臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文針對串聯電池組提出以降壓型轉換器為基礎之雙輸出均勻充電電路，利用其輸出功率可控制之特點，於電池充電過程即針對電池充電狀態進行充電電壓電流的控制，此種方式可降低元件使用數量。此外，為簡化控制電路之複雜度與可彈性調整輸出特性，本文使用微控制器作為核心，對電池電壓與電池電流進行回授控制，以期達到不同充電電壓與充電電流之輸出特性。
本文針對所提之電路進行電路動作原理與工作模式說明，並實際研製一155 V輸入之均勻充電電路，大約4小時可將電池充飽。最後以定電流定電壓充電法與由鉛酸電池(12 V, 12 Ah)與鋰鐵電池(12 V, 10 Ah)串聯之電池組作為實驗對象，以實驗結果驗證此均勻充電電路之可行性。

A double-output charge equalization converter based on buck converter is proposed, using the characteristics of controlled output power, the charging voltage and current are controlled according to the states of battery, it can reduce the number of devices. In addition, to simplify the complexity of the control circuit and increase the flexibility to adjust the output characteristics, the micro-controller is used to control the charging voltage and current according to the feedback of battery voltage and current.
The operation principle of the proposed circuit is illustrated, and a charge equalization converter is implemented with 155 V input, the charge time is about four hours. Finally, the constant current constant voltage method and two kinds of series-connected batteries composed of two lead-acid batteries(12 V, 12 Ah) and two Li-iron batteries (12 V, 10 Ah) are adopted to verify the possibility of the proposed charge equalization circuit.

目錄
中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
謝誌 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 3
1.3 論文大綱 4
第二章 電池簡介與均充電路探討 5
2.1電池簡介 5
2.2電池充電策略探討 10
2.3 均勻充電電路探討 15
第三章 新型均勻充電電路設計 21
3.1 電路架構與操作原理 21
3.2 電路分析 24
第四章 控制電路與微控制器程式規劃 35
4.1 控制電路 36
4.2 微控制器程式規劃設計 41
第五章 實驗量測 46
5.1 電路參數設計 46
5.2 實驗量測 48
第六章 結論與未來研究方向 63
6.1 結論 63
6.2 未來研究方向 64
參考文獻 65




圖目錄
圖2.1 電池單體結構示意圖 5
圖2.2 鉛酸電池內部反應與反應電位關係圖 7
圖2.3 充電電壓與壽命關係圖 8
圖2.4 磷酸鋰鐵電池結構示意圖 9
圖2.5 定電流充電電壓電流曲線 11
圖2.6 定電壓充電電壓電流曲線 11
圖2.7 定電流定電壓充電電壓電流曲線 11
圖2.8 充電時正負極板之離子分布示意圖 13
圖2.9 以脈衝充電法充電之電流曲線 13
圖2.10 以Reflex充電法充電之電流曲線 14
圖2.11 消耗型均充架構 15
圖2.12 電容切換型均充架構 16
圖2.13 電感切換型均充架構 17
圖2.14 電感模組化均充架構 18
圖2.15 多繞阻變壓器均充架構 19
圖3.1 均勻充電電路 22
圖3.2 充電主電路 22
圖3.3 均勻充電之電路 23
圖3.4電池均充電路之操作模式 24
圖3.5 串聯電池充電電壓電流曲線 25
圖3.6 雙CC模式下之元件波形圖 26
圖3.7 雙CC模式下之等效電路圖 27
圖3.8 混CC-CV模式下d1 > d2之元件波形圖 29
圖3.9 混CC-CV模式下d1 > d2之等效電路圖 30
圖3.10 混CC-CV模式下d1 < d2之元件波形圖 32
圖3.11 混CC-CV模式下d1 < d2之等效電路圖 33
圖4.1 均勻充電電路與回授節點示意圖 35
圖4.2 電壓偵測回授電路 37
圖4.3 電池端電壓VBn與VAN之關係 38
圖4.4 電流偵測回授電路 39
圖4.5 本文採用之TLP250驅動電路 40
圖4.6 類比與數位轉換副程式流程圖 42
圖4.7 主程式流程圖 43
圖4.8 定電流副程式流程圖 44
圖4.9 均充副程式B1 (VB1>VB2) 45
圖5.1 雙CC模式之電壓電流波形圖 49
圖5.2 開關Q1搭配Q2之電壓電流波形-1 49
圖5.3 開關Q1搭配Q2之電壓電流波形-2 50
圖5.4 開關Q1搭配Q3之電壓電流波形-1 51
圖5.5 開關Q1搭配Q3之電壓電流波形-2 51
圖5.6 雙CC模式之電壓電流波形圖 52
圖5.7 混CC-CV模式之電壓電流波形圖-1 53
圖5.8 混CC-CV模式之電壓電流波形圖-2 54
圖5.9 雙CV充電模式之電壓電流波形圖 55
圖5.10 無均充之串聯電池組充電曲線 56
圖5.11 無均充之串聯電池組個別放電曲線 56
圖5.12 使用均充電路之電池充電電壓電流曲線 57
圖5.13 使用均充電路之電池放電電壓曲線 58
圖5.14 未使用均充電路充電之鋰鐵電池串充電壓電流曲線 59
圖5.15 未使用均充電路充電之鋰鐵電池串放電壓曲線 60
圖5.16 使用均充電路充電之鋰鐵電池串充電壓電流曲線 61
圖5.17 使用均充電路充電之鋰鐵電池串放電壓曲線 61
圖5.18 本文之電路實體圖 62


表目錄
表2.1 均充架構比較表 20
表5.1 電路參數 47
表5.2 有無均充架構之鉛酸電池充放電效率表 58
表5.3 有無均充架構之鋰鐵電池充放電效率表 62

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