臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要應用質點影像測速(Particle Image Velocimetry，PIV)量測波浪通過彈性透水潛堤之流場特性變化，並利用波高計紀錄分析波浪通過結構物之透過率與反射率；同時將PIV量測之速度場，分析平均速度、渦度、流線、水平流速剖面、紊流動能及最大渦度質等特性。
本研究實驗模型主要包括兩大類六種潛堤，PIV量測分析對象為：(1)第一大類：相同材質之相鄰彈性透水潛堤及單一彈性透水潛堤，針對堤寬改變，對流場變化進行量測與分析；(2)第二大類：不同材質之相鄰彈性透水潛堤，改變前後位置，對流場的變化進行量測與分析。同時量測波浪通過各模型時波浪的反射率與透過率，並將分析結果與Lan et al.(2011；2012)所提理論解析解比較，呈現有良好的一致性。此外，PIV量測結果顯示，當波浪通過相同材質堤寬不同之相鄰與單一彈性透水潛堤時，結構物擺動越明顯，紊流動能變化與渦流的發展較為明顯受影響，且堤寬較大時，結構物堤頂靠近上游側之紊流動能變化也越大。試驗結果顯示，相鄰彈性透水潛堤與剛性不透水潛堤之不同材質組合，彈性透水潛堤不論放在何處皆會對附近的渦流與紊流動能產生影響。

This thesis investigates the measurement of wave reflection and transmission as well as characteristics of flow field using wave gauge and PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry). The flow field including the instantaneous horizontal velocity profile, the average velocity, turbulent kinetic energy(TKE), streamline and the maximum vorticity were analyzed based on dataset measured by PIV technique.
This study focuses on the effect of changes submerged adjacent breakwaters and single breakwater widths, materials and shapes of breakwaters on wave transformation and flow field for wave propagating over elastic breakwaters. The experimental result of wave reflection and transmission is in good agreement with analytic solutions of Lan et al. (2011 ; 2012). Moreover, experimental analysis show that different widths of single materials between two adjacent and single permeable breakwaters have significant effects on TKE and vorticity due to movement of structures. It is also found that the TKE becomes larger on the top of breakwaters nearby the upstream side when the width of the breakwaters increases. Different shapes or single breakwaters appear to influence characteristics of flow field.

中文摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
符號說明 XIV
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究動機與目的 1
1-2 前人研究 1
1-3 本文組織 4
第二章 試驗設備與佈置 5
2-1 試驗水槽與造波設備 5
2-2 模型佈置 6
2-2-1 潛堤模型尺寸與相關係數 6
2-2-2 孔隙率n'之決定 8
2-2-3 剪力模數G與柏松比μ之決定 9
2-2-4 滲透係數Kp與紊流阻力係數Cf之決定 9
2-3 水位量測系統與造波條件 10
2-3-1水位量測系統 10
2-3-2 造波條件 11
2-4 PIV量測系統 14
2-4-1 CCD影像擷取系統(CCD camera) 14
2-4-2 同步控制系統(Synchronizer) 16
2-4-3 雷射系統(Laser System) 16
第三章 試驗原理及驗證 18
3-1量測原理與分析方法 18
3-1-1 PIV系統量測原理 18
3-1-2 渦流強度之定義與分析方法 23
3-1-3 紊流動能之定義與分析方法 24
3-2試驗驗證 26
3-2-1 PIV量測系統驗證 26
3-2-2 試驗流場合併區流速驗證 29
3-2-3 試驗重複性 31
3-3 系統誤差 33
3-3-1 波高計系統誤差 33
3-3-2 PIV系統誤差 34
第四章 結果與討論 36
4-1 反射率與透過率試驗結果與比較 36
4-2 潛堤周圍之流場特性 39
4-2-1 Case01(泡棉5 cm與泡棉5 cm)之流場特性 39
4-2-2 Case02 (泡棉10 cm)之流場特性 50
4-2-3 Case03(泡棉3 cm與泡棉3 cm)之流場特性 60
4-2-4 Case04(泡棉6 cm)之流場特性 71
4-2-5 Case05(泡棉5 cm與壓克力5 cm)之流場特性 81
4-2-6 Case06(壓克力5 cm與泡棉5 cm)之流場特性 91
4-3 結構物附近水平流速剖面時序列資料分析 101
4-4 紊流動能 112
4-4-1 Case01與Case02相較 112
4-4-2 Case03與Case04相較 113
4-4-3 Case05與Case06相較 114
4-4-4 綜合討論 115
4-5 最大渦度值時序資料分析 128
第五章 結論與建議 132
5-1 結論 132
5-2 建議 133
參考文獻 134

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