臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

分享式注意力是廣泛性發展障礙孩童在日常生活中主要的徵狀之一。本研究之目的為開發分享式注意力技能學習系統(Joint Attention Skills Learning System, JASL system)搭配資料手套的應用來幫助廣泛性發展障礙孩童分享式注意力技能。本研究設計JASL系統是以第一人稱觀點方式呈現虛擬遊戲間場景，以教導廣泛性發展障礙孩童分享式注意力之指向(pointing)、展示(showing)、分享(sharing)、互動(interaction)等技能，並且以3D情境動畫、文字、語音與回饋來協助廣泛性發展障礙孩童理解分享式注意力技能情境問題，以及運用資料手套來練習分享式注意力技能，本研究藉此探討JASL系統對廣泛性發展障礙孩童的分享式注意力技能之影響與成效。本研究採用單一受試法之跨受試者多探試設計，並採用視覺分析法來分析研究結果。本研究之研究對象為三位廣泛性發展障礙孩童，經過JASL系統與資料手套學習後，廣泛性發展障礙孩童在分享式注意力技能表現良好呈現正成長，並且能與教學者進行分享式注意力互動。因此，JASL系統與資料手套的教學學習能改善與增進研究對象之分享式注意力表現。

Joint attention is core skills and an important social skill that can promote the learning in social contexts, which these skills are lack in individuals with Pervasive Development Disorder (PDD). Lack of joint attention skills leaves PDD unable to interact socially with others. Thus, this study developed the Joint Attention Skills Learning system (JASL system) and applied data glove to practice joint attention skills, and learned the fundamental concepts of the joint attention skills of pointing, showing, sharing, and interaction for children with PDD. The system was designed in playroom-scene and presented first-person perspectives for users. The JASL system employs 3D animated social events, text content, prompt instructions, voice and feedback, and uses data glove to practice joint attention skills. A multiple-probe design involving multiple participants was designed to measure the effectiveness of using the JASL system. The experimental study contains 3 months; and the result indicated that three participants exhibited improvement and showed appropriate joint attention skills. The significant potential in this particular treatment of joint attention for each participant will be discussed in details in this dissertation.

致謝 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
圖次 vi
表次 vii
第壹章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 12
第貳章 文獻探討 17
第一節 廣泛性發展障礙的分享式注意力缺陷 17
第二節 廣泛性發展障礙之教學方法 19
第三節 電腦輔助性科技應用於廣泛性發展障礙 27
第參章 系統發展 35
第一節 系統架構 35
第二節 系統開發流程與工具 38
第三節 系統設計與操作步驟 40
第肆章 研究方法 55
第一節 研究對象 55
第二節 研究設計 67
第三節 研究工具 73
第四節 實驗介入之程序與評量方法 83
第五節 資料蒐集與分析 90
第伍章 研究結果與分析 97
第一節 介入結果分析 97
第二節 JASL系統之回饋 108
第陸章 討論、結論與建議 111
第一節 研究討論 111
第二節 研究結論 133
第三節 研究建議 139
參考文獻 147
附錄一：JASL系統之遊戲間情境問題 179
附錄二：遊戲間情境問題列表 199
附錄三：分享式注意力技能口語提問觀察量表之圖卡 202
附錄四：分享式注意力技能口語提問觀察量表 203
附錄五：分享式注意力技能檢核之問卷調查表 204
附錄六：家長同意書 205
附錄七：JASL系統實驗流程腳本 206
附錄八：JASL輔助學習系統家長回饋表 207
 
圖次
圖3-1：系統架構圖 37
圖3-2：JASL系統流程圖 39
圖3-3：遊戲間情境畫面 45
圖3-4：是非題情境問題 46
圖3-5：選擇題情境問題 46
圖3-6：3D鼓掌動畫的回饋 47
圖3-7：系統針對選擇正確的答案給予回饋 47
圖3-8：系統針對選擇錯誤給予回饋 48
圖3-9：系統操作步驟圖 49
圖3-10系統提示使用方向鍵操作 53
圖3-11：資料手套操作之情境畫面 54
圖4-1：研究架構圖 67
圖4-2：教學之研究所室內擺設圖 72
圖4-3：數位攝影機 74
圖4-4：投影屏幕 75
圖4-5：投影機 76
圖4-6：資料手套 77
圖4-7： Flock of Birds單位結構組成圖 78
圖5-1：各受試者基線期、介入期與維持期分數分布 98
 
表次
表4-1：三位研究對象之基本資料表 58
表4-2: 三位研究對象之分享式注意力技能檢核之問卷調查表 66
表4-3：口語提問觀察量表之行為向度及對應細項 82
表4-4：施測時間與蒐集的資料點數 85
表4-5：JASL系統介入活動程序 89
表4-6：評分者間信度考驗 95
表5-1：受試者於各階段之視覺分析結果摘要表 100
表5-2：受試者在相鄰階段間變化的視覺分析結果 105

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