臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

香菇（Lentinula edodes （Berk.） Pegler）是台灣原生食藥用菇類之一，經研究證實菇類萃取液具有降血糖、降膽固醇、抗炎症、抗菌、降低氧化傷害、傷口癒合、增加肝功能及抗腫瘤作用等生物活性之成份。而超音波具有空穴效應（cavitation effects）的物理特性，分別以超音波及熱水間接輔助進行，有助於增加萃取率。
因此本研究利用臺灣國產乾燥香菇柄作為材料，利用傳統熱水萃取及超音波萃取，以不同溫度(40 oC、60 oC、80 oC)及不同時間（10分鐘、20分鐘、30分鐘）進行萃取。萃取液分別測定總固形物的含量及抗氧化活性分析，包含清除DPPH自由基能力分析、還原力測定及總酚測定等試驗。
研究結果顯示，香菇柄總固形物含量以熱水萃取40 oC、30分鐘效果最好（33.78 %）；超音波萃取部分則以60 oC、10分鐘效果最佳（35.88 %）。另外，還原力方面，熱水萃取部分以40 oC、30分鐘條件下效果最佳；超音波萃取部分則以60 oC、10分鐘效果最佳。在清除DPPH自由基能力方面，熱水萃取40 oC、30分鐘清除效果最好，清除率為28.84 %，而超音波在40 oC、 30分鐘可達清除率為59.57 %。在總酚含量方面，以熱水萃取40 oC、30分鐘效果最好（0.33 mg/g）；超音波萃取部分則以40 oC、30分鐘與60 oC、10分鐘效果最佳（0.39 mg/g）。在清除DPPH自由基能力的，於40 oC輔助超音波萃取30分鐘的EC50值最低（5.72 mg/mL）。還原力EC50值，也以40 oC超音波萃取30分鐘時最低（1.91mg/mL）最佳。
由此研究結果顯示，於40 oC - 60 oC下超音波輔助萃取液之抗氧化力以低溫長時間萃取效果佳。同時，超音波輔助萃取所得之抗氧化力優於單純熱水萃取。

Shiitake (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler) is one of edible and pharmaceutical prototypical mushrooms in Taiwan. According to experimental evidence, the extract of the mushroom contains hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, antiinflammary, antibacterial, antioxidative, woundhealing, hepatoprotective, antitumor and immune modulating effects. On the other hand, that the cavitation effects and the physical property of ultrasonic, could help to increase the extraction rate. Therefore, in this research, we use dried shiitake stipe home-grown in Taiwan as materials. Then, we run the two different extraction ways, hot-water extraction and ultrasonic extraction. Also, we set different temperature and time as conditions. Finally, the total solid content and antioxidant activities in these extractions.
We take dried shiitake stipe as materials. Then, we do the traditional hot-water extraction and ultrasonic extraction, and we set different temperatures (40 ℃、60 ℃、80 ℃) and different duration (10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes)to do extraction. Finally, we measure the total solid content of the extraction and do antioxidant activity analysis about the extraction including analyzing the effect of scavenging DPPH radicals, and measuring reducing power and total phenol concentration.
This research result reveals that in 40 ℃, 30 minutes hot-water extraction, the result is the best about the total solid content of the shiitake stipe (28.84 %)。Moreover, the best result (35.88 %) of ultrasonic extraction is in the condition, 60 ℃ and 10 minutes. About reducing power, the best results of hot-water extraction is 0.96 in the condition 40 ℃ and 30 minutes; the best result of ultrasonic extraction is 1.05 in the conditions 60 ℃, 10 minutes. Scavenging DPPH radicals, the best result of hot-water extraction is 32.65 % in the condition 40 ℃ and 30 minutes; the best result of ultrasonic extraction is 59.57 % in the conditions 40 ℃, 10 minutes. About total phenol concentration, the best result of hot-water extraction is 0.33 mg/g in the condition of 40 ℃ and 30 minutes; the best result of ultrasonic extraction is 0.39 mg/g in the conditions 40 ℃, 30 minutes and 60 ℃, 10 minutes. About effect of scavenging DPPH radicals, the lowest of (5.72 mg/mL) was revealed in ultrasonic extraction, the EC50 value, the ultrasonic extraction represents the best at 40 oC for 30 minutes. About the reducing power, the lowest EC50 was 1.91 mg/mL in the ultrasonic extraction at 40 oC for 30 minutes.

壹、前言 1
貳、文獻整理 2
一、香菇 2
（一）簡介 2
（二）香菇分類與形態 2
（三）菇類的主要應用價值 5
（四）香菇生長與栽培 7
（五）香菇中生物活性物質 9
（六）香菇生物體的防禦以及身體機能調節物質 9
二、超音波物理原理與應用 16
（一）超音波分類 16
（二）超音波降解之原理 20
（三） 超音波之應用 22
三、自由基、活性氧與抗氧化 25
（一）自由基及活性氧的主要來源 25
（二）自由基及活性氧常見種類特性可大致分為： 27
（三）自由基與活性氧對生物體的影響 31
（四）自由基與活性氧造成生物體疾病的關聯性 33
（五）抗氧化對生物體的重要性 36
參、研究架構 43
肆、材料與方法 44
一、實驗材料 44
（一）材料 44
（二）化學藥品與試藥 44
二、實驗方法 45
（一）菇類之前處理 45
（二）香菇柄之萃取與儲存處理 45
（三）香菇總固形物含量之測定 45
（四）熱水萃取物與超音波萃取物清除DPPH能力之測定 47
（五）總多酚類含量 48
（六）還原力 48
（七）統計分析 49
伍、結果與討論 50
一、熱水與超音波在不同萃取時間與溫度下處理對香菇柄萃取液總固形物含量之影響 50
二、 熱水與超音波在不同萃取時間與溫度下處理對香菇柄萃取液清除DPPH能力之影響 50
三、熱水與超音波在不同萃取時間與溫度下處理對香菇柄萃取液總多酚化合物含量之影響 54
四、熱水與超音波在不同萃取時間與溫度下處理對香菇柄萃取液還原力之影響 58
五、熱水與超音波在不同萃取時間下處理對香菇柄萃取液抗氧化性質EC50值之影響 64
陸、結論 65
柒、參考文獻 66

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