臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著時代的變遷，現今產品之設計主流為節省成本以及降低污染，以尋求更高的產業價值。為此，本論文研究超音波傳遞至塑膠射出成型模具之共振行為，以此方法來取代傳統射出成型之頂出機構，即可捨棄頂出銷等部分材料，使模具結構達到輕量化之效果。

本文設計了四種不同造型之模仁，其中包括具有冷卻水路之軸不對稱模仁，並匯入有限元素軟體ANSYS對其進行網格收斂分析、模態分析與簡諧分析，以模擬超音波傳遞至模仁上之振動行為，並於模仁兩側添加導波裝置來改善其振型與位移量，藉由調整導波塊半徑、貼附位置與入射角度等參數，以得到模仁之最佳脫模效果。最後，本文再探討當冷卻水路裡含有冷卻液時，對模仁位移量所造成之影響情況。

研究發現，軸對稱模仁之振型相當均勻且具有較大之位移量，而軸不對稱模仁可藉由添加導波裝置產生較均勻之振型；當冷卻水路內部含有冷卻液時，不同超音波入射角度將會對脫模位移量產生一定的影響。

A novel molded-part released device used in plastics injection molding system with cooling channels is designed and analyzed in this study. Resource-based view and energy-saving perspectives are extensively emphasized and meanwhile, achieving competitive advantage strengthens and positions are also concerned. The technological singularity (the concept in terms of the technological creation of superintelligence) is particular concern in this device study. Thereafter, a systematically analytical methodology must be used to the molded-part release device with the aid of ultrasonic waves transmission instead of the traditional eject-pin mechanism. Accordingly, the mode shape and the natural frequency of the ultrasonic device, and the operating frequency are quite crucial and have correlated relationship attributed to the preliminary modal analysis.

A novel wave-guided block for enhancing the response sensitivity of the ultrasonic transmission is proposed in this study. Meanwhile, the wave-guided block can be designed so as to be used as the modification or adjustment of the incident angle of emission waves and/or the amendment of the concentration width of the emission ultrasound beam.

For fast and easily releasing the molded part, uniform and high enough displacement amplitude in some critical points of the molding die are acquired. Hereby, the molding die, the ultrasonic-wave transmission device, and the incident way of ultrasound must be designed and analyzed with innovative concepts. Consequently, different incident positions of the ultrasonic horn correlated to the mold die mechanism, different incident angles of ultrasonic waves, and the geometry of wave-guide are studied and design.

The resonance behavior is simulated by using the finite-element software “ANSYS” when ultrasonic waves are transmitting through the mold. Grid convergence analysis, modal analysis, and harmonic analysis are all performed with the same way. Waveguide devices are added on both sides of the mold for the improvement of its oscillation and displacement amplitudes. The favorable part-released ways are obtained by adjusting the radius of waveguide block, the attachment position, and the incident angle. Finally, as cooling medium is filled into the water channels, the mold-die displacement is also studied.

Consequently, the acceptable or optimal harmonic frequency of the mold-die device related to the acceptable or optimum vibration mode shape, the distance of the relative position between the mass center of the mold die and the geometric-shape center of the ultrasound transmission horn, and the most acceptable or favorable incident angle of ultrasonic waves are found under the consideration with and without the wave-guided block. As the wave-guide block is joined to the device of the mold die, the uniformity of displacement at critical points are found to be relatively enhanced. Moreover, it is found that the width of the ultrasound beam and the element meshing skill are also quite critical, particularly, as analyzing coupling problems, such as the coupled interfaces of fluid and solid.

誌謝 I
摘要 II
Abstract III
目錄 VI
圖目錄 IX
表目錄 XVII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 文獻回顧 3
1.3 研究方法與論文架構 6
第二章 基本原理與設計準則 8
2.1 超音波基本原理 8
2.1.1 音波之特性 8
2.1.2 超音波之特性 8
2.1.3 音波之種類 11
2.1.4 波速、波長和頻率之關係 12
2.1.5 超音波之衰減 12
2.2 聲波之物理方程推導 13
2.2.1 固體中的波動方程式 15
2.2.2 固體中的縱波 17
2.2.3 固體中的橫波 18
2.3 超音波換能器之結構 18
2.3.1 壓電材料元件之特性 19
2.4 自然頻率 19
2.5 射出成型原理 20
2.5.1 射出成型之流程 20
2.5.2 冷卻水路之設計 22
第三章 模擬方法與介紹 23
3.1 基本假設 23
3.2 模擬分析之流程 31
3.3 網格之收斂性分析 33
3.4 各模仁之模態分析 42
3.5 各模仁之簡諧分析 52
3.6 不同入射方向之影響 62
第四章 模仁振型之改善分析 65
4.1 模擬分析之流程 65
4.2 心型橫放模仁之改善 67
4.2.1 導波塊半徑之分析 68
4.2.2 導波塊位置之分析 77
4.2.3 入射角度之影響 82
4.3 心型縱放模仁之改善 86
4.3.1 導波塊半徑之分析 86
4.3.2 導波塊位置之分析 95
4.3.3 入射角度之影響 100
4.4 水路結構含有冷卻液之分析 104
4.4.1 流固耦合分析之步驟 104
4.4.2 不同入射角度之分析 104
4.5 鎖模力之分析 120
第五章 結果與討論 128
5.1 完整之分析結果 128
第六章 結論與未來展望 133
6.1 結論 133
6.2 未來展望 135
參考文獻 137

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