臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

人類對於石化能源的依賴與日俱增，且隨著地球人口增加以及歷經石油危機後，尋求新的替代能源已成為目前全人類共同努力的目標。而除了風力、地熱、太陽能等這些綠色能源以外，微生物燃料電池也是目前各界研究新能源的主題之一。自然界中光合菌與部分腐生菌可藉由其代謝過程產生氫離子，進而產生電流。而本論文中研究光合菌Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides和腐生菌Shewanella oneidensis在微生物燃料電池系統中的發電潛力；另外以碳紙為燃料電池電極之基材，以導電性單體pyrrole和其衍生物pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid (P3CA) 形成導電性共聚高分子以固定酵素並修飾電極表面。以SEM觀察經導電性高分子共聚物修飾後之電極表面型態，可用來比較不同聚合條件對電極表面之影響，同時以電化學分析儀來分析各種操作條件下燃料電池之發電功率與輸出電流；並以交流阻抗分析儀來分析模擬不同燃料電池反應器之內部阻抗。
除了以燃料電池之發電功率判斷不同電極材料對系統的影響；亦以不同燃料電池反應器之設計模組進行比較，包括雙槽式燃料電池系統與單槽式燃料電池系統在發電功率與輸出電流之差異，其中單槽式燃料電池系統的表現較優異可以達到6,500 mW/m3之最大功率輸出。在雙槽式燃料電池系統中，也進行了不同電極面積以及不同電極間距對燃料電池輸出功率之影響。燃料電池系統加入不同碳源與不同氧化還原對 (mediator) 後之發電效率影響亦於本文中予以比較。

In recent years, human being relies on petroleum energy more than that in early cen-turies causing the shortage of fussed fuels. Thus, new energy must be used to replace it es-pecially in the situations of terribly increasing population number. Microbial fuel cell is the way in the study for the power generation to overcome the problems above. Two bacteria species, photosynthetic Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and shewanella oneidensis, were used in the microbial fuel cell system because of metabolised hydrogen ion produced by. Besides the microbials, carbon paper was chosen as the base material of electrodes, and it was modified by electroconducting-polymers, pyrrole and pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid (P3CA), because of their great conductivity. The surface of electrode constructed was ex-amined by SEM image for the comparison of different electropolymerization conditions. Finally, the output power density from microbial fuel cell and inner resistance was tested by electroanalytical instrument, potential stat and AC impedance.
We designed different configurations for the microbial fuel cell reactor system in-cluding single chamber and duel chamber. The performance of single chamber system is better than that of duel chamber system, and the output power density of single chamber system could reach 6,500 mW/m3. Through the research of duel chamber system, the elec-trode area and the distance between electrodes was confirmed to be the effecting factors in these result. The effect of adding different carbon resources and mediators in electrolyte for microbial fuel cell functioning was also tested.

中文摘要 ...................I
ABSTRACT...................II
誌謝...................III
目錄...................IV
表目錄...................VI
圖目錄...................VII
第一章 緒論...................1
1.1 綠色能源...................1
1.2 燃料電池的發展...................1
1.3 生物燃料電池...................2
1.3.1微生物型燃料電池...................3
1.3.2 微生物型燃料電池之反應器設計...................4
1.3.3 微生物型燃料電池電極之設計...................9
1.4 燃料電池電極表面之修飾...................11
1.4.1 導電性高分子之介紹...................11
1.4.2 電極表面之修飾...................12
1.5 微生物燃料電池之使用菌株...................13
1.5.1光合菌的發電機制...................13
1.5.2 非光合菌組成之燃料電池發電機制...................14
1.6 研究動機與目的...................15
第二章 實驗方法與材料...................16
2.1 微生物培養...................16
2.1.1 菌體之基礎培養...................16
2.1.2 微生物燃料電池操作用之培養基...................16
2.2 微生物燃料電池電極之製備...................17
2.2.1 碳紙電極之製備...................17
2.2.2 電極之導電性高分子修飾...................17
2.3 微生物燃料電池之放電測試...................18
2.3.1 雙槽式微生物燃料電池之組裝...................19
2.3.2單槽式空氣陰極型燃料電池之組裝...................19
2.3.3 極化曲線與發電效率密度之檢測...................19
2.4 電極特性之分析...................19
2.4.1 以掃描式電子顯微鏡 (SEM) 觀察陽極電極表面................19
2.4.2 燃料電池組之交流阻抗分析...................19
2.5 藥品與材料...................20
2.6 儀器設備...................22
第三章 結果與討論...................23
3.1 導電性高分子...................23
3.1.1 導電性高分子之表面型態與表面觀察...................24
3.2 雙槽式燃料電池之發電效率探討...................27
3.2.1 不同電極表面修飾對於雙槽式燃料電池發電效率之影響..........28
3.2.2 加入不同碳源對於燃料電池發電效率的影響...................30
3.2.3 不同陰陽極間距以及不同電極面積大小對燃料電池操作之影響.......34
3.2.4 以不同菌種為觸媒之微生物型燃料電池系統之放電差異............36
3.2.5 不同供氧環境對雙槽式燃料電池操作之影響...................38
3.3 單槽式燃料電池之發電效率探討...................40
3.3.1 使用不同菌株做為單槽式燃料電池觸媒之影響..................41
3.3.2 不同陰陽電極間距對於單槽式燃料電池發電效率之影響............42
3.3.3 不同高分子修飾方式製備之電極對燃料電池表現之影響............46
3.4 單槽式微生物型燃料電池系統反應器之探討...................49
3.4.1 單槽式微生物燃料電池發電效率與碳源濃度之關係................50
3.4.2 不同電極表面修飾對單槽式燃料電池發電效率與系統碳源濃度之影響...51
3.4.3 系統中加入不同導電還原對後對燃料電池之影響.................55
3.4.4 電聚合不同圈數之電極對燃料電池發電效率之影響................59
3.5 以交流阻抗分析不同燃料電池反應器之阻抗大小...................62
第四章 結論...................66
參考文獻...................68

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