臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

臺灣的蔬菜育苗主流為穴盤育苗，由於育苗期間的水份管理與移植後的成長息息相關。為了確保苗株的品質，提高苗株移植後的存活率及產量，對於穴盤苗株進行水份狀態的偵測有其必要。植物生長過程中，容易遭受包括水份等不同逆境的影響，導致生長受到干擾，使光合作用產生變化，造成植物螢光表現的變異。因為由植物葉綠素螢光之反應，能探討植物遭遇逆境的狀況，故可利用以偵測苗株之水份逆境，藉以管理蔬菜育苗時之水份供應。
本研究使用八組藍光LED之燈組作為螢光激發光源，四部攝影機組成之同步多通道影像擷取系統及以鋁擠型、黑色布幔製成之暗室設備，並利用FXGPWIN、Visual C++、Matlab等軟體撰寫系統之控制及分析程式，開發一套多通道螢光光譜影像檢測系統。系統選用460 nm、690 nm、720 nm及740 nm四個波長之濾光鏡，擷取於此四種波長下之不同水份逆境處理之甘藍苗株葉片的螢光影像，並量測葉片水份含量及水份潛勢，以探討其與螢光指標之關係。
研究所開發之多通道螢光光譜影像檢測系統，能有效量測苗株葉片之螢光影像，並建立葉綠素螢光淬息曲線，以求得最大螢光值Fm與穩態螢光值Fs。同時，本研究也建立一個動態螢光指標（dynamic fluorescence index, DFI），僅需170秒就能完成該指標的量測，大大縮短傳統上之量測時間。分析結果得知，使用720 nm波長之DFI螢光指標預測甘藍苗株葉片之水份潛勢更優於使用傳統之Rfd螢光指標，DFI及Rfd對水份潛勢之相關係數r各為0.944及0.795，標準誤差SEE各為0.286及0.525 Mpa。在去除高水份逆境之樣本後，DFI對水份潛勢之相關係數僅微微降低至0.861，不同於Rfd的則降低許多，其r由0.795降至0.416，可顯示DFI在植物遭遇較低水份逆境時仍具有高的預測能力，因此DFI對水份之逆境具有敏感性，且能應用於逆境尚未造成傷害時之檢測，可防範水份逆境於未然。

Most of vegetable seedling nurseries in Taiwan adopt plug tray system for seedlings production. The proper water management during the seedling nursery is important to the growth after transplanting. In order to ensure the quality of the seedlings and to improve the production after transplanting, the water status of the plug seedlings is necessary to be monitored and detected. Several kinds of stresses such as water stress may affect the growth of plants due to the variation of photosynthesis and result in the changes of fluorescence reaction. The status of plants under water stress can be assessed according to the response of chlorophyll fluorescence. Therefore, the technology which can measure water stress of plants is needed for irrigation mangement during seedling growth.
In this study, a multi-channel fluorescence spectral imaging system was developed, which consisted of eight sets of blue-LED fluorescence inducing light, a multi-spectral imaging system with four CCD cameras, and a dark chamber. The control and analysis programs of the system were programmed by using FXGPWIN, Visual C++, and MATLAB. Filters with four wavelengths, 460 nm, 690 nm, 720 nm, and 740 nm were used to detect the fluorescence emission spectra of the leaves of cabbage seedlings under various water stresses. After measuring water contents and water potential of the leaves, the relationship among them and the indices of fluorescence can be found.
The multi-channel fluorescence spectral imaging system was proofed that can effectively detect fluorescence images of seedling leaves, and then get maximum fluorescence (Fm) and steady-state fluorescence (Fs) from the fluorescence quenching curve of them. Besides, a novel fluorescence index (dynamic fluorescence index, DFI) was developed in this study. With the proposed DFI, highly correlated data (r = 0.944) and low standard error of estimate (SEE = 0.286 MPa) to the water potential values can be obtained from a single channel around 720 nm and with shorter imaging times (170 seconds). The coefficient of correlation reduced to 0.861 after eliminating samples with high water stresses, indicating that DFI still has high predictability under condition of low water stress to plants.

目 錄
口試委員會審定書 i
誌 謝 ii
摘 要 iv
Abstract v
目 錄 vii
圖目錄 x
表目錄 xii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 論文架構 2
第二章 同步多通道螢光光譜影像系統建立與測試 4
2.1 前言 4
2.2 多通道螢光光譜影像系統之建立 8
2.2.1 系統設計 8
2.2.1.1 暗室 9
2.2.1.2 螢光激發光源控制系統 9
2.2.1.3 同步多通道螢光光譜影像擷取系統 11
2.2.2 系統操作 12
2.3 螢光波段的選取及影像處理與分析 13
2.3.1 螢光波段的選取 13
2.3.2 CCD感測光學特性 15
2.3.3 影像處理與分析 16
2.4 穴盤苗株螢光光譜影像量測 18
2.4.1 樣本準備 18
2.4.2 儀器設備 18
2.4.3 實驗方法 19
2.5 結果與討論 19
2.5.1 初秋甘藍苗株螢光影像分析 19
2.5.2 初秋甘藍苗株螢光淬息曲線圖分析 20
2.6 結論 21
第三章 利用傳統螢光指標探討甘藍穴盤苗株含水率之關係 22
3.1 前言 22
3.2 材料與方法 24
3.2.1 樣本準備 24
3.2.2 儀器設備 24
3.2.3 實驗方法 25
3.2.3.1 螢光光譜影像取像 25
3.2.3.2 螢光光譜影像處理 25
3.2.3.3 樣本含水率分析 25
3.3 結果與討論 26
3.3.1 缺水處理與含水率的比較 26
3.3.2 含水率與螢光強度的關係 27
3.3.3 含水率與傳統螢光指標之探討 28
3.4 結論 30
第四章 以藍光LED螢光影像系統之動態螢光指標評估植物苗株之水份逆境 31
4.1 前言 31
4.2 材料與方法 33
4.2.1 樣本準備 33
4.2.2 螢光影像系統 33
4.2.3 螢光影像擷取與分析 35
4.2.4 水份潛勢的量測 36
4.3 結果與討論 37
4.3.1螢光影像波段的選取 37
4.3.2 取像和資料處理 38
4.3.3 植物逆境的水份潛勢和螢光淬熄 39
4.3.4 動態螢光指標（DFI）之建立 41
4.4 結論 45
第五章 總結與建議 46
5.1 總結 46
5.2 建議 47
參考文獻 48

圖目錄
圖2-1 綠色植物進行光合作用能量傳遞示意圖 5
圖2-2 同步多光譜螢光影像系統示意圖 9
圖2-3 同步多光譜螢光影像系統 10
圖2-4 多光譜螢光影像擷取流程圖 12
圖2-5 光譜輻射分析儀 14
圖2-6 不同葉綠素含量之甘藍苗螢光光譜 15
圖2-7 光學攝影機之感測器響應強度分佈圖 16
圖2-8 多光譜螢光影像計算分析流程圖 17
圖2-9 二維影像中單葉之螢光強度分佈圖 18
圖2-10由螢光影像強度計算之螢光淬息曲線與時間關係圖 20
圖2-11 同步多光譜螢光影像系統相同樣本不同波長螢光淬息曲線與時間關係圖 21
圖3-1 各處理組之螢光影像平均強度時間關係圖及對應之影像 27
圖3-2 螢光影影像淬息曲線上Fm與Fs示意圖 29
圖3-3 螢光指標（Fm/Fs及Rfd）與甘藍苗株含水率線性迴歸分析圖 30
圖4-1 多通道螢光影像系統(MSFIS)示意圖 35
圖4-2 甘藍葉片螢光影像和淬息曲線 36
圖4-3 水份潛勢測試儀 37
圖4-4 使用C-52樣品水份測試箱量測甘藍苗葉片樣本之水份潛勢 37
圖4-5 實驗組（EA, EB, EC, ED）與對照組（RF）之螢光影像強度與時間關係圖及相對應之Fm、Fs螢光影像 40
圖4-6 不同處理組之螢光淬息曲線經過正規化後螢光強度與時間關係圖 41
圖4-7 Fe分別在第100秒及第300秒的動態螢光指標（DFI）示意圖 42
圖4-8 動態螢光指標（DFI）在170秒示意圖 43
圖4-9 三個不同波段之葉片水份潛勢與動態螢光指標（DFI）之關係 43
圖4-10 甘藍苗株葉片水份潛勢與傳統指標Rfd及動態螢光指標DFI之關係圖 44

表目錄
表3-1甘藍穴盤苗生長管理與缺水處理日程表 24
表3-2不同實驗組與對照組之甘藍苗葉片平均水份含水率 26
表4-1苗株水份逆境處理後之水份潛勢數據 40
表4-2 Rfd 和 DFI 指標之相關係數和預測標準差對照表 45

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