臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

地表水與地下水之交互作用相當複雜，如氣候變異造成降雨量及降雨頻率的改變影響水文循環之分量分佈；而水文地質條件影響入滲之過程及地下水運移時間的長短。本研究探討氣候變化對地表及地下水交互作用所造成的衝擊，本研究建立一概念模式，探討不同氣候條件下水文分布以及地下水運移時間之變化。首先以統計方法Mann-Kendall test 以及Mann-Whitney Pettitt test 對台北及台南的降雨資料進行分析，結果顯示降雨強度及降雨日數有顯著的改變，但降雨量之改變並不顯著。在模擬方面參照降雨變異特徵設計6種降雨模擬情境，使用三維數值模擬軟體 HydroGeoSphere 進行水文分布及地下水運移時間的模擬，結果顯示降雨情況愈極端，地表水量增多而地下水入滲量減少且地下水運移時間拉長。

This study explores the impacts of climate variation on the interaction of surface water and groundwater. Distribution of hydrological components, infiltration process and groundwater movement on a hill slope are investigated. Statistical methods of Mann-Kendall test and Mann-Whitney Pettitt test are first applied to Taipei and Tainan precipitation data. Rainfall intensity is founded significantly changed while the change in total amount of precipitation is not statistically significant. Modeling scenarios are designed based on these findings. Numerical code, HydroGeoSphere, is used to simulate hydrological distribution and groundwater residence time in various scenarios. Results show that the infiltration reduces 65.7% and residence time elongates thirteen times for the most extreme scenario.

Abstract..................................................I
摘要......................................................II
Acknowledge.............................................III
Content..................................................IV
List of Figure...........................................VI
List of Table..........................................VIII
Notation.................................................IX
Chapter 1 Introduction....................................1
1.1 Background and Motivation.............................1
1.2 Literature Review.....................................3
Chapter 2 Methodology.....................................8
2.1 Mann-Kendall Test.....................................8
2.2 Mann-Whitney-Pettitt test.............................9
2.3 Deriving Groundwater Flow Equations..................10
2.4 Derivation of Richard’s equation.....................13
2.5 Derivation of Saint Venant Equation..................18
2.6 Derivation of age mass transport equation............25
Chapter3 Characteristics of Precipitation Variation......32
3.1 Detecting long-term tendency of weather data.........36
3.2 Detecting the change point of precipitation data.....37
3.3 Summary in Precipitation Analysis....................42
Chapter 4 Conceptual Model...............................43
4.1 Introduction of HydroGeoSphere.......................43
4.2 Model domain and material properties.................44
4.3 Initial Condition....................................47
4.4 Boundary Condition...................................48
4.5 Modeling scenarios...................................50
4.6 Modeling Result and Discussion.......................55
4.6.1 Water distribution.............................55
4.6.2 Groundwater residence time.....................66
Chapter 5 Conclusion and Suggestion......................69
5.1 Conclusion...........................................69
5.2 Suggestion...........................................70
Reference................................................71

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