臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來，網路恐怖主義等網路襲擊議題廣為受到重視，其行為主體從個體、組織、國家、次國家行為者等，皆可發現其蹤跡及影響力，彷彿是一顆未爆彈，威脅現今的國際關係與國家安全。有趣的是，網路科技發展尚未達到一百年的時間，但相較於過去文藝復興、科學革命、工業革命時期，網路劇烈的改變了人類的生活環境與生活模式；進一步，影響了各層次的運作方式，促使行為體之間的互動更加頻繁，互動模式更加複雜。
冷戰結束後，層出不窮的脫序事件影響了全世界，尤其恐怖主義震驚國際舞台後，伊拉克戰爭、中東戰爭等反恐行動一幕幕跟著演出，原先既有的國際秩序受到嚴重挑戰。國際社會長期處於發展不均的情況下，第三世界國家、次國家行為者、弱勢團體試圖透過不對稱的攻擊方式發聲，於是其行為往往超乎國家認知的「理性範圍」內，導致這股新興力量大大的威脅國際安全，不僅造成人員傷亡，更造成各界損失慘重。尤其近十年來，這股新興勢力在新式科技的助力下，網路戰(Cyber-warfare)、電腦犯罪(Computer crime)、網路恐怖主義如雨後春筍般發跡，導致許多學者開始高度關注網路襲擊相關議題，並試圖找出解決之道。
當今全球化、科技化的時代下，握有新技術支援的網路恐怖主義，不僅影響現今國際社會的安全，還可能連帶影響政治、經濟、軍事、戰略等多重複合層面，促使國際組織、國家間、公私部門職能開始出現有別於冷戰時期恐怖平衡的國際關係。網路恐怖主義彷彿一股催化劑般，造成國際政治、經濟、安全等區塊燃起了一股新的化學變化，然而面臨新的挑戰時，現存的國際組織，甚至各國家本身，尚未擁有共識來應對與處理新式威脅或不確定因素。換言之，網路恐怖主義仍有許多灰色地帶等待我們加以討論與釐清、探索及研究。

In the recent years, Cyber-terrorism and other related cyber attack issues have been taken seriously. From individuals, organizations, sub-national group to nations, we all can find the cases and its powerful impact. Therefore, Cyber-terrorism is such a bomb to threaten our international relations and national security nowadays. However, the most interesting part is that the development of internet technology has not been over one hundred years yet, but it already has changed the human beings’ environment and model of life comparing to Renaissance, Scientific Revolution, and Industrial Revolution. Furthermore, it changes the mode of operation of all the levels, having the actors interact with others more frequently, more complicated.
After the Cold War, unleashed conflicts challenged the world peace, especially terrorism astonished all the nations in the international society, causing the Iraq war, Middle East war, and other counter-terrorism actions to response to these violence, our existing world order desolated seriously. Because the international society has been under an uneven development, the developing countries, sub-national groups, and under-privileged groups try to use asymmetrical warfare way to speak up for themselves. That is why the result of these attacks is usually over our rational conscience, threatening the international security and contributing to large-scale losses. In the recent ten years, this emerging security threat has combined with new technologies and popped up in a new form, such as Cyber-warfare, Computer Crime, and Cyber-terrorism, and more and more scholars and security experts start to study these cyber-attacks and dedicate to find out the solution.
Until now, under a globalization and technologization era, transformed Cyber-terrorism with new technologies support not only influences the international social security but also politics, economics, military etc., a security complex idea, having the function of international organization, nations, and public and private departments changed, different from the relations of balance of terror in the Cold War or one superpower and many minor powers in Post-Cold War. Cyber-terrorism is such as a catalyze igniting a new chemical change in politics, economics, security and other sectors; however, while the nations are facing new challenges, even the existing international organizations and nations themselves still do not have enough power or consensus to deal with this new threat or other uncertainties. In other words, Cyber-terrorism is an indefinite idea that we need to discuss, explore, and study more

目錄

目錄 …………………………………………………………………………………I
表目錄………………………………………………………………………………III
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………………IV

第一章、 緒論………………………………………………………………………1
第一節 研究背景……………………………………………………2
第二節 文獻探討……………………………………………………6
第三節 問題意識……………………………………………………8
第四節 研究目的與範圍……………………………………………11
第五節 研究途徑與方法……………………………………………12
第六節 相關理論說明與應用………………………………………15
第七節 研究流程……………………………………………………17
第二章、 網路恐怖主義的本質、定義與內涵……………………………………21
第一節 網路恐怖主義的本質………………………………………21
第二節 網路恐怖主義現階段的定義與內涵………………………35
第三節 網路襲擊的動機、目標與方法………………………………44
第三章、 網路恐怖主義對國際網路安全之影響…………………………………55
第一節 網路恐怖主義如何衝擊國際網路安全……………………55
第二節 網路恐怖主義對相關層面之影響…………………………67
第四章、 國際網路安全之合作與建構……………………………………………87
第一節 網路安全納入國家安全戰略思維…………………………88
第二節 相關理論對國際網路安全戰略之應用與啟發……………93
第三節 既有理論對國際網路安全策略建構之作用………………99
第四節 制度化跨國反網路恐怖主義之實踐與啟發……………105
第五節 他國經驗與我國應對之作為……………………………111
第五章、 結論……………………………………………………………………119
第一節 研究總結……………………………………………………119
第二節 政策建議……………………………………………………120
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………123


表目錄

表1-1、研究流程表……………………………………………………………………17
表1-2、本文研究過程解構表…………………………………………………………18
表2-1、網路科技發展表………………………………………………………………23
表2-2、早期網路襲擊案例……………………………………………………………30
表2-3、各方學者對網路恐怖主義的定義……………………………………………39
表2-4、作者對網路恐怖主義的定義…………………………………………………43
表2-5、干預安全措施與系統運作之順序……………………………………………46
表2-6、常見的網路襲擊手法…………………………………………………………51
表3-1、2008年聯邦調查局針對電腦犯罪與網路安全評鑑報告…………………61
表3-2、網路恐怖主義與恐怖主義對關鍵基礎建設之威脅…………………………72
表3-3、2001至2010年美國聯邦調查局敘述網路威脅來源與目的之統整表……83
表4-1、新興網路恐怖主義威脅管道與當今資訊科技的弱點………………………89
表4-2、2003年美國反網路恐怖主義之戰略指導方針……………………………101
表4-3、美國對網路安全戰略的思維………………………………………………102
表4-4、評論美國網路安全戰略的缺點……………………………………………104
表4-5、組織層次體系與網絡組織的比較…………………………………………110


圖目錄

圖2-1、蓋達組織劫機與脅持約翰遜作為人質的影片畫面圖………………………48
圖2-2、惡意網站………………………………………………………………………52
圖2-3、電子郵件轉寄惡意程式網址…………………………………………………53
圖3-1、1998年美國肯亞大使館遭恐怖襲擊後的圖片與1995年恐怖分
子攻擊世貿前的錄影存證………………………………………………58
圖3-2、駭客組織：匿名(Anonymous)發表威脅聲明的影片畫面圖………………63
圖3-3、恐怖組織與相關行為體主要分佈圖…………………………………………66
圖3-4、聯邦調查局截獲重要加密訊息………………………………………………67
圖3-5、2010年各部門遭受網路襲擊之比例圖……………………………………80
圖3-6、2000年至2010年美國網路犯罪投訴中心接獲案例之統計圖……………80
圖3-7、前十大國家的網路犯罪比例分佈圖…………………………………………81
圖4-1、個資外洩後轉貼病毒連結給其他使用者的情形……………………………91
圖4-2、點選不知名網址導致電腦中毒的情形………………………………………91
圖4-3、輸入使用者名稱和密碼來遠端控制個人電腦………………………………92

參考文獻

一、中文部分
(一)官方文件
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(七)研討會論文
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景基金會等。
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心主辦。

(八)網際網路
王金雪，〈美國將與英國和加拿大合作舉行反恐演習〉，《人民網》，2005/3/18，
http://world.people.com.cn/BIG5/1029/3253675.html (瀏覽日期：2010/12/8) 。 ，
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http://pcnoproblem.twbbs.org/y2k/ (瀏覽日期：2010/2/5)。
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〈2011多莫傑多沃國際機場炸彈襲擊事件〉，《維基百科》，
http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/2011%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%9A%E8%8E%AB%E5%82%91%E5%A4%9A%E6%B2%83%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4%E7%82%B8%E5%BD%88%E8%A5%B2%E6%93%8A (瀏覽日期：2011/4/2)。
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二、英文部分
(一)官方文件
EastWest Institute. 2010. Russia, the United States, and Cyber Diplomacy: Opening
Door. New York: EastWest Institute.
Internet Crime Complaint Center. 2010. 2009 Internet Crime Report.
Washington, D. C.: Internet Crime Complaint Center.
National Counterterrorism Center. 2010. Counterterrorism Calendar 2010. Washington
D. C.: National Counterterrorism Center.
U.S. Department of Defense. 2010. Quadrennial Defense Review Report.
Washington D. C.: U.S. Department of Defense.
U.S. Department of States. 2005. Country Reports on Terrorism,Chapter 6:
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(三)專書論文
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(四)期刊論文
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Shah, Nishant. 2007. “Subject to Technology: Internet Pornography, Cyber-Terrorism and the Indian State.” Inter-Asia Cultural Studies. 8: 349-365.

(五)研討會論文
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Protect Information Systems from Evolving Threats,” statement for the record to
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