跳到主要內容

臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

(44.220.247.152) 您好!臺灣時間:2024/09/20 19:55
字體大小: 字級放大   字級縮小   預設字形  
回查詢結果 :::

詳目顯示

我願授權國圖
: 
twitterline
研究生:鄭惠蘭
研究生(外文):Hui Lan Cheng
論文名稱:腦神經科加護病房急性缺血性腦中風患者清晨高血壓及血壓激增與預後之相關性探討
論文名稱(外文):The relationships among morning hypertension, morning surge and the prognosis of acute stroke patients in a neurology intensive care unit
指導教授:蔡芸芳
指導教授(外文):Y. F. Tsai
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:長庚大學
系所名稱:護理學系
學門:醫藥衛生學門
學類:護理學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2012
畢業學年度:100
論文頁數:209
中文關鍵詞:缺血性腦中風清晨高血壓清晨血壓激增預後
外文關鍵詞:Ischemic stokemorning hypertensionmorning surgeprognosis
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:468
  • 評分評分:
  • 下載下載:0
  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:2
清晨血壓升高、清晨血壓激增(Morning blood pressure surge; MBPS)、過度的夜間血壓降幅或夜間血壓降幅減少皆與心血管疾病的危險性有關,亦與腦中風死亡率有關聯。本研究目的為探討急性缺血性腦中風患者出現清晨高血壓及清晨血壓激增的發生率,及清晨高血壓及清晨血壓激增對缺血性腦中風預後的影響。採病歷回顧的方式,以北部某醫學中心腦神經內科加護病房診斷為急性缺血性腦中風之201位病人為研究對象。結果顯示:(一)清晨高血壓之發生率為13.43%。(二)清晨血壓激增之發生率為1.49%。 (三)住院天數之重要預測因子為泌尿道感染、便祕、腸胃道出血、癲癇、深部靜脈栓塞及加護病房解熱鎮痛劑,解釋變異量為28.00%。(四)出院中風量表(NIHSS)總分之重要預測因子為腦中風復發或惡化、年齡、急診血栓溶解劑(tPA)使用、飲酒史、急診降血脂藥物及急性心肌梗塞,解釋變異量為43.00%。(五)出院巴氏量表總分之重要預測因子為年齡、腦中風合併症、肺部感染、腦中風復發或惡化、急診血栓溶解劑(tPA)及加護病房抗生素,解釋變異量為43.00%。(六)出院MRS分級的重要預測因子為加護病房抗生素、腦中風復發及惡化、肺部感染及便祕。(七)死亡的重要預測因子為急診升壓劑、腦中風復發及惡化及泌尿道感染。(八)清晨高血壓及血壓激增現象與腦中風預後指標皆未達統計顯著意義(p>0.05)。雖然本結果未能證實清晨高血壓及血壓激增與缺血性腦中風預後之相關性,但仍可看到有清晨高血壓及血壓激增現象者,其預後指標較差。未來可針對臨床照護人員舉行在職教育訓練,提升觀察合併症的敏銳度及照護能力,期能降低合併症的發生及嚴重度。
Morning hypertension, morning blood pressure surge (MBPS), night blood pressure, excess or decrease of night blood pressure reduction are related to cardiovascular disease. The present study aimed to explore the incidence rate of morning hypertension and morning blood pressure surge of patients with acute ischemic stroke, and their prognoses to ischemic stroke. A chart review method was used to recruit 201 acute ischemic stroke patients from an intensive care unit in a medical center. The results were as follows: 1. The incidence rate of morning hypertension was 13.49%. 2. The incidence rate of morning blood pressure surge was 1.49%. 3. Urinary tract infection (UTI), constipation, gastrointestinal bleeding, epilepsy, deep vein thrombosis and antipyretic analgesics used in intensive care unit were important predictors of the length of hospital stay, explaining 28% of variances. 4. Stroke recurrence or deterioration, age, tPA used at emergency, alcoholic history, lipid-lowering drugs used in emergency room and acute myocardial infarction were important predictors of the total NIHSS score after discharging, explaining 43%. 5. Age, stroke complications, lung infection, stroke recurrence or deterioration, tPA and antibiotics used in intensive care unit were important predictors of discharging Barthel index, explaining 43% variance. 6. Antibiotic used in intensive care unit, stroke recurrence or deterioration, lung infection and constipation were important predictors of discharging MRS classification. 7. Vassopressors used in emergency room, cerebral vascular accident recurrence or deterioration and urinary tract infection were important predictors of death. 8. Morning hypertension and morning blood pressure surge were not significantly related to the prognoses of stroke (p > 0.05). Even though morning hypertension and morning blood pressure surge were not demonstrated to be significantly related to prognoses at the present study, patients with these phenomenon had worse prognoses. Therefore, the in-service training should be held specifically for clinical personnel to improve their ability to reduce the incidence and seriousness of complications.
目錄
指導教授推薦書
口試委員會審定書
頁數
授權書………………………………………………………………….iii
誌謝……………………………………………………….…………….iv
中文摘要…………………………………………….………….……….v
英文摘要……………………………………………………………….vii
目錄……………………………………………………….…………….ix
本文目錄………………………………………………………..……….ix
附錄目錄…………………………………………………………….…xiv
圖表目錄…………………………………………………………….…xiv
本文目錄
第一章 緒論
第一節 研究背景及動機……………………………………………1
第二節 研究目的……………………………………………………3
第三節 名詞定義……………………………………………………3
第二章 文獻探討
第一節 急性缺血性腦中風…….……………………………………6
一、 腦中風流行病學…………………………………………...6
二、 缺血性腦中風的定義……………………………………..8
三、 缺血性腦中風對身體功能的影響及預後指標…………..12
第二節 腦部血管疾病的危險因子…………………………….18
一、 年齡………………………………………………………..18
二、 性別……………………………………………………….19
三、 家族史……………………………………………………20
四、 腦中風病史………………………………………………20
五、 抽菸………………………………………………………21
六、 飲酒……………………………………………………..22
七、 高血脂症………………………………………………….22
八、 高血壓…………………………………………………….25
九、 糖尿病…………………………………………………….27
十、 心臟病…………………………………………………….28
十一、 肥胖……………………………………………………..29
十二、 頸動脈狹窄……………………………………………..30
十三、 短暫性腦缺血發作…………………………………….30
第三節 影響腦中風預後因素……………………………………31
一、復發腦中風………………………………………………31
二、急性期處置……………………………………………....31
三、腦中風合併症…………………………………………..34
四、生化血液值……………………………………………..35
五、體溫過高……………………………………………….36
第四節 清晨高血壓與清晨血壓激增………………………37
第五節 動態血壓與腦中風疾病相關研究……………………39
一、24小時動態血壓………………………………………..39
二、24小時動態血壓與腦中風的相關研究………………….40
第六節 文獻總結………………………………………………..42
第七節 研究架構……………………………………………….44
第八節 研究問題……………………………………………….46
第九節 研究假設……………………………………………….46
第三章 研究方法
第一節 研究設計…………………………………………………..47
第二節 研究對象…………………………………………………..47
第三節 研究工具…………………………………………………..48
第四節 資料分析…………………………………………………..57
第四章 研究結果
第一節 急性缺血性腦中風危險因子………………………….60
第二節 生化血液檢驗值……….…………………….………...61
第三節 體溫…………………………………………………...62
第四節 急性期處置……………………………………………...62
第五節 腦中風合併症…………………………………………...63
第六節 清晨高血壓及清晨血壓激增……………………..….....63
第七節 腦中風預後指標………………………………………...63
第八節 腦中風危險因子與腦中風之預後關係……………..64
第九節 生化血液檢驗值與腦中風預後之關係……………….66
第十節 體溫與腦中風預後之關係…………………………….68
第十一節 急性期處置與腦中風預後之關係……………………69
第十二節 腦中風合併症與腦中風預後之關係…………………..72
第十三節 清晨高血壓及清晨高血壓激增與腦中風預後之關係.74
第十四節 複迴歸及邏輯式迴歸模式探討影響急性缺血性腦中風預後預測因子………………………………………….77
第五章 討論
第一節 腦中風危險因子與腦中風預後之相關性….……………....81
第二節 生化血液檢驗值與腦中風預後之關係…..………………..81
第三節 體溫與腦中風預後之關係………………………………….82
第四節 急性期處置與腦中風預後之關係………………………….82
xii第五節 腦中風合併症與腦中風預後之關係……………………….83
第六節 清晨高血壓與清晨血壓激增與腦中風預後之關係………84
第六章 研究結論與建議
第一節 結論…………………………………………………………85
第二節 研究限制……………………………………………………86
第三節 建議………………………………………………………87
參考文獻
中文部分………………………………………………………………89
英文部分………………………………………………………………96

附 錄 目 錄
附錄一 缺血性腦中風危險因子調查表內容效度之專家名單…….119
圖 表 目 錄
表次
圖一 急性缺血性腦中風患者與中風嚴重度及預後相關影響因素概
念圖……………………………………………..………….……45
表一 缺血性腦中風危險因子調查表之操作型定義……………...…51
表二 急性缺血性腦中風病患之危險因子………………….………120
表三 急性缺血性腦中風病患之生化血液檢驗…………………….122
表四 急性缺血性腦中風病患之體溫……………………………….124
表五 急性缺血性腦中風病患之急性期處置…………….…………125
表六 急性缺血性腦中風病患之合併症…………………….………128
表七 急性缺血性腦中風病患之血壓……………….………………130
表八 急性缺血性腦中風病患之預後指標………….………………131
表九 腦中風危險因子與住院天數、MBD NIHSS總分、MBD 巴氏量表總分之關係……………………………………….………….132
表十 腦中風危險因子與MRS之關係……………………………...…135
表十一 腦中風危險因子與死亡之關係……………………………137
表十二 身體質量指數(BMI)及年齡與住院天數、MBD NIHSS 總分、MBD氏量表總分之相關.………….………….………………….139
表十三 生化血液檢驗值與住院天數、MBD NIHSS 總分、MBD 巴氏量表總分之關係………………………………….…………..….140
表十四 生化血液檢驗值與MRS之關係……………………..……..…143
表十五 生化血液檢驗值與死亡之關係…………………………….145
表十六 體溫與住院天數、MBD NIHSS 總分、MBD 巴氏量表總分之關係…………………………………………………………….147
表十七 體溫與MRS之關係……………………………..….………….148
表十八 體溫與死亡之關係…………………………………….……149
表十九 急診第一次體溫與住院天數、MBD NIHSS 總分、MBD 巴氏量表總分之相關..………………………..……………..………..150
表二十 急性期處置與住院天數、MBD NIHSS 總分、MBD 巴氏量表總分之關係…..…………………………………………………….151
表二十一 急性期處置與MRS之關係…………………..……….…….154
表二十二 急性期處置與死亡之關係………………………………156
表二十三 急性期處置與住院天數、MBD NIHSS 總分、MBD 巴氏量表總分之關係表………………………………………………..158
表二十四 急性期處置與MRS之關係…………………...…………….161
表二十五 急性期處置與死亡之關係………………………………...163
表二十六 腦中風合併症與住院天數、MBD NIHSS 總分、MBD 巴氏量表總分之關係…………………………………………….…..165
表二十七 腦中風合併症與MRS之關係…………………..…………..168
表二十八 腦中風合併症與死亡之關係…………………………..….170
表二十九 清晨高血壓及清晨血壓激增與住院天數、MBD NIHSS 總分、MBD 巴氏量表總分之關係……...……..….…………..…...172
表三十 清晨高血壓及清晨血壓激增與MRS之關係………………....173
表三十一 清晨高血壓及清晨血壓激增與死亡之關係……………...174
表三十二 清晨高血壓對住院天數、出院巴氏量表與出院 NIHSS 之高血壓用藥之關係………………………………………....175
表三十三 血壓激增對住院天數、出院巴氏量表與出院 NIHSS 之高血壓用藥之關係………………………………………….…..176
表三十四 巴氏量表得分分組與降血壓藥物使用與否對清晨高血壓和血壓激增之關係……………………………………….…..177
表三十五 MRS 和死亡與降血壓藥物使用與否對清晨高血壓和血壓激增之關係…………………………………………………...178
表三十六 腦中風病人住院天數之預測因子………………………...180
表三十七 腦中風病人出院NIHSS總分之預測因子…………..……..181
表三十八 腦中風病人出院巴氏量表總分之預測因子………….…..182
xvi表三十九 腦中風病人MRS分級之預測因子………………………....183
表四十 腦中風病人死亡之預測因子…………………………...……184
中文部份
王美治(2003)‧出院準備服務運用個案管理模式成效之探討-以某地
區醫院糖尿病、腦中風、高血壓為例‧台中:私立中國醫藥大學
環境醫學研究所。
台大醫院腦中風中心(2005)‧全方為照護腦中風‧健康世界,230,
20-45。
台灣腦中風學會(2003)‧靜脈血栓溶解劑治療急性缺血
性腦中風之一般準則‧2009年8月17 日取自http://www.stroke.org.tw/guideline_3.htm
台灣腦中風學會(2003)‧缺血性腦中風治療‧2009年8
月17 日取自http://www.stroke.org.tw/guideline_3.htm
行政院衛生署國民健康局(2003)‧高血脂防治手冊-國人血脂異常
診療及預防指引‧台北:行政院衛生署國民健康局,6-50。
行政院衛生署(2004).台灣地區主要死亡原因-死因統計結果摘要.2009年8月22日取自:http://www.doh.gov.tw/statistic/data/死因摘要/93年/93.htm
行政院衛生署(2007)‧死因統計結果摘要:89-94年死因統計‧2009年 7月30日取自http://www.doh.gov.tw/statistic/index.htm
行政院衛生署(2008)‧民國96年衛生統計系列(一)死因統計‧2009年2月5日取自http://www.doh.gov.tw/CHT2006/DM/DM2_2.aspx?now_fod_list_no=10238&class_no=440&level_no=1
行政院衛生署國民健康局(2009)‧吸菸對健康的危害-心臟病與循環
系統‧2012年08月08日取自
http://tobacco.bhp.doh.gov.tw/Show.aspx?MenuId=506
行政院衛生署(2011)。100年度死亡統計結果分析。2012年08月08
日取自www.doh.gov.tw/CHT2006/DM/DM2_2.ASPX?NOW_FOD_LIS
周碧瑟、董道興、李佳琳、莊紹源、林敬恆、楊南屏(2002)‧台灣地
區糖尿病流行病學‧臺灣公共衛生雜誌,21(2),83-96。
林正修、沈銘鏡、洪惠青、范杏淳、游雅言、洪美華、王瑛琦(2002)‧
非O型者較易發生深部靜脈栓塞:台灣深部靜脈栓塞好發症研
究‧The Changhua Journal of Medicine, 7(3), 141-146.
林秀純、楊舒琴、蘇芳玉、劉淑娟(2005)‧一位中風後長期臥床個案
的居家護理經驗‧長期照護,9(1),88-98。
林宗憲、溫文才、顏學偉、黃智興、蘇河名、賴文德、許勝雄(2006)‧
Lercanidipine與Losartan對降血壓及血栓溶解因子的影響‧
The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences, 22(4),
177-183.
林肇華(2005)‧24小時攜帶型自動血壓測定儀之運用‧北市醫學雜誌,2(10),958-962。
胡文郁、曾春典、戴玉慈、余玉眉(1996)‧高血壓患者服藥遵從行為及其相關因素之探討‧中華公共衛生雜誌,15(4),319-332。
邱弘毅(2008)‧腦中風之現況與流行病學特徵‧腦中風會訊,15(3), 2-4。
洪嘉蔚(2007)‧急性缺血性腦中風之早期治療‧北市醫學雜誌,
4(9),20-28。
郝立智、楊純宜、顧長生、柴國樑(2005)‧2005年美國糖尿病學會針對糖尿病合併高血壓之標準治療建議‧內科學誌,16(3),107-112。
翁文章(2001)‧腦血管循環之生理病理‧於吳進安編著,基礎神經學
(pp.199-270)‧台北:合記。
翁文章(2007)‧急性中風病人的加護病房監視與照護‧臨床醫學,
59, 205-211。
孫明輝(2002)‧急性缺血性腦中風病人住院後神經學症狀惡化的預測因子研究‧台中:中山醫學大學醫學研究所。
許勝雄(2000)‧酒精與心臟‧高醫醫訊,20(5)。
張秋純、蔡麗雅、游顯妹(2007)‧一位腦中風病患及其照顧者之護理
經驗‧中山醫學雜誌,18(1),99-111。
張寓智、劉祥仁、陳俊榮、胡漢華、葉炳強、邱德發(2008)‧急性缺
血性腦中風之一般處理原則指引‧Acta Neurologica Taiwanica, 17(4), 275-294.
張瑞泰、林健民(2007)‧癌症、心血管疾病和糖尿病的預防‧學校衛
生,(51), 89-102。
曹汶龍(2006)‧缺血性腦中風的症狀與診斷‧慈濟醫學雜誌,18(5),
1-3。
陳軾正、彭家勛(2006)‧缺血性腦中風的治療‧中華民國神經放射
線醫學會會刊,18,5-7。
陳佳鳳、卓妙如、溫千慧、楊仲棋(2007)‧運用巴氏量表於出血性腦
中風患者復健治療三個月成效追蹤‧臺灣家庭醫學雜誌,17(4),
250-263。
陳儀敏、胡國琦、陳建鵬、陳建森、廖正宗、陳冠文(2008)‧急診之
初始血糖值是梗塞性中風後病人功能之預後因子‧臺灣復健醫學
雜誌,36(2),89-95。
陳建志(2008)‧吸菸與心臟血管疾病‧秀傳季刊, 23(3),16-16。
曾慶孝(1999)‧綜論吸菸與戒菸對糖尿病患者發生心臟血管疾病的影
響‧中華公共衛生雜誌,18(4),241-246。
曾美君、張谷州(2005)‧腦中風之嚴重度衡量與分類‧台灣醫界,
48(3),17-20。
馮啟揚、張權維、連倚南(1989)‧梗塞性腦中風發病時間之探討‧中
華民國復健醫學會雜誌,(17),21-24。
高偉峰、楊久滕(2007)‧腦中風‧於胡勝川總校閱,高級心臟救命
術(pp.99-107)‧台北:金名。
莊曜嘉、李素菁(1996)‧腦中風病人之冠狀動脈疾病研究‧中華民國
復健醫學會雜誌,24(2),107-112。
黃欣薇(2007)‧血清鉀離子、血壓與急性腦中風指標之相關探討‧台
北:私立輔仁大學。
楊雀戀、章樂綺(2003)‧高血脂症飲食新觀念‧臨床醫學,52(6),
422-428。
鄒孟婷、鄒孟文(2003)‧健康知識、教育程度與肥胖之關係‧臺灣公
共衛生雜誌,22(4),295-307。
廖建彰、李采娟、林瑞雄、宋鴻樟(2006)‧2000年台灣腦中風發生
率與盛行率的城鄉差異‧臺灣公共衛生雜誌,25(3),223-230。
廖建彰(2004)‧腦中風發生率與盛行率‧台中:中國醫藥大學環境醫
學研究所。
趙君傑、陳郁菁、張志華、連楚明、王宗倫、唐高駿(2006)‧臺灣以靜脈注射rt-PA治療缺血性腦中風的現況調查‧中華民國急救加護醫學會雜誌,17(4),139-145。
劉嘉為(2004)‧研究新萌現的危險因子-代謝症候群-對腦中風疾病
發生之影響與衝擊‧腦中風會訊,11(2),9-11。
劉祥仁(2002)‧腦血管疾病‧於張煜智編著,臨床神經學‧
(pp.209-224) ‧台北:合記。
劉大任(1999)‧復健科住院實施論病例計酬支付制度之初探-以台灣
四家醫院腦中風患者為例‧台中:私立中國醫藥學院醫務管理學
研究所碩士論文。
鄭建興(2004)‧腦中風的危險因子‧健康世界,217,87-88。
鄭建興(2005)‧腦中風常見的重要問題‧健康世界,240,11-14。
鄭建興(2007)‧2006年重要的腦中風相關臨床試驗‧Acta
Neurologica Taiwanica, 16(2), 111-120。
鄭建興、廖漢文、李宗海、張豐基、杜永光、邱浩彰、台灣腦中風學
會頸動脈狹窄處置共識小組(2009)‧頸動脈狹窄的處置指引‧ Acta Neurologica Taiwanica, 18(1), 64-76.
鄭貴月、邱素真、孫漬官、葉淑惠、張谷州、陳廷耀、林祖功(2006)‧台灣地區神經科醫護人員對美國國家衛生研究院腦中風評估量表之臨床應用‧實證護理,2(3),189-200。
謝明蓁、吳篤安(2006)‧糖尿病及高血壓‧慈濟醫學雜誌,18(1),
21-24。
顏哲宏、林俊杰、張朝杰、彭成煌、湯玉英、林健群、彭家勛、李國維(2000)‧應用中文化量表評估急性缺血性腦中風患者可信度之研究‧醫學研究,20(5),225-236。
羅中平(2006)‧簡介NIHSS, Modified Rankin Scale,and Barthel Index 量表‧中華民國神經放射線醫學會會刊,18,17-19。
羅斤汎、陳俊傑、蔡青峰(2007)‧24小時動態血壓監測之臨床應用‧
基層醫學,22,418-423。
羅元婷、羅慶徽、林金定、徐尚為、呂學琳、嚴嘉楓、陳宏一(2006)‧
三軍總醫院推動“健康促進醫院”計畫:員工健康狀況、吸菸情
形與其影響因素分析‧醫療品質,3(2),10-19。
蘇矢立、杜思德 (2008)‧高血脂現代文明人的殺手‧中華民國內分
泌暨糖尿病學會會刊,21(2) ,10-12。




英文部份
Adams Jr, H. P., Bendixen, B. H., Kappelle, L. J., Biller, J.,
Love, B., Gordon, D., & Marsh, E. (1993). Classification
of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use
in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172
in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke, 24(1), 35-41.
Adams Jr, H. P., Del Zoppo, G., Alberts, M. J., Bhatt, D. L., Brass, L.,
Furlan, A., . . . Kidwell, C. (2007). Guidelines for the early
management of adults with ischemic stroke. Circulation, 115(20),
e478-e534.
Ahmed, N., & Wahlgren, G. (2001). High initial blood pressure
after acute stroke is associated with poor functional
outcome. Journal of Internal Medicine, 249(5), 467-473.
Akner, G., & Cederholm, T. (2001). Treatment of protein-energy
malnutrition in chronic nonmalignant disorders. The
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 74(1), 6-24.
Alberts, M. J., & Ovbiagele, B. (2007). Current strategies for
ischemic stroke prevention: role of multimodal
combination therapies. Journal of Neurology, 254(10),
1414-1426.
Appelros, P., Nydevik, I., & Viitanen, M. (2003). Poor outcome
after first-ever stroke. Stroke, 34(1), 122-126.
Arima, H., Chalmers, J., Woodward, M., Anderson, C., Rodgers,
A., Davis, S., . . . Neal, B. (2006). Lower target blood
pressures are safe and effective for the prevention of
recurrent stroke: the PROGRESS trial. Journal of
Hypertension, 24(6), 1201.
Asayama, K., Ohkubo, T., Kikuya, M., Obara, T., Metoki, H.,
Inoue, R., . . . Hashimoto, J. (2006). Prediction of stroke
by home “morning” versus “evening” blood pressure
values the Ohasama study. Hypertension, 48(4), 737-743.
Aslanyan, S., Weir, C. J., Johnston, S. C., & Lees, K. R. (2004).
Poststroke neurological improvement within 7 days is
associated with subsequent deterioration. Stroke, 35(9),
2165-2170.
Audebert, H. J., Rott, M. M., Eck, T., & Haberl, R. L. (2004).
Systemic inflammatory response depends on initial stroke
severity but is attenuated by successful thrombolysis.
Stroke, 35(9), 2128-2133.
Axelrod, Y. K., & Diringer, M. N. (2008). Temperature
management in acute neurologic disorders. Neurologic
Clinics, 26(2), 585-603.
Azzimondi, G., Bassein, L., Nonino, F., Fiorani, L., Vignatelli, L., Re, G., & D'Alessandro, R. (1995). Fever in acute stroke worsens prognosis: a prospective study. Stroke, 26(11), 2040-2043.
Bae, H. J., Yoon, D. S., Lee, J., Kim, B. K., Koo, J. S., Kwon, O., & Park, J. M. (2005). In-hospital medical complications and long-term mortality after ischemic stroke. Stroke, 36(11), 2441-2445.
Bagg, S., Pombo, A. P., & Hopman, W. (2002). Effect of age on functional outcomes after stroke rehabilitation. Stroke, 33(1), 179-185.
Bamford, J., Sandercock, P., Dennis, M., Warlow, C., & Burn, J. (1991). Classification and natural history of clinically identifiable subtypes of cerebral infarction. Lancet, 337(8756), 1521-1526.
Bhatia, R., Garg, R., Gaur, S., Kar, A., Shukla, R., Agarwal, A., & Verma, R. (2004). Predictive value of routine hematological and biochemical parameters on 30-day fatality in acute stroke. Neurology India, 52(2), 220.
Björklund, K., Lind, L., Zethelius, B., Berglund, L., & Lithell, H. (2004). Prognostic significance of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure characteristics for cardiovascular morbidity in a population of elderly men. Journal of Hypertension, 22(9), 1691.
Bohannon, R. W., Lee, N., & Maljanian, R. (2002). Postadmission function best predicts acute hospital outcomes after stroke. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 81(10), 726.
Bornstein, N., Silvestrelli, G., Caso, V., & Parnetti, L. (2006). Arterial hypertension and stroke prevention: an update. Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 28(3-4), 317-326.
Brown, M. (2000). Stroke management: beginnings. Outcomes Management for Nursing Practice, 4(1), 34.
Brown, M. A., Robinson, A., & Jones, M. (1999). The white coat effect in hypertensive pregnancy: much ado about nothing? BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 106(5), 474-480.
Capes, S. E., Hunt, D., Malmberg, K., Pathak, P., & Gerstein, H. C. (2001). Stress hyperglycemia and prognosis of stroke in nondiabetic and diabetic patients. Stroke, 32(10), 2426-2432.
Caprio, S., Hyman, L. D., McCarthy, S., Lange, R., Bronson, M., & Tamborlane, W. V. (1996). Fat distribution and cardiovascular risk factors in obese adolescent girls: importance of the intraabdominal fat depot. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 64(1), 12-17.
Caro, J. J., Huybrechts, K. F., & Kelley, H. E. (2001). Predicting treatment costs after acute ischemic stroke on the basis of patient characteristics at presentation and early dysfunction. Stroke, 32(1), 100-106.
Castelli, W. P. (1986). The triglyceride issue: a view from Framingham. American Heart Journal, 112(2), 432-437.
Castelli, W. P. (1992). Epidemiology of triglycerides: a view from Framingham. The American Journal of Cardiology, 70(19), H3-H9.
Castelli, W. P., & Anderson, K. (1986). A population at risk: prevalence of high cholesterol levels in hypertensive patients in the Framingham Study. The American Journal of Medicine, 80(2), 23-32.
Castillo, J., Dávalos, A., Marrugat, J., & Noya, M. (1998). Timing for fever-related brain damage in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke, 29(12), 2455-2460.
Castillo, J., Leira, R., García, M. M., Serena, J., Blanco, M., & Dávalos, A. (2004). Blood pressure decrease during the acute phase of ischemic stroke is associated with brain injury and poor stroke outcome. Stroke, 35(2), 520-526.
Ceravolo, R., Maio, R., Pujia, A., Sciacqua, A., Ventura, G., Costa, M. C., . . . Perticone, F. (2003). Pulse pressure and endothelial dysfunction in never-treated hypertensive patients. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 41(10), 1753.
Chang, K. C., Tseng, M. C., & Tan, T. Y. (2004). Prehospital delay after acute stroke in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Stroke, 35(3), 700-704.
Colhoun, H. M., Betteridge, D. J., Durrington, P. N., Hitman, G. A., W Neil, H. A., Livingstone, S. J., . . . Fuller, J. H. (2004). Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet, 364(9435), 685-696.
Collaboration, H. S. (2002). Homocysteine and risk of ischemic heart disease and stroke. The Journal of The American Medical Association, 288(16), 2015-2022.
Collins, R., Armitage, J., Parish, S., Sleigh, P., & Peto, R. (2003). MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet, 361(9374), 2005.
Conway, J., Boon, N., Jones, J. V., & Sleight, P. (1983). Involvement of the baroreceptor reflexes in the changes in blood pressure with sleep and mental arousal. Hypertension, 5(5), 746-748.
Coull, B. M., Williams, L. S., Goldstein, L. B., Meschia, J. F., Heitzman, D., Chaturvedi, S., . . . Wilterdink, J. L. (2002). Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents in acute ischemic stroke: report of the Joint Stroke Guideline Development Committee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Stroke Association (a division of the American Heart Association). Stroke; A Journal of Cerebral Circulation, 33(7), 1934.
Cuspidi, C., Meani, S., Salerno, M., Valerio, C., Fusi, V., Severgnini, B., . . . Zanchetti, A. (2004). Cardiovascular target organ damage in essential hypertensives with or without reproducible nocturnal fall in blood pressure. Journal of Hypertension, 22(2), 273.
DeGraba, T. J., Hallenbeck, J. M., Pettigrew, K. D., Dutka, A. J., & Kelly, B. J. (1999). Progression in acute stroke: value of the initial NIH stroke scale score on patient stratification in future trials. Stroke, 30(6), 1208-1212.
Dennis, M. S., Burn, J., Sandercock, P., Bamford, J. M., Wade, D. T., & Warlow, C. P. (1993). Long-term survival after first-ever stroke: the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project. Stroke, 24(6), 796-800.
Devroey, D., Van Casteren, V., & Buntinx, F. (2005). Lower stroke death rates in patients receiving blood pressure lowering therapy before the onset of a stroke. Central European Journal of Public Health, 13(4), 176.
Dietrich, W., Alonso, O., & Busto, R. (1993). Moderate hyperglycemia worsens acute blood-brain barrier injury after forebrain ischemia in rats. Stroke, 24(1), 111-116.
Doshi, V., Say, J., Young, S., & Doraisamy, P. (2003). Complications in stroke patients: a study carried out at the Rehabilitation Medicine Service, Changi General Hospital. Singapore Medical Journal, 44(12), 643-652.
Egede, L. E., & Michel, Y. (2006). Medical mistrust, diabetes self-management, and glycemic control in an indigent population with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 29(1), 131-132.
Engstad, T., Viitanen, M., & Arnesen, E. (2003). Predictors of death among long-term stroke survivors. Stroke, 34(12), 2876-2880.
Fine-Edelstein, J., Wolf, P., O'Leary, D., Poehlman, H., Belanger, A., Kase, C., & d'Agostino, R. (1994). Precursors of extracranial carotid atherosclerosis in the Framingham Study. Neurology, 44(6), 1046-1046.
Fischer, U., Arnold, M., Nedeltchev, K., Brekenfeld, C., Ballinari, P., Remonda, L., . . . Mattle, H. P. (2005). NIHSS score and arteriographic findings in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke, 36(10), 2121-2125.
Gabir, M. M., Hanson, R. L., Dabelea, D., Imperatore, G., Roumain, J., Bennett, P. H., & Knowler, W. C. (2000). The 1997 American Diabetes Association and 1999 World Health Organization criteria for hyperglycemia in the diagnosis and prediction of diabetes. Diabetes Care, 23(8), 1108-1112.
Go, A. S., Hylek, E. M., Phillips, K. A., Chang, Y. C., Henault, L. E., Selby, J. V., & Singer, D. E. (2001). Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults. The Journal of The American Medical Association, 285(18), 2370-2375.
Goldstein, L. B., Adams, R., Alberts, M. J., Appel, L. J., Brass, L. M., Bushnell, C. D., . . . Guyton, J. R. (2006). Primary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council: Cosponsored by the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease Interdisciplinary Working Group; Cardiovascular Nursing Council; Clinical Cardiology Council; Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism Council; and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline. Stroke, 37(6), 1583-1633.
Goldstein, L. B., Bertels, C., & Davis, J. N. (1989). Interrater reliability of the NIH stroke scale. Archives of Neurology, 46(6), 660.
Gordon, T., Kannel, W. B., Castelli, W. P., & Dawber, T. R. (1981). Lipoproteins, cardiovascular disease, and death: the Framingham Study. Archives of Internal Medicine, 141(9), 1128.
Granger, C., Dewis, L., Peters, N., Sherwood, C., & Barrett, J. (1979). Stroke rehabilitation: analysis of repeated Barthel index measures. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 60(1), 14.
Grundy, S. M., Bilheimer, D., Chait, A., Clark, L. T., Denke, M., Havel, R. J., . . . Kreisberg, R. A. (1993). Summary of the second report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment panel II). The Journal of The American Medical Association, 269(23), 3015-3023.
Grundy, S. M., Cleeman, J. I., Merz, C. N. B., Brewer Jr, H. B., Clark, L. T., Hunninghake, D. B., . . . Stone, N. J. (2004). A summary of implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 24(8), 1329-1330.
Hansen, H. R., Wolfs, J. L., Bruggemann, L., Sommeijer, D. W., Bevers, E., Hauer, A. D., . . . Reitsma, P. H. (2007). Hyperglycemia accelerates arterial thrombus formation and attenuates the antithrombotic response to endotoxin in mice. Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis, 18(7), 627.
Hata, J., Tanizaki, Y., Kiyohara, Y., Kato, I., Kubo, M., Tanaka, K., . . . Ibayashi, S. (2005). Ten year recurrence after first ever stroke in a Japanese community: the Hisayama study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 76(3), 368-372.
Hein, H. O., Suadicani, P., & Gyntelberg, F. (1998). Triglyceride concentration and ischemic heart disease: an eight-year follow-up in the Copenhagen Male Study. Circulation, 97(11), 1029-1036.
Heuschmann, P. U., Kolominsky-Rabas, P. L., Misselwitz, B., Hermanek, P., Leffmann, C., Janzen, R., . . . Berger, K. (2004). Predictors of in-hospital mortality and attributable risks of death after ischemic stroke: the German Stroke Registers Study Group. Archives of Internal Medicine, 164(16), 1761.
Hindfelt, B. (1976). The prognostic significance of subfebrility and fever in ischaemic cerebral infarction. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 53(1), 72-79.
Horenstein, R. B., Smith, D. E., & Mosca, L. (2002). Cholesterol predicts stroke mortality in the Women’s Pooling Project. Stroke, 33(7), 1863-1868.
Howard, G., Howard, V. J., Katholi, C., Oli, M. K., & Huston, S. (2001). Decline in US Stroke Mortality An Analysis of Temporal Patterns by Sex, Race, and Geographic Region. Stroke, 32(10), 2213-2220.
Hsueh, I. P., Lee, M. M., & Hsieh, C. L. (2001). Psychometric characteristics of the Barthel activities of daily living index in stroke patients. Journal Formosan Medical Assoclation, 100(8), 526-532.
Ikeda, T., Gomi, T., Shibuya, Y., Matsuo, K., Kosugi, T., Oku, N., . . . Furutera, R. (2004). Morning rise in blood pressure is a predictor of left ventricular hypertrophy in treated hypertensive patients. Hypertension Research: Official Journal of The Japanese Society of Hypertension, 27(12), 939.
Iso, H., Jacobs Jr, D. R., Wentworth, D., Neaton, J. D., & Cohen, J. D. (1989). Serum cholesterol levels and six-year mortality from stroke in 350,977 men screened for the multiple risk factor intervention trial. New England Journal of Medicine, 320(14), 904-910.
Isozumi, K. (2004). Obesity as a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease. The Keio Journal of Medicine, 53(1), 7-11.
Jensen, G. L., Friedmann, J. M., Coleman, C. D., & Smiciklas-Wright, H. (2001). Screening for hospitalization and nutritional risks among community-dwelling older persons. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 74(2), 201-205.
Johnston, K., Connors Jr, A., Wagner, D., Knaus, W., Wang, X. Q., & Haley Jr, E. C. (2000). A predictive risk model for outcomes of ischemic stroke. Stroke, 31(2), 448-455.
Johnston, K. C., Wagner, D. P., Haley, E. C., & Connors, A. F. (2002). Combined clinical and imaging information as an early stroke outcome measure. Stroke, 33(2), 466-472.
Kammersgaard, L., Jørgensen, H., Rungby, J., Reith, J., Nakayama, H., Weber, U., . . . Olsen, T. (2002). Admission body temperature predicts long-term mortality after acute stroke. Stroke, 33(7), 1759-1762.
Kannel, W. B. (1996). Blood pressure as a cardiovascular risk factor. The Journal of The American Medical Association, 275(20), 1571-1576.
Kaplan, R., Tirschwell, D., Longstreth Jr, W., Manolio, T., Heckbert, S., Lefkowitz, D., . . . Psaty, B. (2005). Vascular events, mortality, and preventive therapy following ischemic stroke in the elderly. Neurology, 65(6), 835-842.
Kario, K. (2005). Morning surge and variability in blood pressure. Hypertension, 45(4), 485-486.
Kario, K. (2009). Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and hypertension: ambulatory blood pressure. Hypertension Research, 32(6), 428-432.
Kario, K., Pickering, T. G., Umeda, Y., Hoshide, S., Hoshide, Y., Morinari, M., . . . Shimada, K. (2003). Morning surge in blood pressure as a predictor of silent and clinical cerebrovascular disease in elderly hypertensives. Circulation, 107(10), 1401-1406.
Kario, K., Shimada, K., & Pickering, T. G. (2003). Abnormal nocturnal blood pressure falls in elderly hypertension: clinical significance and determinants. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, 41, S61.
Kelly, P., Kistler, J., Shih, V., Mandell, R., Atassi, N., Barron, M., . . . Furie, K. (2004). Inflammation, homocysteine, and vitamin B6 status after ischemic stroke. Stroke, 35(1), 12-15.
Kiely, D. K., Wolf, P. A., Cupples, L. A., Beiser, A., & Myers, R. (1993). Familial aggregation of stroke. The Framingham study. Stroke, 24(9), 1366-1371.
Kimura, K., Minematsu, K., Kazui, S., & Yamaguchi, T. (2005). Mortality and cause of death after hospital discharge in 10,981 patients with ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 19(3), 171-178.
Kittner, S. J., Stern, B. J., Feeser, B. R., Hebel, J. R., Nagey, D. A., Buchholz, D. W., . . . Sloan, M. A. (1996). Pregnancy and the risk of stroke. New England Journal of Medicine, 335(11), 768-774.
Kuroda, S., & Siesjö, B. (1997). Reperfusion damage following focal ischemia: pathophysiology and therapeutic windows. Clinical Neuroscience, 4(4), 199.
Langhorne, P., Stott, D., Robertson, L., MacDonald, J., Jones, L., McAlpine, C., . . . Murray, G. (2000). Medical complications after stroke: a multicenter study. Stroke, 31(6), 1223-1229.
Lee, H., Chang, K., Lan, C., Hong, C., Huang, Y., & Chang, M. (2008). Factors associated with prolonged hospital stay for acute stroke in Taiwan. Acta Neurologica Taiwanica, 17(1), 17.
Leonardi-Bee, J., Bath, P. M. W., Phillips, S. J., & Sandercock, P. A. G. (2002). Blood pressure and clinical outcomes in the International Stroke Trial. Stroke, 33(5), 1315-1320.
Leppälä, J. M., Virtamo, J., Fogelholm, R., Albanes, D., & Heinonen, O. P. (1999). Different risk factors for different stroke subtypes: association of blood pressure, cholesterol, and antioxidants. Stroke, 30(12), 2535-2540.
Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Sutton-Tyrrell, K., Patel, A. S., Matthews, K. A., Pasternak, R. C., Everson-Rose, S. A., . . . Chae, C. U. (2005). Ethnic Variation in Hypertension Among Premenopausal and Perimenopausal Women. Hypertension, 46(4), 689-695.
Macciocchi, S. N., Diamond, P. T., Alves, W. M., & Mertz, T. (1998). Ischemic stroke: relation of age, lesion location, and initial neurologic deficit to functional outcome. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 79(10), 1255-1257.
MacMahon, S., Peto, R., Cutler, J., Collins, R., Sorlie, P., Neaton, J., . . . Stamler, J. (1990). Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 1, Prolonged differences in blood pressure: prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias. Lancet, 335(8692), 765.
Mancia, G., Fagard, R., & Staessen, J. A. (2003). 2003 European society of hypertension-European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Journal of Hypertension, 21(6), 1011-1053.
Manolio, T. A., Kronmal, R. A., Burke, G. L., O'Leary, D. H., & Price, T. R. (1996). Short-term predictors of incident stroke in older adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Stroke, 27(9), 1479-1486.
Marfella, R., Siniscalchi, M., Portoghese, M., Di Filippo, C., Ferraraccio, F., Schiattarella, C., . . . Siciliano, S. (2007). Morning Blood Pressure Surge as a Destabilizing Factor of Atherosclerotic Plaque. Hypertension, 49(4), 784-791.
Mazighi, M., Tanasescu, R., Ducrocq, X., Vicaut, E., Bracard, S., Houdart, E., & Woimant, F. (2006). Prospective study of symptomatic atherothrombotic intracranial stenoses. Neurology, 66(8), 1187-1191.
Metoki, H., Ohkubo, T., Kikuya, M., Asayama, K., Obara, T., Hashimoto, J., . . . Imai, Y. (2006). Prognostic significance for stroke of a morning pressor surge and a nocturnal blood pressure decline. Hypertension, 47(2), 149-154.
Mikulik, R., Ribo, M., Hill, M. D., Grotta, J. C., Malkoff, M., Molina, C., . . . Alexandrov, A. V. (2007). Accuracy of serial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores to identify artery status in acute ischemic stroke. Circulation, 115(20), 2660-2665.
Mosca, L., Manson, J. A. E., Sutherland, S. E., Langer, R. D., Manolio, T., & Barrett-Connor, E. (1997). Cardiovascular disease in women: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 96(7), 2468-2482.
Nedeltchev, K., der Maur, T. A., Georgiadis, D., Arnold, M., Caso, V., Mattle, H., . . . Fischer, U. (2005). Ischaemic stroke in young adults: predictors of outcome and recurrence. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 76(2), 191-195.
Noor, R., Wang, C. X., & Shuaib, A. (2005). Hyperthermia masks the neuroprotective effects of tissue plaminogen activator. Stroke, 36(3), 665-669.
Ogihara, T., Kikuchi, K., Fujita, T., Higaki, J., Horiuchi, M., Imai, Y., . . . Iwao, H. (2009). The Japanese Society of Hypertension Committee for Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension. Hypertension Research: Clinical and Experimental: Official Journal of The Japanese Society of Hypertension, 32(1), 4-107.
Paciaroni, M., Mazzotta, G., Corea, F., Caso, V., Venti, M., Milia, P., . . . Gallai, V. (2004). Dysphagia following stroke. European Neurology, 51(3), 162-167.
Paolucci, S., Antonucci, G., Grasso, M. G., Bragoni, M., Coiro, P., De Angelis, D., . . . Troisi, E. (2003). Functional outcome of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients after inpatient rehabilitation. Stroke, 34(12), 2861-2865.
Parsons, M. W., Barber, P. A., Desmond, P. M., Baird, T. A., Darby, D. G., Byrnes, G., . . . Davis, S. M. (2002). Acute hyperglycemia adversely affects stroke outcome: a magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy study. Annals of Neurology, 52(1), 20-28.
Pickering, T. G., Shimbo, D., & Haas, D. (2006). Ambulatory blood-pressure monitoring. New England Journal of Medicine, 354(22), 2368-2374.
Pierce, L., Rodrigues-Fisher, L., Buettner, M., Bulcroft, J., Camp, Y., & Bourguignon, C. (1995). Frequently selected nursing diagnoses for the rehabilitation client with stroke. Rehabilitation Nursing: The Official Journal of The Association of Rehabilitation Nurses, 20(3), 138.
Prass, K., Braun, J. S., Dirnagl, U., Meisel, C., & Meisel, A. (2006). Stroke propagates bacterial aspiration to pneumonia in a model of cerebral ischemia. Stroke, 37(10), 2607-2612.
Pulsinelli, W. A., Levy, D. E., & Duffy, T. E. (1982). Regional cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism following transient forebrain ischemia. Annals of Neurology, 11(5), 499-509.
Qizilbash, N., Duffy, S., Warlow, C., & Mann, J. (1992). Lipids are risk factors for ischaemic stroke: overview and review. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 2(3), 127-136.
Qureshi, A. I., Giles, W. H., Croft, J. B., & Stern, B. J. (1997). Number of pregnancies and risk for stroke and stroke subtypes. Archives of Neurology, 54(2), 203.
Riachy, M., Sfeir, F., Sleilaty, G., Hage-Chahine, S., Dabar, G., Bazerbachi, T., . . . Koussa, S. (2008). Prediction of the survival and functional ability of severe stroke patients after ICU therapeutic intervention. BMC Neurology, 8(1), 24.
Ridker, P. M., Buring, J. E., Cook, N. R., & Rifai, N. (2003). C-reactive protein, the metabolic syndrome, and risk of incident cardiovascular events. Circulation, 107(3), 391-397.
Rodriguez, B. L., D’Agostino, R., Abbott, R. D., Kagan, A., Burchfiel, C. M., Yano, K., . . . Popper, J. (2002). Risk of hospitalized stroke in men enrolled in the Honolulu Heart Program and the Framingham Study. Stroke, 33(1), 230-236.
Roquer, J., Rodríguez-Campello, A., Gomis, M., Ois, A., Martínez-Rodríguez, J. E., Munteis, E., . . . Álvarez Sabín, J. (2006). Comparison of the impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of early death after stroke in women versus men. Journal of Neurology, 253(11), 1484-1489.
Rosamond, W. D., Folsom, A. R., Chambless, L. E., Wang, C. H., McGovern, P. G., Howard, G., . . . Shahar, E. (1999). Stroke incidence and survival among middle-aged adults: 9-year follow-up of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort. Stroke, 30(4), 736-743.
Rowley, G., & Fielding, K. (1991). Reliability and accuracy of the Glasgow Coma Scale with experienced and inexperienced users. Lancet, 337(8740), 535-538.
Rudd, A. G., Lowe, D., Hoffman, A., Irwin, P., & Pearson, M. (2004). Secondary prevention for stroke in the United Kingdom: results from the National Sentinel Audit of Stroke. Age and Ageing, 33(3), 280-286.
Sacco, R. L., Boden-Albala, B., Gan, R., Chen, X., Kargman, D. E., Shea, S., . . . Hauser, W. A. (1998). Stroke incidence among white, black, and Hispanic residents of an urban community. American Journal of Epidemiology, 147(3), 259-268.
Sargeant, L. A., Bennett, F. I., Forrester, T. E., Cooper, R. S., & Wilks, R. J. (2002). Predicting incident diabetes in Jamaica: the role of anthropometry. Obesity, 10(8), 792-798.
Sartori, M., Benetton, V., Carraro, A. M., Calò, L. A., Macchini, L., Giantin, V., . . . Semplicini, A. (2006). Blood pressure in acute ischemic stroke and mortality: a study with noninvasive blood pressure monitoring. Blood Pressure Monitoring, 11(4), 199.
Sato, S., Toyoda, K., Uehara, T., Toratani, N., Yokota, C., Moriwaki, H., . . . Minematsu, K. (2008). Baseline NIH Stroke Scale Score predicting outcome in anterior and posterior circulation strokes. Neurology, 70(24 Part 2), 2371-2377.
Schneider, A. T., Pancioli, A. M., Khoury, J. C., Rademacher, E., Tuchfarber, A., Miller, R., . . . Broderick, J. P. (2003). Trends in community knowledge of the warning signs and risk factors for stroke. The Journal of The American Medical Association, 289(3), 343-346.
Shah, S., Vanclay, F., & Cooper, B. (1989). Improving the sensitivity of the Barthel Index for stroke rehabilitation. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 42(8), 703-709.
Shimada, K., Kawamoto, A., Matsubayashi, K., & Ozawa, T. (1990). Silent cerebrovascular disease in the elderly. Correlation with ambulatory pressure. Hypertension, 16(6), 692-699.
Song, Y. M., Sung, J., Smith, G. D., & Ebrahim, S. (2004). Body Mass Index and Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke. Stroke, 35(4), 831-836.
Soyama, Y., Miura, K., Morikawa, Y., Nishijo, M., Nakanishi, Y., Naruse, Y., . . . Nakagawa, H. (2003). High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Risk of Stroke in Japanese Men and Women. Stroke, 34(4), 863-868.
Spilker, J., Kongable, G., Barch, C., Braimah, J., Brattina, P., Daley, S., . . . Sailor, S. (1997). Using the NIH Stroke Scale to assess stroke patients. The NINDS rt-PA Stroke Study Group. The Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 29(6), 384.
Stergiou, G. S., Baibas, N. M., Gantzarou, A. P., Skeva, I. I., Kalkana, C. B., Roussias, L. G., & Mountokalakis, T. D. (2002). Reproducibility of home, ambulatory, and clinic blood pressure: implications for the design of trials for the assessment of antihypertensive drug efficacy. American Journal of Hypertension, 15(2), 101-104.
Suk, S. H., Sacco, R. L., Boden-Albala, B., Cheun, J. F., Pittman, J. G., Elkind, M. S., & Paik, M. C. (2003). Abdominal obesity and risk of ischemic stroke the Northern manhattan stroke study. Stroke, 34(7), 1586-1592.
Sulter, G., Steen, C., & De Keyser, J. (1999). Use of the Barthel index and modified Rankin scale in acute stroke trials. Stroke, 30(8), 1538-1541.
Tilley, B. C., Marler, J., Geller, N. L., Lu, M., Legler, J., Brott, T., . . . Grotta, J. (1996). Use of a global test for multiple outcomes in stroke trials with application to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke t-PA Stroke Trial. Stroke, 27(11), 2136-2142.
Tohgi, H., Chiba, K., & Kimura, M. (1991). Twenty-four-hour variation of blood pressure in vascular dementia of the Binswanger type. Stroke, 22(5), 603-608.
Turhan, N., Saraçgil, N., Öztop, P., & Bayramoglu, M. (2006). Serum albumin and comorbidity relative to rehabilitation outcome in geriatric stroke, and possible links with stroke etiology. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 29(1), 81.
Verdecchia, P. (2000). Prognostic value of ambulatory blood pressure: current evidence and clinical implications. Hypertension, 35(3), 844-851.
Verdecchia, P., Schillaci, G., Borgioni, C., Ciucci, A., Pede, S., & Porcellati, C. (1998). Ambulatory pulse pressure: a potent predictor of total cardiovascular risk in hypertension. Hypertension, 32(6), 983-988.
Volpe, M., & Dedhiya, S. D. (2006). Physicians, patients, and public knowledge and perception regarding hypertension and stroke: a review of survey studies. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 22(7), 1319-1330.
Wade, D. T., Skilbeck, C. E., & Hewer, R. L. (1983). Predicting Barthel ADL score at 6 months after an acute stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 64(1), 24.
Wagner, K. R., Kleinholz, M., de Courten-Myers, G. M., & Myers, R. E. (1992). Hyperglycemic versus normoglycemic stroke: topography of brain metabolites, intracellular pH, and infarct size. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 12(2), 213-222.
Wang, Y., Rimm, E. B., Stampfer, M. J., Willett, W. C., & Hu, F. B. (2005). Comparison of abdominal adiposity and overall obesity in predicting risk of type 2 diabetes among men. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 81(3), 555-563.
Weimar, C., Kraywinkel, K., Rodl, J., Hippe, A., Harms, L., Kloth, A., & Diener, H. C. (2002). Etiology, duration, and prognosis of transient ischemic attacks: an analysis from the German Stroke Data Bank. Archives of Neurology, 59(10), 1584.
Westling, B., Norrving, B., & Thorngren, M. (1990). Survival following stroke. A prospective population‐based study of 438 hospitalized cases with prediction according to subtype, severity and age. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 81(5), 457-463.
White, W. B. (2006). Expanding the use of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring for the diagnosis and management of patients with hypertension. Hypertension, 47(1), 14-15.
Whitworth, J. (2003). 2003 World Health Organization (WHO)/International Society of Hypertension (ISH) statement on management of hypertension. Journal of Hypertension, 21(11), 1983.
Whitworth, J. A., & Chalmers, J. (2004). World health organisation-international society of hypertension (WHO/ISH) hypertension guidelines. Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 26(7-8), 747.
World Health Organization. (2005). Cardiovascular disease prevention and control: translating evidence into action: World Health Organization.
World Health Organization. (2006). The world health report 2002: reducing risks, promoting healthy life. Geneva: WHO; 2002. World Health Organization.
Wildman, R. P., Gu, D., Reynolds, K., Duan, X., Wu, X., & He, J. (2005). Are waist circumference and body mass index independently associated with cardiovascular disease risk in Chinese adults? The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 82(6), 1195-1202.
Williams, L. S., Yilmaz, E. Y., & Lopez-Yunez, A. M. (2000). Retrospective assessment of initial stroke severity with the NIH Stroke Scale. Stroke, 31(4), 858-862.
Wolf-Maier, K., Cooper, R. S., Banegas, J. R., Giampaoli, S., Hense, H. W., Joffres, M., . . . Rodríguez-Artalejo, F. (2003). Hypertension prevalence and blood pressure levels in 6 European countries, Canada, and the United States. JAMA: The Journal of The American Medical Association, 289(18), 2363-2369.
Wolf, P. A., Abbott, R. D., & Kannel, W. B. (1991). Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study. Stroke, 22(8), 983-988.
Wolf, P. A., D'Agostino, R. B., O'Neal, M. A., Sytkowski, P., Kase, C. S., Belanger, A. J., & Kannel, W. B. (1992). Secular trends in stroke incidence and mortality. The Framingham Study. Stroke, 23(11), 1551-1555.
Xue, D., Huang, Z. G., Smith, K. E., & Buchan, A. M. (1992). Immediate or delayed mild hypothermia prevents focal cerebral infarction. Brain Research, 587(1), 66-72.
Yamamoto, Y., Akiguchi, I., Oiwa, K., Satoi, H., & Kimura, J. (1995). Diminished nocturnal blood pressure decline and lesion site in cerebrovascular disease. Stroke, 26(5), 829-833.
Yong, M., Diener, H. C., Kaste, M., & Mau, J. (2005). Characteristics of blood pressure profiles as predictors of long-term outcome after acute ischemic stroke. Stroke, 36(12), 2619-2625.
Zanchetti, A., Cifkova, R., & Fagard, R. (2003). 2003 European Society of Hypertension-European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. J Hypertens, 21, 1011-1053.
Zhang, H., Thijs, L., & Staessen, J. A. (2006). Blood pressure lowering for primary and secondary prevention of stroke. Hypertension, 48(2), 187-195.




連結至畢業學校之論文網頁點我開啟連結
註: 此連結為研究生畢業學校所提供,不一定有電子全文可供下載,若連結有誤,請點選上方之〝勘誤回報〞功能,我們會盡快修正,謝謝!
QRCODE
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
無相關論文
 
1. 林肇華(2005)‧24小時攜帶型自動血壓測定儀之運用‧北市醫學雜誌,2(10),958-962。
2. 胡文郁、曾春典、戴玉慈、余玉眉(1996)‧高血壓患者服藥遵從行為及其相關因素之探討‧中華公共衛生雜誌,15(4),319-332。
3. 洪嘉蔚(2007)‧急性缺血性腦中風之早期治療‧北市醫學雜誌,
4. 郝立智、楊純宜、顧長生、柴國樑(2005)‧2005年美國糖尿病學會針對糖尿病合併高血壓之標準治療建議‧內科學誌,16(3),107-112。
5. 翁文章(2007)‧急性中風病人的加護病房監視與照護‧臨床醫學,
6. 張秋純、蔡麗雅、游顯妹(2007)‧一位腦中風病患及其照顧者之護理
7. 張瑞泰、林健民(2007)‧癌症、心血管疾病和糖尿病的預防‧學校衛
8. 曹汶龍(2006)‧缺血性腦中風的症狀與診斷‧慈濟醫學雜誌,18(5),
9. 曾慶孝(1999)‧綜論吸菸與戒菸對糖尿病患者發生心臟血管疾病的影
10. 曾美君、張谷州(2005)‧腦中風之嚴重度衡量與分類‧台灣醫界,
11. 馮啟揚、張權維、連倚南(1989)‧梗塞性腦中風發病時間之探討‧中
12. 莊曜嘉、李素菁(1996)‧腦中風病人之冠狀動脈疾病研究‧中華民國
13. 楊雀戀、章樂綺(2003)‧高血脂症飲食新觀念‧臨床醫學,52(6),
14. 鄒孟婷、鄒孟文(2003)‧健康知識、教育程度與肥胖之關係‧臺灣公
15. 趙君傑、陳郁菁、張志華、連楚明、王宗倫、唐高駿(2006)‧臺灣以靜脈注射rt-PA治療缺血性腦中風的現況調查‧中華民國急救加護醫學會雜誌,17(4),139-145。