臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在ZigBee定位系統中，定位信號之測量方式常見以接收其無線接收信號強度指標(Received Signal Strength Indicator; RSSI)或連結品質指標(Link Quality Index; LQI)為主。因測量RSSI指標是最容易實現與計算，且不需要額外的硬體設備，所以有許多相關研究提出不同RSSI測量值估算法以建立定位信號強度與距離關係之環境模型。採用不同之RSSI測量值估算方法，對於定位結果準確度會有不同程度之誤差影響。因此本文提出一種具有低計算複雜度與高準確性之定位信號估算方法:拆頭去尾法，來建立RSSI信號強度與距離之環境模型。從實驗得知以此模型進行定位時，可有效降低位置誤差範圍。另外，過去研究中常見選擇定位信號強度最強之三個固定節點作為定位參考點，進行定位估算。在本文中根據已建立之RSSI信號強度與距離環境模型曲線斜率，提出新的參考節點選擇法，作為選擇適當之固定節點作為定位時所需之三個參考點。依此法選擇之參考點應用於不同定位方法進行未知目標節點之位置估算時，與過去研究常見選定參考點之方法進行定位估算比較，從實驗得知可有效提高定位準確度。最後，本文將前文提出之拆頭去尾法與參考節點選擇法同時加入不同之定位方法進行實際目標節點之定位估算。實驗結果顯示，本文研究加入不同定位方法時，估算不同環境下之未知目標節點位置，均具有縮小誤差範圍並提高定位準確度之效果。因此，本文提出之研究成果，可應用於改善過去ZigBee系統作為近距離定位時誤差範圍太大之缺點。

關鍵詞：ZigBee，無線接收信號強度，連結品質指標，定位方法。

In the ZigBee-based positioning system, the positioning signals used to estimate the distance are mainly by detecting their received signal strength indicator (RSSI) or link quality indicator (LQI). Due to the RSSI easily performed and no additional hardware needed, there are many various RSSI measuring methods proposed by the previous studies in order to create the environment models of the relation between RSSI and distance. As using the environment model to perform positioning procedure, the various measure methods result in different error degrees of the positioning accuracy. Therefore, a low performance complexity and high positioning accuracy measure method will be proposed, named cutting ceiling-floor method, to create the environment model. The experiment results show the good positioning performance by the proposed method. Moreover, in the most researches, they select three highest RSSI level nodes as references from the all fixed nodes to perform the positioning procedure. It usually obtains the worse positioning results. Therefore, a new method to select reference nodes appropriately is proposed according to the slope of curve in the environmental model. When the new selection method is operated to estimate the target positions, the experiment results show that it effectively reduces the erroneous range and improves the positioning accuracy in comparison with selecting the highest RSSI level nodes as the references. Finally, adopting both the cutting ceiling-floor and the reference node selection methods for the various positioning system, the experiment results show that they always have obviously improvements for positioning accuracy in the different environments. As a result, the two proposed methods are useful for the ZigBee positioning systems to promote the performance.
Keywords： ZigBee, RSSI, LQI, Positioning.

摘要................................i
Abstract..........................iii
誌謝................................v
表目錄...........................viii
圖目錄..............................x
第一章 緒論.........................1
第二章 相關研究.....................5
2.1 ZigBee之規範....................5
2.2 RSSI定位信號及估算方法介紹.....12
2.3 RSSI為基礎之定位方法...........15
第三章 拆頭去尾法..................20
3.1 拆頭去尾法之原理...............20
3.2 RSSI估算方法之實驗.............21
第四章 改善定位方法策略............31
4.1 參考節點選擇法.................31
4.2 加入參考節點選擇法之定位系統...34
5.1 實驗設定.......................36
5.2 定位效能之公式.................37
5.3 不同RSSI估算方法之定位實驗.....38
5.4 不同定位方法之實驗.............41
第六章 結論........................49
參考文獻...........................50

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