臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

現今社會已漸邁入高齡化社會，“跌倒”這項因素，將是晚年生活的潛伏危機，老年人一旦跌倒後將導致一連串嚴重的致命危機。因此為了預防跌倒，本研究欲以非侵入性的方式進行穴位磁療法實驗，提升老年人平衡力。過去研究尚未有將穴位磁療法量化分析，本研究針對某安養機構32位老年人與某大學6位年輕人進行一個月的穴位磁療法實驗搭配COP量測，測量站立一分鐘的壓力中心點訊號，觀察老年人的平衡力恢復情形，並進一步的評估內部尺度變化之情形。COP訊號可單獨從前後及左右方向觀察其變化程度。下一步將兩個方向訊號個別使用經驗模態分解法拆解，選取重要的本質模態函數後，將訊號重建並導入多尺度熵分析及評估受測者一個月的平衡力恢復情形，並進一步使用頻率分析及希伯特頻譜分析與探討其內部尺度變化程度。
從本研究分析結果，24位老年人中，13位老年人複雜度提升程度20%，6位老年人複雜度只有輕微提升5%，5位老年人複雜度則沒有差異，受測者前後方向的平衡力提升幅度較左右方向大，並可觀察到穴位貼片刺激，對於高頻訊號變動較敏感。更進一步觀察13位老年人使用穴位貼片後複雜度隨之提升，對應其高頻本質模態頻率也會隨之提升以及希伯特頻譜整體能量也會提升，表示老年人經過穴位貼片刺激，複雜度提升導致其內部頻率也隨之增加以及整體能量上升之現象。

Falling is a major cause of accident among people over age of 65. This study aims to discover if using acupoint magnetic therapy can enhance the body balance function to reduce the chance of falling for the elderly.
The complexity is a popular health indicator in recent years. In general, the young people have higher complexity and balancing control than the elderly. The center of pressure (COP) signal is measured to determine the complexity value for both young and elderly. The complexity values of pre- and post-acupoint magnetic therapy are collected for and compared between both young and elderly people.
The COP signal can be examined in two parts: medio-lateral (ML) and anterior-posterior (AP). This study used empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to decompose each part of the COP signal. And the resulted high-frequency signals are selected to be adopted for multi-scale entropy (MSE) analysis for finding the complexity for each part. Further analyses of using frequency analysis and Hilbert Huang transform (HHT) analysis were also conducted.
The results showed that among the 24 subjects tested, 80% of the elderly subjects had his/her complexity increased, 54% had complexity increased more than 20%, thus decreases the falling risk for the elderly people. The balancing control of AP direction increased more than that of the ML direction. It is also observed that the acupoint magnetic therapy affects the high-frequency signal more in the human body. The additional analyzed enhanced frequency and total energy of Hilbert spectrum can be further studied and applied in other fields such as rehabilitation.

摘要 iii
目 錄 v
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 ix
符號表 x
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 1
1.3 研究目的 2
1.4 研究流程 3
1.5 論文架構 4
第二章 文獻探討 6
2.1 跌倒 6
2.2 預防跌倒 7
2.3 穴位磁療法(Acupoint magnetic therapy) 8
2.4 壓力中心點(Center of pressure, COP) 12
2.5 經驗模態分解法(Empirical mode decomposition, EMD) 14
2.6 多尺度熵(Multi-scale entropy, MSE) 15
2.7 複雜度(Complexity) 17
2.8 頻率區段(Frequency band, FB)分析 18
2.9 小結 19
第三章 研究方法 20
3.1 研究流程 20
3.2 平衡力實驗 21
3.2.1 研究對象 22
3.2.2 實驗器材與設備 22
3.2.3 實驗流程 23
3.3 經驗模態分解法(EMD) 28
3.3.1 本質模態函數(IMF) 29
3.3.2 轉移過程(Shifting process) 30
3.4 希伯特黃轉換(HHT) 32
3.5 COP數據前處理 33
3.6 多尺度熵(MSE) 35
3.6.1 樣本熵SampEn方法與步驟 35
3.6.2 多尺度熵MSE方法與步驟 37
3.7 頻率區段FB分析 40
第四章 實驗結果與討論 42
4.1 實驗情境 42
4.2 實驗數據分析 43
4.3 初步結果 47
4.3.1 老年人初步結果 47
4.3.1.1 MSE分析 47
4.3.1.2 COP分析方法比較 56
4.3.1.3 F80頻率分析 58
4.3.1.4 HHT分析 60
4.3.2 老年人實驗小結 62
4.3.3 年輕人結果 63
4.3.3.1 MSE分析 63
4.3.1.2 COP分析方法比較 69
4.3.1.3 F80頻率分析 69
4.3.1.4 HHT分析 71
4.3.4 年輕人實驗小結 71
4.4 討論 72
4.5 總結 74
第五章 結論與後續研究 75
5.1 結論 75
5.2 後續研究 76
參考文獻 77
附錄一：老年人MSE分析 80
附錄二：年輕人MSE分析 92

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