臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來由於能源問題，釵h卡車輪圈製造商紛紛開始著手輪圈的
輕量化，但是由於卡車輪圈所承受之負載比一般汽車來的大，因此在
輪圈結構強度上有較嚴苛的規範。本文主要是依據中華民國標準
『CNS7135』之規範，並利用有限元分析軟體Abaqus 來探討22.5×9
的卡車鋁輪圈在彎曲疲勞測試與徑向疲勞測試下之應力分佈情形。在
彎曲疲勞測試方面，採取在負載臂尾端利用合力的方式來仿照彎曲疲
勞機台利用離心力來對輪圈產生一個動態力矩；徑向疲勞則是直接仿
效徑向疲勞機台，在驅動輪與輪圈中間以輪胎當傳遞力量的介質，進
而讓驅動輪帶動輪胎與輪圈的轉動，觀察其動態應力；此外分析時會
將螺栓預力和多面接觸之狀況納入分析之考量。經過計算分析後，提
取分析之結果與實測組相互比對，統計出實測與分析之誤差，並將此
誤差作為分析時的修改參數。此外利用本次研究之模型分析兩種不同
類型之輪圈，比較其應力分佈情形，可發現輪圈設計主要著重於通風
孔的結構設計，通過此處的結構改變可加強輪圈的結構強度。

Recently due to the shortage of energy, many truck manufacturers
are developing aluminum alloy car wheel to lighten the truck weight.
However the workload of a truck is much greater than a car, so structural
strength of truck wheels have strict standards for safety issue. This thesis
is modeling cornering and radial fatigue tests of a 22.5×9 in. aluminum
truck wheel and discussing the stress field by using finite element
analysis software AbaqusR. The cornering test and radial test equipments
and standards are based on CNS7135 published by Bureau of Standards,
Metrology, and Inspection, Republic of China. The cornering test uses a
standard load on a rotating arm to create repeated torque on the wheel
being test, and the radial test uses a large wheel to drive a truck wheel
with tire to model the load of truck driving on road. Also the preloads of
bolts act on the wheel are considered. Data from finite element analysis
are compared with data from experimental measurement. The results
show that the error between finite element analysis and experimental
measurement are about 30% on cornering test and 10% on radial test. So
finite element modeling and analyzing may be effectively and efficiently
to reduce the number of truck wheel radial fatigue test and save time and
cost on developing new truck wheels.

中文摘要 .............................................................................................. I
Abstract .............................................................................................. II
目錄 ................................................................................................... III
圖目錄 ................................................................................................ V
表目錄 .............................................................................................. IX
第一章緒論 ...................................................................................... 1
1.1 前言 ..................................................................................... 1
1.2 文獻回顧 ............................................................................. 2
1.3 研究目的與動機 ................................................................. 3
1.4 研究方法 ............................................................................. 4
圖1-1 分析流程圖第二章基礎理論 .............................................. 4
第二章基礎理論 .............................................................................. 5
2.1 輪胎構造 ............................................................................. 5
2.2 有限元分析基礎理論 ......................................................... 6
2.3 螺栓預力 ............................................................................. 8
第三章有限元分析 .......................................................................... 9
3.1 分析模型介紹 ..................................................................... 9
3.1.1 彎曲疲勞試驗 .......................................................... 9
3.1.2 徑向疲勞試驗 ........................................................ 10
3.2 模型建立及網格化 ........................................................... 11
3.2.1 輪圈模型建立 ........................................................ 11
3.2.2 輪胎模型建立 ........................................................ 12
3.3 彎曲疲勞模型設定 ........................................................... 15
3.3.1 負載設定 ................................................................ 15
3.3.2 接觸對 .................................................................... 17
3.3.3 邊界條件 ................................................................ 18
3.4 徑向疲勞模型設定 ........................................................... 19
3.4.1 負載設定 ................................................................ 19
3.4.2 接觸對 .................................................................... 20
3.4.3 邊界條件 ................................................................ 20
第四章分析結果 ............................................................................ 22
4.1 螺栓預力結果 ................................................................... 22
4.2 實測與模擬分析比較 ....................................................... 24
卡車輪圈彎曲與徑向疲勞試驗之有限元素動態分析
4.2.1 彎曲疲勞分析 ........................................................ 24
4.1.2 徑向疲勞分析 ........................................................ 27
4.1.3 誤差表 .................................................................... 29
4.2 不同類型輪圈之分析比較 ............................................... 30
4.2.1 彎曲疲勞分析 ........................................................ 31
4.2.2 徑向疲勞分析 ........................................................ 41
第五章結果討論與未來展望 ........................................................ 55
5.1 結果討論 ........................................................................... 55
5.1.1 實測與分析結果討論 ............................................ 55
5.1.2 不同類型輪圈結果討論 ........................................ 55
5.1.3 結論 ........................................................................ 56
5.2 未來展望 ........................................................................... 57
參考文獻........................................................................................... 58
附錄1................................................................................................ 60

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