臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究首先針對不同地區與國家之原油，使用油品化學指紋圖譜配合具來源意義特徵因子比值之鑑定技術，分析各種原油間之差異性，並藉由已知來源地區原油的特徵因子比值特性，刪去易造成誤差的比值。研究中藉由分析比對過程找出適用的生物指標與來源特徵性較高之比值，建立合適的油污染鑑識流程圖，並依此推測未知地區進口原油特性。研究進一步將此流程應用於鑑識不同煉製方法之柴油，分析探討不同煉製方法對油品特性之影響，找出柴油鑑識適用的生物指標與特徵因子比值。鑑識流程中配合多元統計方法(如PCA、HCA)，利用其具備同時對多種比值進行分析的特點，快速有效的將油品分群並探討特徵因子比值選取對其分群效果之影響。並進一步運用重覆性限法與t檢驗評估圖分析技術，針對經由傳統一般指紋圖譜比對方法與多元統計方法尚無法鑑別的相似油品，進行評估以提供可信的佐證，並找出適用的特徵因子比值。本研究所建立之油污染鑑識流程與統計分析方法以及所適用的生物指標與特徵因子比值，當漏油事件發生時，將可作為確認漏油污染物的類型及追蹤污染源之有效工具。

Oil source tracking and identification related technologies are constantly being developed and applied since oil spill accidents occurred frequently that cause great impact on the environmental and ecological systems as well as the economy.
In this study, fresh crude oils from different regions and countries were analyzed and recognized by using chemical fingerprint chromatogram together with source-sensitive diagnostic ratios. Following the proposed oil spill identification flowchart with various appropriate biomarkers and source-specific ratios, it’s possible to identify characteristics of crude oils from unknown resources. Moreover, oil characteristics can be classified even more effectively by multivariate statistical approach such as principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), repeatability limit and student’s t-test to statistically evaluate the imperceptible differences between oils.
It was shown that our proposed flowchart of oil spill identification with appropriate biomarkers and diagnostic ratios along with the multivariate statistical analysis techniques were also applied effectively to identify different diesel types, oil-to-oil correlation, and oil source tracking.

致謝 I
摘要 II
Abstract III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 XIII
第一章 前言 1
1-1研究背景 1
1-1-1環境法醫學 1
1-1-2油輪漏油事件 2
1-1-3其它漏油事件 5
1-1-4我國漏油污染事件 5
1-1-5我國相關法規 7
1-2研究動機 7
1-3研究目的 8
第二章 文獻回顧 9
2-1漏油污染檢測方法 9
2-2風化作用影響評估 12
2-3生物指標 15
2-3-1正烷烴 15
2-3-2異戊間二烯(Isoprenoids) 15
2-3-3生物指標定義 16
2-3-4生物指標化合物 16
2-4生物指標化合物分析方法 24
2-4-1分析方法 24
2-4-2特徵因子比值(Diagnostic Ratio, DR) 26
2-5油品指紋統計分析鑑別方法 30
2-5-1重覆性限法(Repeatability Limit) 30
2-5-2 t檢驗方法(Student’s t-test) 30
2-5-3集群分析法(Cluster Analysis) 31
2-5-4主成份分析法(Principal Component Analysis, PCA) 32
2-6 國內外相關研究文獻之探討 33
2-7 漏油污染鑑識評估 43
第三章 材料與方法 44
3-1油污染鑑識流程 44
3-2實驗藥品與材料 44
3-3氣相層析質譜儀 (GC/MS) 48
3-3-1 GC/MS分析設定 48
3-3-2氣相層析質譜分析-離子源 48
3-4油品生物指標之定性描述 50
3-5上機條件分析 65
3-6特徵因子比值計算與一致性評估 71
3-6-1特徵因子比值計算 71
3-6-2特徵因子比值對比分析 71
3-6-3樣品一致性(Match)評估 72
第四章 結果與討論 75
4-1進口原油生物指標指紋圖譜分析 75
4-2使用原油分析具來源特徵性(Source-Sensitive)的特徵因子比值 107
4-3原油特徵因子比值之對比分析 111
4-4原油特徵因子比值一致性(Match)評估 131
4-5煉製油品生物指標指紋圖譜分析 148
4-6柴油特徵因子比值計算與評估 166
4-7柴油特徵因子比值之對比分析 168
4-8柴油特徵因子比值一致性(Match)評估 175
第五章 結論與建議 181
5-1結論 181
5-2建議 182
參考文獻 183

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