臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文採用同步式架構與數位訊號處理器研製一套雙向並聯直流電能轉換模組，該模組採用自動主僕法並配合外迴路控制法以改善負載電流不平衡的問題，俾實現各模組間的輸出均流特性。本文利用脈波寬度調變開關模型建立均流迴路小訊號模型，據此設計類比穩壓比例-積分控制器與均流比例控制器，並利用數位再設計法將控制器轉換為數位控制的型式。由實驗結果顯示，無論在穩態、動態升載以及動態降載下，轉換器模組皆能提供穩定的電能輸出，並維持良好的均流效果。當並聯模組發生故障時，其餘正常模組仍能維持穩定的輸出並保持均流的效果，證實所採用控制法能使並聯模組具有良好的均流效果與故障容忍度。

This thesis employs a synchronous buck structure and a digital signal processor to develop paralleled bidirectional DC-DC converters using automatic master-slave current-sharing method and outer-loop regulation in order to realize current-sharing characteristics among different modules. A proportional-integral analog voltage controller and a proportional current-sharing controller are both designed using a current-sharing small-signal model which is developed by Pulse-Width-Modulation switch, and they are converted to digital controllers by using digital redesign method eventually. Experimental results show that the proposed converter modules can supply stable DC output power with good current-sharing characteristics under various stable operating conditions and different load-change conditions. Besides, the rest of the normal converter modules can supply stable power and maintain current-sharing characteristics when a fault of some of the paralleled converter modules occurs. It can be concluded from the analyzed results that the proposed paralleled bidirectional DC-DC converter modules with proper control methods can have good current-sharing characteristics and fault tolerance ability.

摘要 I
Abstract II
致謝 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 IX
符號說明 XIII
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究背景及動機 1
1-2 系統架構 2
1-3 文獻摘錄與回顧 4
1-4 本論文的貢獻 13
1-5 研究內容大綱 14
第二章 電能轉換器並聯方法 17
2-1 前言 17
2-2 電壓下降法 20
2-3 主動均流法 22
2-3-1參考訊號產生型式 22
2-3-2均流控制迴路架構 25
第三章 雙向電能轉換器之特性與分析 29
3-1 前言 29
3-2 雙向電能轉換器動作原理介紹 29
3-3 雙向電能轉換器模型建立與分析 32
3-3-1 建立小訊號模型 32
3-3-2 均流迴路小訊號模型 42
第四章 硬體與軟體設計 44
4-1 前言 44
4-2 系統規格 44
4-3 電路重要參數設計 45
4-3-1 被動元件設計 46
4-3-2穩壓控制器與均流控制器設計 48
4-4 實體電路設計 55
4-4-1 主動式開關 56
4-4-2 驅動電路與隔離保護電路 57
4-4-3 電壓回授電路 60
4-4-4 電流回授電路 61
4-5 數位訊號處理器介紹 63
4-6 dsPIC硬體I/O埠 65
4-7 以數位控制實現雙向功率模組之主動均流技術 68
4-8 以數位方式實現類比補償控制器運作 76
4-9 軟體控制流程 79
4-9-1 ADC取樣 81
4-9-2 軟啟動副程式 81
4-9-3 電流副程式 82
第五章 實測結果 85
5-1 前言 85
5-2 單一模組運作結果 86
5-2-1 降壓模式 87
5-2-2 升壓模式 91
5-3 三台並聯模組降壓模式 95
5-3-1 降壓模式實測結果 95
5-3-2 降壓模式穩態均流誤差率 100
5-3-3 降壓模式下之負載變動 105
5-4 三台並聯模組升壓模式 113
5-4-1 升壓模式實測結果 113
5-4-2 升壓模式穩態均流誤差率 118
5-4-3 升壓模式下之負載變動 123
5-5 故障狀況下模組均流能力 132
5-5-1 降壓模式故障狀況 132
5-5-2 升壓模式故障狀況 136
第六章 結論與未來研究方向 139
6-1結論 139
6-2建議與未來研究方向 140
參考文獻 142

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