臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文係研製一具脈波充電與數位監控之鉛酸電池串聯充電等化器，其主電路架構係採用一返馳式轉換器，其轉換器之控制核心係採用一具有功率因數修正功能之積體電路(Integrated Circuit, IC)，型號為L6562，尤其，在此轉換器之輸出端移除輸出電容，以使得轉換器輸出電流為脈波，進而達到脈波充電之目的。此外，其充電所採用之電池係為兩顆串聯之12V的鉛酸電池，同時，加入少許輔助元件以對串聯鉛酸電池進行等化充電，其功能包含串聯定電壓充電、串聯定電流充電、以及當電池在接近充飽時以單顆電池進行定電壓充電。本論文之充電法則係採用定電壓定電流脈波充電法，在充電過程中提供電池充電所需之休息時間，讓電池內部的電解液在電化學反應上可獲得中和緩衝的時間，進而延長電池壽命、防止電池快速老化等優點。除此之外，本論文係採用場效邏輯閘陣列(Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA)作為系統監控之核心，並採用無類比數位轉換器(Analog-to-Digital Converter, ADC)之取樣技術以獲得電池電壓的資訊。最後，藉由理論推導、模擬及實驗來驗證所提架構之可行性及有效性。

In this thesis, a series charge equalizer with pulse charging and digital monitoring is presented, which is mainly built up by a flyback converter controlled by a power-factor-corrected (PFC) control integrated circuit (IC) named L6562. Above all, the output capacitor is removed from this converter to obtain the pulsating output current, so as to achieve pulse charging. Aside from this, two 12V lead-acid batteries connected in series are equalizedly charged, by the flyback converter along with several auxiliary components.
There are three charging functions in the proposed charge equalizer, containing series constant voltage charging, series constant current charging, and constant voltage charging for a single battery at near the full charging. In this thesis, the charging rule adopts pulse wave charging with constant current or constant voltage, and hence by doing so, the rest interval during the charging period is provided to make the electrical chemical response moderated, so as to prolong the life of the battery and hence to inhibit its fast aging.
Aside from this, the field programmable gate array (FPGA) is used as a system monitoring kernel, and the information on the battery voltage is obtained without any analog-to-digital converter (ADC).
Finally, via theoretical deduction, simulation and experiment, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed topology can be demonstrated.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
誌謝 iv
目錄 v
表目錄 viii　
圖目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 研究方法 10
1.3 論文內容架構 11
第二章 鉛酸電池原理與特性介紹 12
2.1 前言 12
2.2 鉛酸電池原理 12
2.3 鉛酸電池種類 13
2.4 鉛酸電池之相關知識 14
2.5 實驗用之電池規格與充電方法 16
第三章 所選用之轉換器動作原理分析及充電架構說明 18
3.1 前言 18
3.2 操作在臨界導通模式之返馳式轉換器動作原理 18
3.3 轉換器動作原理分析 22
3.4 充電器架構說明 28
3.5 操作於臨界導通模式下之返馳式轉換器理論分析 32
第四章 硬體電路設計 37
4.1 系統架構 37
4.2 系統規格 39
4.3 系統元件參數設計 40
4.3.1 變壓器設計 40
4.3.2 LC緩衝器設計 47
4.3.3 主電路之開關元件與二極體選配 49
4.4 L6562所需之感測訊號 54
4.5 無ADC取樣電路設計 60
4.5.1 三角波產生器之設計 61
4.5.2 加法器與比較器之設計 63
4.6 多工器 64
4.7 控制IC 67
4.8 FPGA電路板介紹 69
第五章 軟體規劃與充電模式設計流程 70
5.1 VHDL程式簡介 70
5.1.1 Library宣告區 71
5.1.2 Use宣告區 71
5.1.3 Entity宣告區 71
5.1.4 Architecture宣告區 72
5.1.5 物件模式及型別 72
5.2 程式動作流程 73
5.3 無ADC之電池電壓取樣計數 74
5.4 充電模式選擇之流程圖 76
第六章 模擬與實驗波形 83
6.1 IsSpice電路模擬波形 83
6.1.1 IsSpice電路模擬波形之小結 87
6.2實驗波形 88
6.2.1串聯定電流模式充電時之相關波形 88
6.2.2串聯定電壓模式充電時之相關波形 91
6.2.3 Battery1單顆電池定電壓模式充電時之相關波形 95
6.2.4 Battery2單顆電池定電壓模式充電時之相關波形 99
6.2.5 總小結 104
6.3無ADC取樣之波形 105
6.3.1串聯定電流模式下之無ADC取樣波形 105
6.3.2串聯定電壓模式下之無ADC取樣波形 107
6.3.3 Battery1單顆電池定電壓模式下之無ADC取樣波形 108
6.3.4 Battery2單顆電池定電壓模式下之無ADC取樣波形 110
6.4 相關參數量測 111
第七章 結論與未來展望 115
7.1 結論 115
7.2 未來展望 115
參考文獻 117
符號彙編 128

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