Harrison. 2004. Red light regulation of ethylene biosynthesis and gravitropism in etiolated pea stems. Plant Growth Regul. 43: 117-125.
Trewavas, A. 1991. How do plant growth substances work? Plant Cell Environ. 14: 1-12.
Trusov, Y. and J.R. Botella. 2006. Silencing of the ACC synthase gene ACACS2 causes delayed flowering in pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.). J. Exp. Bot. 57: 3953-3960.
Tse, A.T.Y., A. Ramina, W.P. Hackett, and R.M. Sachs. 1974. Enhanced inflorescence development in bougainvillea ‘San Diego Red’ by removal of young leaves and cytokinin treatments. Plant physiol. 54: 404-407.
Van de Poel, B., J. Ceusters, and M.P. De Proft. 2009. Determination of pineapple (Ananas comosus, MD-2 hybrid cultivar) plant maturity, the efficiency of flowering induction agents and the use of activated carbon. Sci. Hortic. 120: 58-63.
Wheeler, R.M., B.V. Peterson, J.C. Sager, and W.M. Knott. 1996. Ethylene production by plans in a closed environment. Adv. Space Res. 18: 193-196.
Zeddy, K., C.E. Sisler, T. Winkelmann, and M. Serek. 2003. Efficacy of new inhibitors of ethylene perception in improvement of display life of kalanchoe (Kalanchoe blossfeladiana Poelln.) flowers. Postharv. Biol. Technol. 30: 169-176.
Zhou, W.J. and H.F. Xi. 1993. Effects of mixtalol and paclobutrazol on photosynthesis and yield of rape (Brassica napus). J. Plant Growth Regul. 12: 157-161.
第六章參考文獻(Reference)
林韋利. 2006. 乙烯及1-MCP對蝴蝶蘭花朵壽命之影響。國立台灣大學園藝研究所碩士論文.
林鄉薰. 2001. 1-MCP與乙烯前處理對盆花及切花壽命及品質之影響. 國立台灣大學園藝研究所碩士論文.
陳蕙菁. 1999. 九重葛扦插繁殖、栽植方式及落花現象之探討與改進. 國立台灣大學園藝研究所碩士論文.
Blankenship, S.M. and J.M. Dole. 2003. 1-Methylcyclopropene: a review. Postharv. Biol. Technol. 28: 1-25.
Cameron, A.C. and M.S. Reid. 1981. The use of silver thiosulfate anionic complex as a foliar spray to prevent flower abscission of Zygocactus. HortSci. 16: 761-762.
Cameron, A.C. and M.S. Reid. 1983. Use of silver thiosulfate to prevent flower abscission from potted plants. Sci. Hortic. 19: 373-378.
Cameron, A.C. and M.S. Reid. 2001. 1-MCP blocks ethylene-induced petal abscission of Pelargonium peltatum but the effect is transient. Postharv. Biol. Technol. 22: 169-177.
Chang, Y.S. and H.C. Chen. 2001. Variability between silver thiosulfate and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid applications in prolonging bract longevity of potted bougainvillea. Sci. Hortic. 87: 217-224.
Custódia, M.L.G., J.A. Monteiro, and M.H. Rodrigues. 2001. Bougainvillea post-production: NAA and STS control of bract abscission is subject exogenous ethylene. Acta Hortic. 543: 47-51.
Da Rocha Batista, R.J., J.A.S. Grossi, J.I. Ribeiro Junior, and F.L. Finger. 2010. Rose flower longevity in response to ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). Acta Hortic. 847: 363-368.
Ella, L., A. Zion, A. Nehemia, and L. Amnon. 2003. Effect of the ethylene action inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene on parsley leaf senescence and ethylene biosynthesis. Postharv. Biol. Technol. 30: 67-74.
Faragher, J.D., Y. Mor, and F. Johnson. 1987. Role of aminocyclopropane- 1-carboxylic acid (ACC) in control of ethylene production in fresh and cold-stored rose flowers. J. Exp. Bot. 38: 1839-1847.
Gago, C.M.L., J.A. Monteiro, and M.H. Rodrigues. 2001. Bougainvillea post-production: NAA and STS control of bract abscission is subject to exogenous ethylene. Acta Hortic. 543: 47-51.
Hackett, W.P., R.M. Sachs, and J. DeBie. 1972. Growing bougainvillea as a flowering pot plant. Calif. Agric. 26: 12-13.
Halevy, A.H. and A.M. Kofranek. 1976. The prevention of flower bud and leaf abscission in pot roses during simulated transport. J. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 101: 658-660.
Jennifer, D.W. 2000. The battle against ethylene. Grower Talks May: 52-58.
Jiang, Y.M., D.C. Joyce, and A.J. Macnish. 1999. Responses of banana fruit to treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene. Plant Growth Regul. 28: 77-82.
Khan, A.S. and Z. Singh. 2007. 1-MCP regulates ethylene biosynthesis and fruit softening during ripening of ‘Tegan Blue’ plum. Postharv. Biol. Technol. 43: 298-306.
Ku, V.V.V. and R.B.H. Wills. 1999. Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene on the storage life of broccoli. Postharv. Biol. Technol. 17: 127-132.
Lalel, H.J.D., Z. Singh, and S.C. Tan. 2003. The role of ethylene in mango fruit aroma volatiles biosynthesis. J. Hortic. Sci. Biotechnol. 78: 485-496.
Lizada, M. and S.F. Yang. 1979. A simple and sensitive assay for l-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid. Anal. Biochem. 100: 140-145.
Macnish, A.J., R.T. Leonard, A.M. Borda, and T.A. Nell. 2010. Genotypic variation in the postharvest performance and ethylene sensitivity of cut rose flowers. HortSci. 45: 790-796.
Magid, R.M., T.C. Clarke, and C.D. Duncan. 1970. An efficient and convenient synthesis of 1-methylcyclopropene. J. Org. Chem. 36: 1320-1321.
Mekhedov, S.L. and H. Kende. 1996. Submergence enhances expression of a gene encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase in deepwater rice. Plant Cell Physiol. 37: 531-534.
Muller, R., M. Serek, E.C. Sisler, and A.S. Anderson. 1998. Ethylene involvement in leaf abscission, chlorosis, and rooting of Codiaeum variegatum var. pictum (Lodd.) Muell. ‘Aucubaefolia’. Gartenbauwissenschaft 63: 66-71.
Nowak, J. and R.M. Rudnicki. 1990. Postharvest handling and storage of cut flowers, florist greens and potted plants. Timber Press Portland, Oregan.
Pathak, N., H.A. Mehar, P. Dhawan, M.K. Srivastava, and P. Nath. 2003. Expression and activities of ethylene biosynthesis enzymes during ripening of banana fruits and effect of 1-MCP treatment. Plant Growth Regul. 40: 11-19.
Pearse, H.L. 1976. Control of flower and bract drop in potted Bougainvillea plants. Agroplantae 8: 61-62.
Reid, M.S. 1989. The role of ethylene in flower senescence. Acta Hortic. 261: 157-169.
Reid, M.S., B. Wollenweber, and M. Serek. 2002. Carbon balance and ethylene in the postharvest life of flowering hibiscus. Postharv. Biol. Technol. 25: 227-233.
Reid, M.S., L.L. Dodge, F.G. Celikel, and R. Valle. 1999. A breakthrough in ethylene protection: cut and pot plant growers will soon have a new weapon for prevention postharvest ethylene damage: 1-MCP. Grower Talks April 48: 50-52, 54, 63.
Renate, M., A.S. Andersen, and M. Serek. 1998. Differences in display life of miniature potted roses. Sci. Hortic. 76: 59-71.
Serek, M. and A.S. Andersen. 1993. AOA and BA influence on floral development and longevity of potted ‘Victory Parade’ miniature rose. HortSci. 28: 1039-1040.
Serek, M. and M.S. Reid. 1994a. A volatile ethylene inhibitor improves the postharvest life of potted roses. J. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 119: 572-577.
Serek, M., E.C. Sisler, and M.S. Reid. 1994b. Novel gaseuous ethylene binding inhibitor prevents ethylene effects in potted flowering plants. J. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 119: 1230-1233.
Serek, M., E.C. Sisler, and M.S. Reid. 1995b. Effect of 1-MCP on the vase life and ethylene response of cut flowers. Plant Growth Regul. 16: 93-97.
Serek, M., M.S. Reid, T. Tirosh, and S. Mayak. 1995a. 1-Methlcyclopropene prevents bud, flower and leaf abscission of Geraldton Waxflower. HortSci. 30: 1310.
Sisler, E.C. and M. Serek. 1997. Inhibitors of ethylene responses in plants at the receptor level: recent developments. Plant Physiol. 100: 577-582.
Sisler, E.C., E. Dupille, and M. Serek. 1996. Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene and methylenecyclopropane on ethylene binding and ethylene action on cut carnations. Plant Growth Regul. 18: 79-86.
Sisler, E.C., M.E. Serek, E. Dupille, and R. Goren. 1999. Inhibition of ethylene responses by 1-methylcyclopropene and 3-methylcyclopropene. Plant Growth Regul. 27: 105-111.
Sun, Y., B. Christensen, and F. Liu. 2009. Effects of ethylene and 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene) on bud and flower drop in mini Phalaenopsis cultivars. Plant Growth Regul. 59: 83-91.
Uthaichay, N., S. Ketsa, and W.G. van Doorn. 2007. 1-MCP pretreatment prevents bud and flower abscission in Dendrobium orchids. Postharv. Biol. Technol. 43: 374-380.
Ververdis, P. and P. John. 1991. Complete recovery in vitro of ethylene-forming enzyme activity. Phytochem. 30: 725-727.
Wein, H.C. and A.D. Turner. 1989. Hormonal basis for low light intensity-induced flower bud abscission of pepper. J. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 114: 981-985.
Yang, S.F. and N.E. Hoffman. 1984. Ethylene biosynthesis and its regulation in higher plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol.35: 155-189.
Zeddy, K., C.E. Sisler, T. Winkelmann, and M. Serek. 2003. Efficacy of new inhibitors of ethylene perception in improvement of display life of kalanchoe (Kalanchoe blossfeladiana Poelln.) flowers. Postharv. Biol. Technol. 30: 169-176.
第七章參考文獻(Reference)
陳敏祥. 1985. 台灣番石榴之栽培管理與產期調節. 果樹產期調節研討會專輯. 台中農改場. p. 87-92.
陳蕙菁. 1999. 九重葛扦插繁殖、栽植方式及落花現象之探討與改進. 國立台灣大學園藝研究所碩士論文.
Abeles, F.B. and B. Rubinstein. 1964. Regulation of ethylene evolution and leaf abscission by auxin. Plant Physiol. 39: 963-969.
Abebie, B., A. Lers, S. Philosoph-Hadas, R. Goren, J. Rioc, and S. Meir. 2008. Differential effects of NAA and 2,4-D in reducing floret abscission in cestrum (Cestrum elegans) cut flowers are associated with their differential activation of Aux/IAA homologous genes. Ann. Bot. 101: 249-259.
Alvarez I., M.L. Tomaro, and M.P. Benavides. 2003. Changes in polyamines, proline and ethylene in sunflower calluses treated with NaCl. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 74: 51-59.
Bradford, M.M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for quantization of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye-binding. Anal. Biochem. 72: 248-54.
Chang, Y.S. and H.C. Chen. 2001. Variability between silver thiosulfate and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid applications in prolonging bract longevity of potted bougainvillea. Sci. Hortic. 87: 217-224.
Cin, V.D., M. Danesin, A. Botton, A. Boschetti, A. Dorigoni, and A. Ramina. 2008. Ethylene and preharvest drop: the effect of AVG and NAA on fruit abscission in apple (Malus domestica L. Borkh). Plant Growth Regul. 56: 317-325.
Coenen, C., M. Christian. H. Luthern, and T.L. Lomax. 2003. Cytokinin inhibits a subset of diageotropica-dependent primary auxin responses in tomato. Plant Physiol. 131: 1692-1704.
Cronjé, P.J.R., E.M. Crouch, and M. Huysamer. 2005. Postharvest Calyx Retention of Citrus Fruit. Acta Hortic. 682: 369-372.
Ercisli1, S., A. Esitken1, R. Cangi, and F. Sahin. 2003. Adventitious root formation of kiwifruit in relation to sampling date, IBA and Agrobacterium rubi inoculation. Plant Growth. Regul. 41: 133-137.
Eu, J. and B.Y. Lee. 2009. Effects of ethylene, abscisic acid and auxin on fruit abscission in water dropwort (Oenanthe stolonifera DC.). Sci. Hortic. 123: 224-227.
Fabbroni, C., F. Costa, A.M. Bregoli, and G. Costa. 2007. Effect of auxin on fruit morphogenesis: physiological and molecular aspects in kiwifruit ripening. Acta Hortic. 753: 541-548.
Gago, C.M.L., J.A. Monteiro, and M.H. Rodrigues. 2001. Bougainvillea post-production: NAA and STS control of bract abscission is subject to exogenous ethylene. Acta Hortic. 543: 47-51.
Hackett, W.P., R.M. Sachs, and J. DeBie. 1972. Growing bougainvillea as a flowering pot plant. Calif. Agric. 26: 12-13.
Halevy, A.H. and A.M. Kofranek. 1976. The prevention of flower bud and leaf abscission in pot roses during simulated transport. J. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 101: 658-660.
Harbage, J.F. and D.P. Stimart. 1996. Ethylene does not promote adventitious root initiation on apple micro cuttings. J. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 121: 880-885.
Ho, L.C. and R. Nuchols. 1977. Translocation of 14C-sucrose in relation to changes in carbohydrate content in rose corollas cut at different stages of development. Ann. Bot. 41: 227-242.
Husen, A. and M. Pal. 2007. Effect of branch position and auxin treatment on clonal propagation of Tectona grandis Linn. f. New Forests 34: 223-233.
Ishiki, Y., A. Oda, Y. Yaegashi, Y. Orihara, T. Arai, T. Hirabayashi, H. Nakagawa, and T. Sato. 2000. Cloning of an auxin-responsive 1-amonocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase gene (CMe-ACS 2) from melon and the expression of ACS genes in etiolated melon seedlings and melon fruits. Plant Sci. 159: 173-181.
Kim, J.H. and W.B. Miller. 2009. GA4+7 plus BA enhances postproduction quality in pot tulips. Postharv. Bio. Technol. 51: 272-277.
Kim, J.H., W.T. Kim, and B.G. Kang. 2001. IAA and N6-benzyladenine inhibit ethylene-regulated expression of ACC oxidase and ACC synthase genes in mungbean hypocotyls. Plant Cell Physiol. 42: 1056-1061.
Koike, Y. and H. Imanishi, 2009. Effects of silver thiosulfate complex (STS), sucrose, surfactant and their combination on the vase life of cut flower of Lathyrus latifolius L. Acta Hortic. 813: 679-684.
Kondo, S., S. Meemak, Y. Ban, T. Moriguchic, and T. Harada. 2009. Effects of auxin and jasmonates on 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase and ACC oxidase gene expression during ripening of apple fruit. Postharv. Bio. Technol. 51: 281-284.
Kumar, M.A. and Y.N. Reddy. 2008. Preliminary investigations on the effect of foliar spray of chemicals on flowering and fruiting characters of mango cv. Baneshan. Indian J. Agri. Res. 42: 3. (Abstract)
Lee, M.M., S.H. Lee, and K.Y. Park. 1997. Effects of spermine on ethylene biosynthesis in cut carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) flowers during senescence. J. Plant Physiol. 151: 68-73.
Li, J. and R. Yuan. 2008. NAA and ethylene regulate expression of genes related to ethylene biosynthesis, perception, and cell wall degradation during fruit abscission and ripening in ‘Delicious’ Apples. J. Plant Growth Regul. 27: 283-295.
Lizada, M. and S.F. Yang. 1979. A simple and sensitive assay for l-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid. Anal. Biochem. 100: 140-145.
Ludford, P.M. 1995. Postharvest hormone changes in vegetables and fruit, p 751-773. In: Davies, P.J. (ed.). Plant Hormones, Kluwer, Dordrecht.
Matile, P. and F. Winkenbach. 1971. Function of lysosomes and lysosomal enzymes in the senescing corolla of the morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea). J. Exp. Bot. 22: 759-771.
McArtney, S.J. 2002. Ethylene evolution from detached apple spurs in response to chemical thinners. HortSci. 37: 662-665.
Mekhedov, S.L. and H. Kende. 1996. Submergence enhances expression of a gene encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase in deepwater rice. Plant Cell Physiol. 37: 531-534.
Mor, Y., H. Spiegelstein, and A.H. Halevy. 1983. Inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis on carnation petals by cytokinin. Plant Physiol. 71: 541-546.
Murphy, A. 2002. Auxin: The growth hormone, p. 423-460. In: Taiz, L. and E. Zeiger. (eds.). Plant Physiology, 3rd edn. Sinauer associates, Sunderlands, MA.
Nowak, J. and R.M. Rudnicki. 1990. Postharvest handling and storage of cut flowers, florist greens and potted plants. Timber Press Portland, Oregan.
Ömer ÜCLER, A., S. PARLAK, and Z. YÜCESAN. 2004. Effects of IBA and cutting dates on the rooting ability of semi-hardwood kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa A. Chev.) cuttings. Turk J. Agric. 28: 195-201.
Philosoph-Hadas, S., R. Michaeli, Y. Reuveni, and S. Meir. 1996. Benzyladenine pulsing retards leaf yellowing and improves quality of goldenrod (Solidago Canadensis) cut flowers. Postharv. Biol. Technol. 9: 65-73.
Richard, N.A.1949. Influence of IAA, NAA and 2,4-D on ethylene production by potato discs (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Red Pontiac). Amer. J. Potato Res. 59: 267-274.
Seyhan, Özelbaykal, and Ömer Gezerel. 2005. The Effects of the different doses of IBA (indol butric acid) on the rooting performances in the reproduction of ‘Gemlik’ and ‘Domat’ olive trees by using green twig procedure in the ecology of cukurova region. J. Cent. Eur. Agric. 6: 481-484.
Tanase, K., K. Tokuhiro, M. Amano, and K. Ichimura. 2009. Ethylene sensitivity and changes in ethylene production during senescence in long-lived Delphinium flowers without sepal abscission. Postharv. Biol. Technol. 52: 310-312.
Tucker, M.L., R. Sexton, E. del Campillo, and L.N. Lewis. 1988. Bean abscission cellulose. Plant Physiol. 88: 1257-1262.
Uthaichay, N., S. Ketsa, and W.G. van Doorn. 2007. 1-MCP pretreatment prevents bud and flower abscission in Dendrobium orchids. Postharv. Biol. Technol. 43: 374-380.
Van Doorn, W.G. 2004. Is petal senescence due to sugar starvation? Plant Physiol. 134: 35-42.
Ververdis, P. and P. John. 1991. Complete recovery in vitro of ethylene-forming enzyme activity. Phytochem. 30: 725-727.
Wagner, G.J. and H.W. Siegelman. 1975. Large-scale isolation of intact vacuoles and isolation of chloroplasts from protoplasts of mature plant tissues. Science 190: 1298-1299.
Wein, H.C. and A.D. Turner. 1989. Hormonal basis for low light intensity-induced flower bud abscission of pepper. J. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 114: 981-985.
Wein, H.C. and Yiping Zhang. 1991. Prevention of flower abscission in bell pepper. J. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. l16: 516-519.
Wintermans, J.F.G.M. and A. De Mots. 1965. Spectrophotometric characteristics of chlorophylls a and b and their pheophytins in ethanol. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta.109: 448-453.
Yuan, R. and D.H. Carbaugh. 2007. Effects of NAA, AVG, and 1-MCP on ethylene biosynthesis, preharvest fruit drop, fruit maturity, and quality of ‘Golden Supreme’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apples. HortSci. 42: 101-105.
Zhang, Y., K. Chan, S. Zhang, and I. Ferguson. 2003. The role of salicylic acid in postharvest ripening of kiwifruit. Postharv. Biol. Technol. 28: 67-74.

第八章參考文獻(Reference)
張育森. 1989. 百香果開花習性與花芽形成之研究. 國立台灣大學園藝研究所博士論文.
Barbosa, W.M., W.C. Otoni, M. Carnelossi, E. Silva, A.A. Azevedo, and G. Vieira. 2001. Rhizogenesis in in vitro shoot cultures of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Deg.) is affected by ethylene precursors and by inhibitors. Int. J. Hortic. Sci. 7: 47-51.
Bunt, A.C. and K.E. Cockshull. 1985. Dianthus caryophyllus, p. 433-440. In: Halevy, A.H. (ed.). CRC handbook of flowering, vol. II. Boca Raton, Florida.
Chang, Y.S. and C.Y. Cheng. 1992. Effects of temperature and light on growth and flower formation of passionfruit. J. Chinese Soc. Hortic. Sci. 38: 30-36.
Chen, Y.Z. and B.D. Patterson. 1985. Ethylene and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid as indicators of chilling sensitivity in various plant species. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 12: 377-385.
Faria, F.L.C. and J. Segura. 1997. In vitro control of adventitious bud differentiation by inorganic medium components and silver thiosulfate in explants of Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant 33: 209-212.
Foucher, F., M. Chevalier, C. Corre, V. Soufflet-Freslon, F. Legeai, and L.H.S. Oyant. 2008. New resources for studying the rose flowering process. Genome 51: 827-837.
Funnell, K.A., M. Bendall, W.F. Fountain, and E.R. Morgan. 2003. Maturity and type of cutting influences flower yield, flowering time, and quality in Limonium ‘Chorus Magenta’. New Zeal. J. Crop Hortic. Sci. 31: 139-146.
Gianinetti, A., L.J. Laarhoven, S.T. Persijn, F.J.M. Harren, and L. Petruzzelli. 2007. Ethylene production is associated with germination but not seed dormancy in red rice. Ann. Bot. 99: 735-745.
Ichimura, K. and T. Hiraya. 1999. Effect of silver thiosulfate complex (STS) in combination with sucrose on the vase life of cut sweet pea flowers. J. Japan. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 68: 23- 27.
Kumar, P.P., P. Lakshmanan, and T.A. Thorpe. 1998. Regulation of morphogenesis in plant tissue culture by ethylene. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant 34: 94-103.
Lizada, M. and S.F. Yang. 1979. A simple and sensitive assay for l-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid. Anal. Biochem. 100: 140-145.
Matthijs, D., J. Gielis, and P. Debergh. 1995. Ethylene, p. 473-491. In: Aitken-Christie, J., T. Kozai, and M.A.L. Smith (eds.). Automation and environmental control in plant tissue culture, Dordrecht, Kluwer.
Meinke, H. and A. Karnatz. 1990. Influence of air and soil temperatures on grafted and self-rooted Passiflora hybrids. Sci. Hortic. 43: 237-246.
Mekhedov, S.L. and H. Kende. 1996. Submergence enhances expression of a gene encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase in deepwater rice. Plant Cell Physiol. 37: 531-534.
Menzel, C.M. and D.R. Simpson. 1988. Effect of continuous shading on growth, flowering and nutrient uptake of passionfruit. Sci. Hortic. 35: 77-88.
Menzel, C.M., D.R. Simpson, and A.J. Dowling. 1986. Water relations in passionfruit: effect of moisture stress on growth, flowering and nutrient uptake. Sci. Hortic. 29: 239-249.
Menzel, C.M., D.R. Simpson, and C.W. Winks. 1987. Effect of temperature on growth, flowering and nutrient uptake of three passionfruit cultivars under low irradiance. Sci. Hortic. 31: 259-268.
Nave, N., E. Katz, N. Chayut, S. Gazit, and A. Samach. 2010. Flower development in the passion fruit Passiflora edulis requires a photoperiod-induced systemic graft-transmissible signal. Plant Cell Envir. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02206.x
Pocasangre-Enamorado, H.E., F.L. Finger, R.S. Barros, and R. Puschmann.1995. Development and ripening of yellow passion fruit. J. Hortic. Sci. Biotechnol. 70: 573-576.
Reis, L.B., V.B.P. Neto, E.A.T. Picoli, M.G.C. Costa, M.M. Reso, C.R. Carvalho, F.L. Finger, and W.C. Otoni. 2003. Axillary bud development of passionfruit as affected by ethylene precursor and inhibitors. In Vitro cell Dev. Biol. 39: 618-622.
Sachs, R.M. 1977. Nutrient diversion: an hypothesis to explain the chemical control of flowering. HortSci. 12: 220-222.
Sanderson, K.C., W.C. Martin, and R.B. Reed. 1989. Screening growth regulators for control of Plassiflora edulis Sims and P. caerula L. height. HortSci. 24: 157.
Shiomi, S., Y. Kubo, L.S. Wamocho, H. Koaze, R. Nakamura, and A. Inaba. 1996. Postharvest ripening and ethylene biosynthesis in purple passion fruit. Postharv. Biol. Technol. 8: 199-207.
Staveley, G.W. and B.N. Wolstenholme. 1990. Effect of water stress on growth and flowering of Passiflora edulis Sims. grafted to P. Caerulea L. Acta Hortic. 275: 551-557.
Turner, D.W., C.M. Menzel, and D.R. Simpson. 1996. Short term drying of half the root system reduces growth but not water status or photosynthesis in leaves of passionfruit (Passiflora spp.). Sci. Hortic. 65: 25-36.
Veen, H. 1983. Silver thiosulphate: an experimental tool in plant science. Sci. Hortic. 20: 211-224.
Veen, H. 1987. Use of inhibitors of ethylene action. Acta Hortic. 201: 213-222.
Ververdis, P. and P. John. 1991. Complete recovery in vitro of ethylene-forming enzyme activity. Phytochem. 30: 725-727.
Watson, D.P. and F.A.I. Bowers. 1965. Long days produce flowers on passionfruit. Hawaii Farm Sci. 14: 3.
Zieslin, N. and R. Moe. 1985. Rosa, p. 214-225. In: Halevy, A.H. (ed.). CRC handbook of flowering, vol. IV. Boca Raton, Florida.
第九章參考文獻(Reference)
宋馥華. 1995. 平戶杜鵑開花習性與花芽發育之研究. 國立台灣大學園藝研究所碩士論文.
郭能禎. 2001. 植物生長調節劑、枝條成熟度及修剪方式對九重葛生長及開花之影響. 國立台灣大學園藝研究所碩士論文.
張育森. 1986. 柑橘之開花生理 .中國園藝. 32: 71-84.
張育森. 1989. 百香果開花習性與花芽形成之研究. 國立台灣大學園藝研究所博士論文.
歐錫坤、陳琦玲. 2000. 台灣本地桃樹的需冷量評估與模式開發. 中國園藝46: 337-350.
Beppu, K., T. Suehara, and I. Kataoka. 2001. Embryo sac development and fruit set of ‘Satohnoshiki’ sweet cherry as affected by temperature, GA3, and paclobutrazol. J. Japan. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 70: 157-162.
Blom, T.J., W. Brown, G.C.L. Chu, W.T. Liu, and L. Skog. 2002. Easter lillies react differently to short- or long-term exposure of ethylene or methane at different stages of forcing. HortTechnol. 12: 91-94.
Bowman, J.L., D.R. Smyth, and E.M. Meyerowitz. 1989. Genes directing flower development in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 1: 37-52.
Chakrabarti, A.G. 1977. Effects of temperature shift on weed seed germination. Castanea 42: 279-285.
Chen, Y.Z., and B.D. Patterson. 1985. Ethylene and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid as indicators of chilling sensitivity in various plant species. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 12: 377-385.
Ehrich, L., C. Ulrichs, and H. Grüneberg. 2009. Factors influencing flowering of different South African Iridaceae. HortSci. 44: 1792-1795.
Erwin, J.E. and R.D. Heins. 1990. Temperature effects on lily development rate and morphology from the visible bud stage until anthesis. J. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 115: 644-646.
Farooq, M., T. Aziz, A. Wahid, D.J. Lee, K.H.M. Siddique. 2009. Chilling tolerance in maize: agronomic and physiological approaches. Crop Pasture Sci. 60: 501-516.
Gilreath, P.R. and D.W. Buchanan. 1981. Rest prediction model for low chilling ‘Sungold’ nectarine. J. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 106: 426-429.
Hasegawa, P.M. and R.D. Locy. 2002. Ethylene: the gaseous hormone, p. 591-623. In: Taiz, L. and E. Zeiger (eds.). Plant Physiology, 3rd edn. Sinauer associates, Sunderlands.
Ichimura, K. and K. Suto. 1998. Environmental factors controlling flower opening and closing in a Portulaca Hybrid. Ann. Bot. 82: 67-70.
Jiang, Q.W., O. Kiyoharu, I. Ryozo. 2002. Two novel mitogen-activated protein signaling components, OsMEK1 and OsMAP1, are involved in a moderate low temperature signaling pathway in rice. Plant Physiol. 129: 1880-1889.
Kamenetsky, R., A. Barzilay, A. Erez, and A.H. Halevy. 2003. Temperature requirement for floral decelopment of herbaceous peony cv. ‘Sarah Bernhardt’. Sci. Hortic. 97: 309-320.
Kasuga, M., Q. Liu, S. Miura, K. Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, and K. Shinozaki. 1999. Improving plant drought, salt and freezing tolerance by gene transfer of a single stress inducible transcriptional factor. Nat. Biotechnol. 17: 287-291.
Kaur, S., A.K. Gupta, N. Kaur, J.S. Sandhu, and S.K. Gupta. 2009. Antioxidative enzymes and sucrose synthase contribute to cold stress tolerance in chickpea. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 195: 393-397.
Khodorova, N.V., E.A. Miroslavov, A.L. Shavarda, J.C. Laberche, and M. Boitel-Conti. 2010. Bud development in corydalis (Corydalis bracteata) requires low temperature: a study of developmental and carbohydrate changes. Ann. Bot. 105: 891-903.
Lafta, A.M. and J.H. Lorenzen. 1995. Effect of high temperature on plant growth and carbohydrate metabolism in potato. Plant Physiol. 109: 637-643.
Lang, P., C.K. Zhang, R.C. Ebel, F. Dane, and W.A. Dozier. 2005. Identification of cold acclimated genes in leaves of Citrus unshiu by mRNA differential display. Gene 359: 111-118.
Lee, A.K., J.K. Suh, and M.S. Roh. 2010. Flowering and changes in respiration in Asiatic hybrid lilies as influenced by bulb vernalization. Sci. Hortic. 123: 366-371.
Mahmood, K., J.G. Carew, P. Hadley, and N.H. Battey. 2000. Chill unit model for the sweet cherry cvs Stella, Sunburst and Summit. J. Hortic. Sci. Biotechnol. 75: 602-606.
Menzel, C.M., D.R. Simpson, and C.W. Winks. 1987. Effect of temperature on growth, flowering and nutrient uptake of three passionfruit cultivars under low irradiance. Sci. Hortic. 31: 259-268.
Nakata, S. and Y. Watanabe. 1966. Effects of photoperiod and night temperature on the flowering of Litchi chinensis. Bot. Gaz. 127: 146-152.
Naor, V. and J. Kigel. 2002. Temperature affects plant development, flowering and tuber dormancy in calla lily (Zantedeschia). J. Hortic. Sci. Biotechnol. 77: 170-176.
Ohnishi, S., T. Miyoshi, and S. Shirai. 2010. Low temperature stress at different flower developmental stages affects pollen development, pollination, and pod set in soybean. Envir. Exper. Bot. 69: 56-62.
Ohyama, K., Y. Omura, and T. Kozai. 2005. Effect of air temperature regimes on physiological disorders and floral development of tomato seedlings grown under continuous light. HortSci. 40: 1304-1306.
Pereira da Cruz, R., S.C.K. Milach, and L.C. Federizzi. 2006. Rice cold tolerance at the reproductive stage in a controlled environment. Sci. Agric. 63: 255-261.
Shu, Z.H. and T.F. Sheen. 1987. Floral induction in axillary buds of mango (Mangifera indica L.) as affected by temperature. Sci. Hortic. 31: 81-87.
Suge, H. 1977. Changes in ethylene production of vernalized plants. Plant Cell Phsiol. 18: 1167-1171.
Sung, F.H. and Y.S. Chang. 2001. Rhododendron mucronatum G. Don grown in subtropical Taiwan does not manifest endodormancy. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 42: 187-191.
Thakur, P., S. Kumar, J.A. Malik, J.D. Berger, and H. Nayyar. 2010. Cold stress effects on reproductive development in grain crops: an overview. Envir. Exper. Bot. 67: 429-443.
Valiente, J.I. and L.G. Albrigo. 2004. Flower bud induction of sweet orange trees (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck): Effect of low temperatures, crop load, and bud age. J. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 129: 158-164.
Wittwer, S.H. and F.G. Teubner. 1957. The effects of temperature and nirtogen nutrition on flower formation in the tomato. Amer. J. Bot. 44: 125-129.
第十章參考文獻(Reference)
柯勇. 2002. 植物生理學. 藝軒圖書出版社. 台北.
張育森. 1989. 百香果開花習性與花芽形成之研究. 國立台灣大學園藝研究所博士論文.
Alves, G.V.L., W.C. dos Santos, W.R. Waldman, J G. Oliveira, H. Vargas, and M.G. da Silva. 2010. A photoacoustic technique applied to detection of ethylene emissions in edible coated passion fruit. 15th International conference on photoacoustic and photothermal phenomena. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/214/1/012020
Amasino, R. 2002. Ethylene: the gaseous hormone, p. 559-590. In: Taiz, L. and E. Zeiger (eds.). Plant Physiology, 3rd edn. Sinauer associates, Sunderlands, MA.
Arjona, H.E. and F.B. Matta. 1991. Postharvest quality of passion fruit as influenced by harvest time and ethylene treatment. HortSci. 26: 1297-1298.
Barbosa, W.M., W.C. Otoni, M. Carnelossi, E. Silva, A.A. Azevedo, and G. Vieira. 2001. Rhizogenesis in in vitro shoot cultures of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Deg.) is affected by ethylene precursors and by inhibitors. Int. J. Hortic. Sci. 7: 47-51.
Botha, M.L., C.S. Whitehead, and A.H. Halevy. 1998. Effect of octanoic acid on ethylene-mediated flower induction in Dutch iris. Plant Growth Regul. 25: 47-51.
Day, M.E., M.S. Greenwood, and C. Diaz-sala. 2002. Age and size related trends in woody plant shoot development: regulatory pathways and evidence for genetic control. Tree Physiol. 22: 507-513.
Dozier, W.A.J., R. Rodriguez-Kabana, A.W. Caylor, D.G. Himelrick, N.R. McDaniel, and J.A. McGuire. 1991. Ethephon hastens maturity of passionfruit grown as an annual in a temperate zone. HortSci. 26: 146-147.
Faria, F.L.C. and J. Segura. 1997. In vitro control of adventitious bud differentiation by inorganic medium components and silver thiosulfate in explants of Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant 33: 209-212.
Li, R., M.J.A. Werger, H. de Kroon, H.J. During, and Z.C. Zhong. 2000. Interactions between shoot age structure, nutrient availability and physiological integration in the giant bamboo Phyllostachys pubescens. Plant Biol. 2: 437-446.
Lizada, M. and S.F. Yang. 1979. A simple and sensitive assay for l-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid. Anal. Biochem. 100: 140-145.
Lombardi, S.P., I.R. da Silva Passos, M.C.S. Nogueira, and B. Appezzato-da-Glória. 2007. In vitro shoot regeneration from roots and leaf discs of Passiflora cincinnata Mast. Braz. Archives Bio. Technol. 50: 239-247.
Menzel, C.M., D.R. Simpson, and C.W. Winks. 1987. Effect of temperature on growth, flowering and nutrient uptake of three passionfruit cultivars under low irradiance. Sci. Hortic. 31: 259-268.
Nave, N., E. Katz, N. Chayut, S. Gazit, and A. Samach. 2010. Flower development in the passion fruit Passiflora edulis requires a photoperiod-induced systemic graft-transmissible signal. Plant Cell Envir. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02206.x
Reis, L.B., V.B.P. Neto, E.A.T. Picoli, M.G.C. Costa, M.M. Reso, C.R. Carvalho, F L. Finger, and W.C. Otoni. 2003. Axillary bud development of passionfruit as affected by ethylene precursor and inhibitors. In Vitro cell Dev. Biol. 39: 618-622.
Scorza, R. and J. Janick. 1980. In vitro flowering of Passiflora suberosa L. J. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 105: 892-897.
Shanks, J.B. and C.B. Link. 1968. Some factors affecting growth and flower initiation of greenhouse azalea. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 92: 603-614.
Shiomi, S., Y. Kubo, L.S. Wamocho, H. Koaze, R. Nakamura, and A. Inaba. 1996. Postharvest ripening and ethylene biosynthesis in purple passion fruit. Postharv. Bio. Technol. 8: 199-207.
Thunyarpar, T. 1998. Physiological aspects on flowering of lychee and longan: a review. J. Japan. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 67: 1161-1163.
Trewavas, A. 1991. How do plant growth substances work? Plant Cell Environ. 14: 1-12.
Van de Poel, B., J. Ceusters, and M.P. De Proft. 2009. Determination of pineapple (Ananas comosus, MD-2 hybrid cultivar) plant maturity, the efficiency of flowering induction agents and the use of activated carbon. Sci. Hortic. 120: 58-63.
Wallerstein, I. and W. Runger. 1985. Hydragea macrophylla, p. 286-288. In: Halevy, A. E. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Flowering, Vol. III. CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, Florida.
Westwood, M.N. 1993. Temperate zone pomology: physiology and Culture, 3rd. Timber Press, Portland.

第十一章參考文獻(Reference)
柯勇. 2002. 植物生理學. 藝軒圖書出版社. 台北.
張玉、陳昆松、張上隆. 2004. 彌猴桃果實中內源水楊酸的提取、測定及其在採後研究中的應用.中國食品學報.4: 6-9.
Britto, D.T. and H.J. Kronzucker. 2005. Nitrogen acquisition, PEP carboxylase, and cellular pH homeostasis: new views on old paradigms. Plant Cell Envir. 28: 1396-1409.
Chen, H.J. and J.J. Kuc. 1999. Ca2+-dependent excretion of salicylic acid in tobacco cell suspension cultures. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 40: 267-273.
Chen, H.J., W.C. Hou, J.J. Kuc, and Y.H. Lin. 2001. Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent excretion modes of salicylic acid in tobacco cell suspension culture. J. Exp. Bot. 52: 1219-1226.
Clarke, A., L.A.J. Mur, R.M. Darby, and P. Kenton. 2005. Harpin modulates the accumulation of salicylic acid by Arabidopsis cells via apoplastic alkalization. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 3129-36.
Dat, J.F., L.D. Humberto, C.H. Foyer, and I.M. Scott. 1998. Parallel changes in H2O2 and catalase during thermotolerance induced by salicylic acid or heat acclimation in mustard seedlings. Plant Physiol. 116: 1351-1357.
Ervin, E.H., X. Zhang, and R.E. Schmidt. 2005. Exogenous salicylic acid enhances post-transplant success of heated kentucky bluegeass and tall fescue sod. Crop Sci.: 240-244.
Fariduddin, Q., S. Hayat, and A. Ahmad. 2003. Salicylic acid influences net photosynthetic rate, carboxylation efficiency, nitrate reductase activity and seed yield in Brassica juncea. Photosynthetica 41: 281-284.
Franeta, J.T., D. Agbaba, S. Eric, S. Pavkov, M. Aleksic, and S. Vladimirov. 2002. HPLC assay of acetylsalicylic acid, paracetamol, caffeine and phenobarbital in tablets. II Farmaco 57: 709-713.
Friedman, H., S. Meir, A.H. Halevy, and S. Philosoph-Hadas. 2003. Inhibition of the gravitropic bending response of flowering shoots by salicylic acid. Plant Sci. 165: 905-911.
Garcia-Sancho, J. and A. Sanchez. 1978. Use of salicylic acid to measure the apparent intracellular pH in the Ehrlich ascites-tumor cell and Escherichia coli. Biochem. Biophys. Acta. 509: 148-158.
Ghai, N., R.C. Setia, and N. Setia. 2002. Effects of paclobutrazol and salicylic acid on chlorophyll content, hill activity and yield components in Brassica napus L. (cv. GSL-1). Phytomorphology 52: 83-87.
Gutierrez-Coronado, M.H., C. Trejo-Lopez, and A. Larque-Saavedra. 1998. Effects of salicylic acid on the growth of roots and shoots in soybean. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 36: 563-565.
Hayat, S., B. Ali, and A. Ahmad. 2007. Salicylic acid:biosynthesis, metabolism and physiological role in plants, p.1-14. In: Hayat, S. and A. Ahmad (eds.). Salicylic acid-a plant hormone, Springer Press, Netherlands.
Hayat, S., Q. Fariduddin, B. Ali, and A. Ahmad. 2005. Effects of salicylic acid on growth and enzyme activities of wheat seedlings. Acta. Agron. Hung. 53: 433-437.
Horváth, E., G. Szalai, and T. Janda. 2007. Induction of abiotic stress tolerance by salicylic acid signaling. J. Plant Growth Regul. 26: 290-300.
Huang, Y.F., C.T. Chen, and C.H. Kao. 1993. Salicylic acid inhibits the biosynthesis of ethylene in detached rice leaves. Plant Growth Regul. 12: 79-82.
Kang, G., C. Wang, G. Sun, and Z. Wang. 2003. Salicylic acid changes activities of H2O2 metabolizing enzymes and increases the chilling tolerance of banana seedlings. Environ. Exp. Bot. 50: 9-15.
Khan, W., B. Prithviraj, and D.L. Smith. 2003. Photosynthetic responses of corn and soybean to foliar application of salicylates. J. Plant Physiol. 160: 485-492.
Khurana, J.P. and C.F. Cleland. 1992. Role of salicylic acid and benzoic acid in flowering of a photoperiod-insensitive strain, Lemna paucicostata. Plant Physiol. 100: 1541-1546.
Kumar, P., N.J. Lakshmi, and V.P. Mani. 2000. Interactive effects of salicylic acid and phytohormones on photosynthesis and grain yield of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill). Physiol. Mol. Biol. Plants 6: 179-186.
Leslie, C.A. and R.J. Romani. 1986. Salicylic acid: a new inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis. Plant Cell Rep. 5: 144-146.
Leslie, C.A. and R.J. Romani. 1988. Inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis by salicylic acid. Plant Physiol. 88: 833-837.
Macri, F., A. Kanello, and S. Pennazio. 1986. Salicylate-collapsed membrane potential in pea stem mitochondria. Physiol. Plant. 67: 136-140.
Martin-Mex, R., E. Villanueva-Couoh, T. Herrera-Campos, and A. Larque-Saavedra. 2005. Positive effect of salicylates on the flowering of African violet. Sci. Hortic. 103: 499-502.
Mekhedov, S.L. and H. Kende. 1996. Submergence enhances expression of a gene encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase in deepwater rice. Plant Cell Physiol. 37: 531-534.
Popova, L., T. Pancheva, and A. Uzunova. 1997. Salicylic acid: properties, biosynthesis and physiological role. Bulg. J. Plant Physiol. 23: 85-93.
Raskin, I., I.M. Turner, and W.R. Melander. 1989. Regulation of heat production in the inflorescence of Arum lily by endogenous salicylic acid. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 86: 2214-2218.
Sayyari, M., M. Babalar, S. Kalantari, M. Serrano, and D. Valero. 2009. Effect of salicylic acid treatment on reducing chilling injury in stored pomegranates. Postharv. Bio. Technol. 53: 152-154.
Shi, Q., Z. Bao, Z. Zhu, Q. Ying, and Q. Qian. 2006. Effects of different treatments of salicylic acid on heat tolerance, chlorophyll fluorescence, and antioxidant enzyme activity in seedlings of Cucumis sativa L. Plant Growth Regul. 48: 127-135.
Srivastava, M.K. and U.N. Dwivedi. 2000. Delayed ripening of banana fruit by salicylic acid. Plant Sci. 158: 87-96.
Tasgim, E., O. Atici, and B. Nalbantoglu. 2003. Effects of salicylic acid and cold on freezing tolerance in winter wheat leaves. Plant Growth Regul. 41: 231-236.
Ververdis, P. and P. John. 1991. Complete recovery in vitro of ethylene-forming enzyme activity. Phytochem. 30: 725-727.
Yang, Y., M. Qi, and C. Mei. 2004. Endogenous salicylic acid protects rice plants from oxidative damage caused by aging as well as biotic and abiotic stress. Plant J. 40: 909-919.
Zhang, Y., K.S. Chang, Q.J. Chang, S.L. Zhang, and Y.P. Ren. 2003. Effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and ethylene treatments on ripening and softening of postharvest kiwifruit. Acta Bot. Sin. 45: 1447-1452.

第十二章參考文獻(Reference)
Cleland, C.F. and A. Ajami. 1974. Identification of the flower-inducing factor isolated from aphid honeydew as being salicylic acid. Plant Physiol. 54: 904-906.
Fariduddin, Q., S. Hayat, and A. Ahmad. 2003. Salicylic acid influences net photosynthetic rate, carboxylation efficiency, nitrate reductase activity and seed yield in Brassica juncea. Photosynthetica 41: 281-284.
Hasegawa, P.M. and R.D. Locy. 2002. Ethylene: the gaseous hormone, p. 591-623. In: Taiz, L. and E. Zeiger (eds.). Plant Physiology, 3rd edn. Sinauer associates, Sunderlands.
Hayat, S., B. Ali, and A. Ahmad. 2007. Salicylic acid:biosynthesis, metabolism and physiological role in plants, p.1-14. In: Hayat, S. and A. Ahmad (eds.). Salicylic acid-a plant hormone, Springer Press, Netherlands.
Hayat, Q., S. Hayat, M. Irfan, and A. Ahmad. 2010. Effect of exogenous salicylic acid under changing environment: A review. Environ. Exp. Bot. 68: 14-25.
Ichimura, K. and K. Suto. 1998. Environmental factors controlling flower opening and closing in a Portulaca Hybrid. Ann. Bot. 82: 67-70.
Kamenetsky, R., A. Barzilay, A. Erez, and A.H. Halevy. 2003. Temperature requirement for floral development of herbaceous peony cv. ‘Sarah Bernhardt’. Sci. Hortic. 97: 309-320.
Kang, G.Z., Z.X. Wang, and G.C. Sun. 2003. Participation of H2O2 in enhancement of cold chilling by salicylic acid in banana seedlings. Acta Bot. Sin. 45: 567-573.
Leslie, C.A. and R.J. Romani. 1986. Salicylic acid: a new inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis. Plant Cell Rep. 5: 144-146.
Leslie, C.A. and R.J. Romani. 1988. Inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis by salicylic acid. Plant Physiol. 88: 833-837.
Mahmood, K., J.G. Carew, P. Hadley, and N.H. Battey. 2000. Chill unit model for the sweet cherry cvs Stella, Sunburst and Summit. J. Hortic. Sci. Biotech. 75: 602-606.
Rao, M.V., H. Lee, and K.R. Davis. 2002. Ozone-induced ethylene production is dependent on salicylic acid, and both salicylic acid and ethylene act in concert to regulate ozone-induced cell death. Plant J. 32: 447-456.
Raskin, I., I.M. Turnert, and W.R. Melander. 1989. Regulation of heat production in the inflorescences of an arum lily by endogenous salicylic acid. Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. 86: 2214-2218.
Sung, F.H. and Y.S. Chang. 2001. Rhododendron mucronatum G. Don grown in subtropical Taiwan does not manifest endodormancy. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 42: 187-191.
Vera, P. and V. Conejero. 1989. The induction and accumulation of the pathogenesis-related P69 proteinase in tomato during citrus exocortis viroid infection and in response to chemical treatments. Physiol. Mol. Plant Path. 34: 323-334.
Wang, L.J. and S.H. Li. 2006. Salicylic acid-induced heat or cold tolerance in relation to Ca2+ homeostasis and antioxidant systems in young grape plants. Plant Sci. 170: 685-694.
Zhang, Y., K.S. Chang, Q.J. Chang, S.L. Zhang, and Y.P. Ren. 2003. Effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and ethylene treatments on ripening and softening of postharvest kiwifruit. Acta Bot. Sin. 45: 1447-1452.