臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究對腎臟摘除手術做模擬，當外科醫生面對高難度的腎切除手術時，模擬系統就成為一個有效的工具，可以事先讓醫生評估各種手術會發生的狀況以及相應的解決方法，進而提高手術的成功率，此模擬系統也可以應用在學生的手術教學上。
對於病患的容積資料，我們使用一動態Cube來記錄MC演算法所生成的三角片資訊，利用這些三角片的線性轉換來達到軟組織操作(如掀開)的目的。掀開軟組織後便可讓我們看到身體內部的器官，而將該器官與其他器官的連接部分切開，然後辨識其分離器官，並加以移除，掀開與移除的操作都使用Seed and Flood演算法。

In this study, the kidney removal surgery simulation, when surgeons face difficult nephrectomy, the simulation system has become an effective tool, surgeons can advance to assess the surgery situation will happen and the corresponding solutions, thus improvingsuccess rate of surgery. This simulation system can also be applied on the students to surgical teaching.
For Volume Data of patients, we use a dynamic data structure to record the reconstructed triangles in a cube by the MC algorithm. Use of a linear transformation of these triangles to achieve the soft tissue operation(as peeling). We can see the body's internal organs after peeling soft tissue, and cut off the connection part of organs and other organs. then identification of separated organs, and be removed. Peeling and removed operation both use Seed and Flood algorithm.

目錄
摘要..........................................I
Abstract....................................II
誌謝........................................III
目錄.........................................IV
圖目錄........................................V
第一章 前言...................................1
1.1 研究背景..................................1
1.2 研究目的..................................4
1.3 論文架構..................................5
第二章 建構容積顯像系統........................6
2.1 硬體規格..................................6
2.2 系統環境..................................6
2.3 Windows XP(32bit) to Windows 7(64bit)....6
2.4 影像資料處理...............................7
第三章 維持組織幾何特性的動態Cube資料結構........9
3.1 Cube資料結構..............................9
3.2 三角片的產生與重建.........................10
3.3 Cube的操作...............................12
3.3.1 繞3D空間中任意軸旋轉.....................12
3.3.2 掀開...................................14
第四章 以Seed and Flood Algorithm做手術模擬...15
4.1 Seed and Flood Algorithm.................15
4.2 掀開模擬..................................18
4.2.1 切割外層軟組織..........................18
4.2.2 虛擬手術刀..............................19
4.2.3 掀開外層軟組織..........................20
4.3 摘除模擬.................................22
第五章 腎臟摘除模擬實例.......................23
第六章 結論與未來展望.........................28
參考文獻.....................................29

圖目錄
圖1 Illustration by GGS Information Services, Inc. The Gale Group............2
圖2 DICOM影像處理流程.........................................................8
圖3.1 Cube資料結構............................................................9
圖3.2 讀入斷層片前的各項參數設定...............................................11
圖4.1 種子圖.................................................................15
圖4.2 Closed boundary in the face by incision surface and virtual planes....18
圖4.3 Triangulated incision surface calculated by length (S), successive 6D input positions (P) and angles (α) of surgical knife........................19
圖4.4 Closed boundary on the face by incision curve and virtual lines.......20
圖5.1 左腎臟摘除模擬前之正面顯像，由上而下依序是胸部、腹部........................23
圖5.2 將封閉邊界內的軟組織沿著基準線上下掀開，使左腎臟暴露........................24
圖5.3 將圖5.2放大，為掀開軟組織後左腎臟暴露.....................................24
圖5.4 左腎臟摘除模擬後之正面顯像，此時左腎臟已被摘除.............................25
圖5.5 將圖5.4放大，仰視的視角.................................................25
圖5.6 將圖5.4放大，正面的視角.................................................26
圖5.7 腎臟摘除後之側面顯像....................................................26
圖5.8 將圖5.7放大，紅圈裡為掀開的軟組織........................................27
圖5.9 左腎臟摘除後之顯像，紅圈為切斷腎臟血管和輸尿管的部分........................27

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[14]Glenn Murray: Rotation About an Arbitrary Axis in 3 Dimensions, 11 July 2011