臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

二氧化鈦與氧化鋅廣用於化粧保養品中做為防曬劑，過於微細化的顆粒於照射紫外線時有引發自由基反應之虞，本研究以水楊酸捕捉光催化反應生成的氫氧自由基，檢測反應產物2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid、2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid、Catechol而獲知化粧品防曬劑的自由基生成情形。
選擇五種市售防曬化粧品常用的二氧化鈦為研究標的，與未做表面處理的試藥級二氧化鈦做比較，在水分散情形下均可發現氫氧自由基生成，銳鈦礦型或混合晶相結構者具倍增的生成量，同樣有光催化效能。值得注意的是，奈米級微粒二氧化鈦的自由基生成量與一般銳鈦礦型相近或更高，含有10%此種粉末的水分散液有高達385ppm的水楊酸消耗量，也就是說粒徑愈小的二氧化鈦愈有產生自由基危害的可能性的。
透過加入油相製成乳化液可有抑制氫氧自由基生成的效果，金紅石型二氧化鈦若配製成O/W劑型甚至可將生成量降到幾近為零，這個現象對於同是物理性防曬劑的氧化鋅也適用。氧化鋅具有較低的光催化活性，在水分散型樣品中的行為類似紅石型二氧化鈦，含有10%氧化鋅粉末的水分散液約有80ppm的水楊酸消耗量，不過經乳化後幾乎可以抑制自由基的發生。
除了製成乳化液的保護方式外，適當的包覆層可使防曬效能較不受外在環境的影響，是製做長效型防曬產品的優良選擇。原本透過乳化劑型做保護已使水楊酸消耗量降低很多，若再以矽酸四乙酯做包覆層，還可以繼續降低一些，雖無法大幅銳減，仍能說明矽酸四乙酯的包覆層確有保護力。若將乳化液照射陽光數週的時間後，發現SPF值的呈現幾乎可以保持恆定，由此也證明適當的包覆層可以提供優良的保護特性，使防曬效能不因照射陽光而衰退過劇。

Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide widely use as sunscreens in cosmetics. The fine particles are the risk of triggering free radical reactions under ultraviolet light. In this experiment, salicylic acid is used to capture the hydroxyl radical after photocatalysis reaction. The free radical formation is obtained through detecting the reaction products of 2,3-dihydroxylbenzoic acid, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and catechol.
Five kinds of commercial titanium dioxide are compared with those which have not any surface treatment. All of them can be found hydroxyl radical after reaction in aqueous dispersion. Titanium dioxide with anatase type or mixed crystal structure has doubled the amount of hydroxyl radical formation. It is noteworthy that nano-particles of titanium dioxide have similar or higher hydroxyl radical formation than anatase type. It has a consumption of salicylic acid up to 385ppm in 10% dispersion. The smaller particle size of titanium dioxide, the more the possibility of harmful free radicals.
By adding oil phase to make titanium dioxide emulsion, hydroxyl radical formation can be inhibited. If the preparation of rutile titanium dioxide into the O/W formulations, hydroxyl radical formation can even be reduced to nearly zero. This phenomenon is the same for zinc oxide as physical sunscreen. Zinc oxide has a lower photocatalytic activity like what rutile titanium dioxide act in aqueous dispersion. It has a consumption of salicylic acid about 80ppm in 10% dispersion. However, hydroxyl radical can be almost inhibited by making emulsion.
Beside protection by emulsion, a proper encapsulation is also suitable for long-term sunscreen products, because it can avoid external environmental interference. The encapsulation of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) can even more reduce the consumption of salicylic acid than emulsion formulations can do. Although not significantly bring down, tetraethyl ortho- silicate encapsulation still shows a good protection. Exposuring to the sun for a few weeks, the SPF value of TEOS emulsion is almost constant. It can be proved that a proper encapsulation can protect the sunscreen from excessive decay.

中文摘要
英文摘要
目錄
表目錄
圖目錄
壹、緒論
1-1前言
1-2具防曬功效的化粧保養品
1-3奈米科技的新興應用
1-4二氧化鈦簡介
1-5自由基與自由基反應
1-6氫氧自由基的產生與測定
1-7奈米包覆載體
貳、材料與方法
2-1試藥與溶劑
2-2儀器設備
2-3實驗方法
參、結果與討論
3-1測試樣品的定性與定量
3-2二氧化鈦的自由基表現
3-3氧化鋅的自由基生成量
3-4二氧化鈦與包覆層的關連性
3-5幾丁聚醣包覆製程與包覆情形
肆、結論
伍、參考文獻

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