臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要探討以染料污染物處理回收再利用之前提下，以選自臺灣本土篩選之污染物處理微生物生產聚羥基酯類為研究目標。首先以不同地區所篩選出之不同菌屬之污染物處理微生物以蘇丹黑染色法作為初步篩選，並以月桂酸作為可行性刺激碳源進行批次發酵培養，就菌體生長與聚羥基丁酸酯產量之高低來評估其最適化碳源濃度。發現Aeromonas hydrophila NIU01於提供10 g L-1的碳源濃度下可產生36.02 wt%含量之PHB，並由此深入研究探討以不同染料(RR141、RBu160、RBk5、OⅠ、OⅡ)與模式芳香胺中間物(2AP、3AP、4AP、3ABA、A2SA)來模擬微生物於含污染物之條件下發酵培養生產PHB之影響，發現A. hydrophila NIU01隨著RR141染料濃度增加(200-1000 mg L-1)時，其PHB含量並未有顯著降低之趨勢。且於相同染料濃度(200 mg L-1)條件比較不同染料之影響，以在RR141染料下之PHB含量為最高(34.54 wt%)，並藉由生物統計學標準常態偏差(Z scores)分析後推論微生物在添加染料作為環境背景培養下，其PHB生產能力可能與微生物本身所篩選出具脫色優勢之染料有正相關性。同時為評估A. hydrophila NIU01利用實際工業廢水生產PHB之「搖籃到搖籃」綠色永續設計理念的可行性，先以研究用之RR141染料脫色原廢液模擬廢水與基礎MR培養液，依等比例(v/v)配製作為培養液進行微生物毒性分析及分析其PHB生產能力，發現A. hydrophila NIU01以RR141染料脫色原廢液完全取代基礎MR培養液時，發現具有刺激提高PHB含量(52.52 wt%)之效果。另一方面為探討利用A. hydrophila NIU01於工業化生產生物可分解塑膠之可行性，因此以椰子油作為可行性刺激碳源，進行發酵槽規模放大之批次發酵培養，發現於312小時之培養下，其微生物乾菌重、PHB含量與濃度可高達7.31 g L-1、49.63 wt%與3.63 g L-1。而本研究同時亦取定具多種污染物處理能力之蚯蚓，運用兩種相互平行之篩選策略與馴養模式，由其腔腸中篩選出具功能性之新型染料污染物處理微生物EPMG01、EPMG02、EPMG03、ESB01及ESB03，並與先前由自然環境中之水土樣所篩選而得之本土染料污染物處理微生物進行其染料脫色能力以及PHB生產能力之比較，藉此評估污染物處理微生物應用於污染物處理與廢棄物回收再利用，以進行實際工業化生產具環境友善性的生物可分解塑膠材料之可行性研究。

Considering eco-friendliness of recycling and reuses of biomaterials for sustainable development, this first-attempt study used indigenous pollutant degrading bacteria for the production of biodegradable polymers polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) during wastewater treatment. First, the candidate strains of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) production were inspected among isolated pollutant-degrading microbes via Sudan black B staining (SB staining). Next, according to batch cultures using lauric acid (C12) as the sole carbon source for PHB production, the promising PHB-generating strains were obtained via comparative analysis upon the characteristics of cell growth and/or PHB production. Our findings indicated that Aeromonas hydrophila NIU01 cultured at 10 g L-1 lauric acid-supplemented medium could generate intracellular PHB content at ca. 36.02 wt%. At optimal concentration of lauric acid, cultures containing dyes or amines at different concentrations were conducted to simulate of microbial production PHB in parallel with dye decolorization. Here, our finding indicated that strains NIU01 could significantly tolerate dye pollutant(s) and aromatic amines for cell growth and PHB-production, suggesting promising feasibility to be used for simultaneous PHB production and wastewater decolorization. In addition, dye-decolorized wastewaters (WWs) were used as carbon source for batch cultivation. With CO2 respirometer analysis, inhibitory effects of WW on microbial growth and PHAs-generating capabilities were disclosed to reveal the feasibility of materials recycling and reuses during WW treatment. Follow-up studies also inspected the economic-viability of using various industrial WWs for PHAs production for practical industrial applications. This study also isolated functioning microorganisms from guts of indigenous earthworm Eisenia fetida for production of green biopolymer materials and explored the feasibility of simultaneous dye-bearing wastewater treatment and production of biodegradable polymer PHAs. After serial acclimation to evolve most stable microbial decolorizes, lauric acid-bearing batch cultures of these consortia were conducted in nutrient-limiting conditions to evaluate efficiencies of PHB production. These strains were found to be EPMG01, EPMG02, EPMG03, ESB01 and ESB03, indicating the promising feasibility of simultaneous generation of biopolymer PHAs and industrial dye-wastewater treatment.

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 IX
表目錄 IX
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 9
1.3 研究架構 11
第二章 文獻探討與回顧 13
2.1 本土污染物處理微生物 13
2.1.1 本土污染物處理微生物來源 13
2.1.2 本土污染物處理微生物簡介 15
2.1.3 蚯蚓腔腸微生物簡介 20
2.2 「搖籃到搖籃」設計─廢棄物處理回收再利用理念 23
2.3 染整廢水 25
2.3.1 合成染料 25
2.3.2 染整廢水之污染情形 34
2.3.3 染整工業廢水及其他工業廢水之排放標準 35
2.3.4 染整廢水之處理技術 36
2.4 微生物應用於染料脫色 40
2.4.1 微生物染料脫色 40
2.4.2 微生物染料脫色機制 42
2.4.3 微生物染料脫色影響因素 45
2.5 生物可分解性塑膠 53
2.5.1 生物可分解性塑膠/可分解塑膠之微生物 53
2.5.2 聚羥基酯類(Polyhydroxyalkanoates, PHAs) 58
2.5.3 PHAs材料特性 65
2.5.4 PHAs分析方法 67
2.5.5 PHAs萃取純化技術 69
2.5.6 PHAs工業化發展與產品應用 75
2.5.7 微生物處理污染物生產PHAs之概況 79
2.6 蚯蚓腔腸生物應用於污染處理 83
2.6.1 蚯蚓 83
2.6.2 蚯蚓腔腸微生物 86
2.6.3 蚯蚓腔腸微生物應用於污染物處理之現況及願景 94
第三章 材料與方法 96
3.1 實驗藥品 96
3.2 儀器設備與實驗器材 99
3.3 微生物培養 101
3.4 染料及模式芳香胺中間物 101
3.5 培養基質 105
3.6 微量元素 106
3.7 Sudan Black B 染色法 107
3.8 搖瓶發酵培養 108
3.9 發酵槽操作 108
3.9.1 批次發酵 108
3.9.2 兩階段批次發酵 109
3.10 氣相層析儀(Gas Chromatograph, GC)定量PHB 109
3.10.1 樣品前處理 109
3.10.2 氣相層析儀條件設定 110
3.10.3 PHB檢量線與含量及濃度之計算方法 111
3.11 標準常態偏差(standard normal deviate) (Z scores) 112
3.12 SDS-次氯酸鈉萃取法 (SDS-NaClO Extraction) 113
3.13 紅外線光譜(Infrared Spectroscopy)分析法 113
3.14 廢液回收再利用 113
3.14.1 脫色廢液 113
3.14.2 水質分析檢測方法 114
3.14.3 生物呼吸儀 (Micro-Oxymax respirometer) 117
3.15 蚯蚓腔腸之微生物篩選 119
3.15.1 篩選培養液與碳源 119
3.15.2 濾紙法 (Filter Paper Method) 120
3.15.3 試管脫色測試 121
3.15.4 脫色連續馴養 121
3.15.5 染料脫色量測與計算方法 122
3.15.6 PHB限制營養源連續馴養 122
3.15.7 微生物分離純化 123
3.15.8 蛋白質電泳(Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) 123
3.15.9 菌種鑑定 125
3.15.10 微生物脫色能力 126
3.15.11 微生物生產PHB能力 126
第四章 結果與討論 127
4.1 篩選具可生產PHB之本土性污染物處理微生物 127
4.1.1 定性分析 127
4.1.2 定量分析 128
4.2 微生物於污染環境條件下對PHB生產之影響 131
4.2.1 提供不同碳源濃度 131
4.2.2 微生物添加RR141染料作為培養條件生產PHB 132
4.2.3 微生物添加其他染料作為培養條件生產PHB 135
4.2.4 微生物添加不同種類之模式芳香胺中間物作為培養條件生產PHB 137
4.3 發酵槽生產PHB之影響 141
4.3.1 最佳碳氮比 141
4.3.2 批次發酵 145
4.4 廢水處理再利用 147
4.4.1 脫色廢液之毒性分析 147
4.4.2 脫色廢液之發酵生產PHB 151
4.4.3 其他工業廢水 155
4.5 蚯蚓腔腸菌相分析 159
4.5.1 試管脫色測試 159
4.5.2 微生物脫色能力馴養 163
4.5.3 微生物限制營養源馴養 166
4.5.4 染料污染物處理微生物之分離純化 169
4.5.5 具PHB生產能力之微生物分離純化 171
4.5.6 蛋白質電泳初步分析(SDS-PAGE) 173
4.5.7 蚯蚓腔腸微生物菌種鑑定 175
4.5.8 蚯蚓腔腸微生物之染料脫色能力 179
4.5.9 蚯蚓腔腸微生物之PHB生產能力 181
第五章 結論及未來展望 184
第六章 參考文獻 186
附錄一 染料檢量線 214
附錄二 PHB檢量線 220
附錄三 污染物處理微生物利用不同碳源發酵生產PHB之影響 221
附錄四 污染物處理微生物生產PHB之定量分析層析圖 222
附錄五 PHAs萃取純化 225
附錄六 藥品級椰子油之分析證明文件(CoA) 227
附錄七 污染物處理微生物添加其它培養基的生長情形及PHB產量之影響 228
附錄八 兩階段式(Two-stage)發酵策略應用之評估 229
附錄九 微生物進行染料還原脫色與生產PHB之定性關係 230
附錄十 污染物處理微生物A. hydrophila NIU01於不同RR141染料脫色廢液比例下所釋放二氧化碳累積量與乾菌重之線性關係 239
附錄十一 工業廢水水質檢驗報告書 240
自述 242
著作發表 242

Danner, J. (2011). Everything Comes from Oil, Everything. Retrieved from Chapelboro Web site:
http://www.chapelboro.com/Everything-Comes-from-Oil--Everything/9686450?pid=69459&archive=1
Global Information, Inc. (2010). Degradable Plastic (US industry forecasts for 2014 & 2019). Retrieved from Global
Information, Inc. Press release Web site:
http://www.giichinese.com.tw/press/fd124255.shtml
Sea Education Association. (2010). Plastics at SEA: North Atlantic Expedition. Retrieved from Sea Education Association Web site: http://www.sea.edu/plastics/index.htm
卜一 (2008)。石油工業是從哪裡開始的。歷史月刊，248，4-7。
人民網 (2006)。75億條蚯蚓吞下3萬噸廢物。取自人民網網址
http://env.people.com.cn/BIG5/4604609.html。
中央社 (2010)。台州借蚯蚓莧菜救工業污染土地。取自Yahoo!奇摩新聞網址 http://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B7%9E%E5%80%9F%E8%9A%AF%E8%9A%93%E8%8E%A7%E8%8F%9C%E6%95%91%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0.html。
中華民國行政院主計處統計資訊網 (2011)。中華民國行業標準分類系統。取自中華民國統計資訊網址
http://www.stat.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=5008&ctNode=1528。
中華民國監察院 (2010)。資訊廢棄物減量、處理與再利用專案調查研究報告。臺北市：監察院。
中華民國國家標準CNS 14432-2 (2010)。塑膠材料在控制堆肥環境下最終好氧生物分解度測定法─二氧化碳釋出量分析法。取自中華民國國家標準檢索系統網址
http://www.cnsonline.com.tw/。
中華民國經濟部工業局產業製程清潔生產與綠色技術提升計畫 (2009)。行業製程減廢及污染防治技術－印染整理業介紹。取自中華民國經濟部工業局產業製程清潔生
產與綠色技術資訊網址
http://proj.moeaidb.gov.tw/eta/tech/techKnow.asp?HnfiystJa34F。
中華民國行政院衛生署疾病管制局 (2009)。臨床微生物電顯圖譜。臺北市：衛生署疾管局出版圖書
中華民國行政院環境保護署區域性環保新聞 (2006)。環保無假期，勿偷排廢水—夜查染整廠，環保署開罰。取自中華民國行政院環境保護署網址
http://www.epa.gov.tw/ch/aioshow.aspx?busin=331&path=13244&guid=509e64c5-d91c-454f-8988-b19a1bcef968&lang=zh-tw。
中華民國行政院經濟建設委員會 (2004)。臺灣21世紀議程國家永續發展願景與策略綱領。取自中華民國行政院研究發展考核委員會網址
http://www.rdec.gov.tw/public/Attachment/71171538371.pdf。
中華民國行政院農業委員會畜產試驗所 (2003)。我國微生物遺傳資源管理相關法規。取自中華民國行政院農業委員會畜產試驗所資訊網址
http://www.angrin.tlri.gov.tw/bioinform/micro.htm。
中華民國國家標準CNS 14433 (2000)。塑膠材料在水溶性培養基中最終好氣生物分解度測定法─密閉呼吸計之需氧量分析法。取自中華民國國家標準檢索系統網址
http://www.cnsonline.com.tw/。
中華民國行政院環保署廢棄物管理處、美國飼料穀物協會 (1997)。環保的明日之星─生物可分解塑膠。臺北市：行政院環境保護署出版刊物。
中國21世紀議程管理中心 (譯) (2008)。從搖籃到搖籃─綠色經濟的設計提案。臺北縣：野人文化。(McDonough, W., ＆ Braungart, M., 2002)
王裕民 (2011)。本土染料脫色菌株同時脫色與產電之可行性評估。國立宜蘭大學化學工程與材料工程學系碩士論文。宜蘭縣：國立宜蘭大學。
李公哲 (1982)。漫談水污染。科學月刊，151，取自科學月刊全文資料庫網址
http://campus2.chgsh.chc.edu.tw/science/content/1982/00070151/0002.htm。
邱志誠 (2011)。利用工業製程廢水生產聚羥基烷酸之效能評估。元智大學生物科技與工程研究所碩士論文。桃園縣：元智大學。
財團法人中國技術服務社工業污染防治技術服務團 (1994)。染整業水污染防治技術。臺北市：經濟部工業局。
陳士賢 (2009)。以微生物及蚯蚓發展石化污染土壤之環境復育技術。臺北市：行政院環境保護署研究計畫EPA-97-U1G1-02-103期末報告。
陳國強、羅容聰、徐軍、吳瓊 (2008)。聚羥基烷脂肪酸酯生態產業鏈─生產與應用技術指南。北京：化學工業出版社。
國立臺灣大學動物學研究所無脊椎動物研究室 (2011)。臺灣蚯蚓資料庫。取自國立臺灣大學網址http://earthworm.zo.ntu.edu.tw/earthworm/index.htm。
綠色和平 (2011)。時尚之毒2：毒隱於衣─全球品牌服飾的有毒有害物質殘留調查報告。取自綠色和平網址
http://www.greenpeace.org/taiwan/zh/news/publication/detox/2011/fashion_toxic_report/
閩潔 (2009)。臺灣染整業的危機與轉機。臺北市：經濟部技術處ITIS智網產業評析計畫成果報告書。
獨立報 (2008)。百毒不侵─英國發現吃金屬的超級蚯蚓。取自北方網網址
http://tech.enorth.com.cn/system/2008/09/16/003682761.shtml。
劉育呈 (2011)。臺灣紡織產業與國際知名牌商附加價值之分析。取自經濟部技術處ITIS智網網址
http://www.itis.org.tw/BookView.do?rptidno=564568908
聯合報 (2011)。桃園縣佈「天羅地網」全天監測水質。取自聯合新聞網址
http://udn.com/NEWS/DOMESTIC/DOM3/6574994.shtml。
蕭志強 (譯) (2006)。圖解生物可分解塑膠。臺北縣：世茂。(日本生物可分解塑膠研究會)
顏嘉儀 (2010)。嗜水氣單胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)於染料廢水工程處理之應用研究。國立宜蘭大學化學工程與材料工程學系碩士論文。宜蘭縣：國立宜蘭大學。
羅濟威 (2009)。菌產聚羥基烷酸之分離純化策略之研究。元智大學化學工程與材料科學學系博士論文。桃園縣：元智大學。
Addison, S.L., Foote, S.M., Reid, N.M., Lloyd-Jones, G. 2007. Novosphingobium nitrogenifigens sp. nov., a polyhydroxyalkanoate-accumulating diazotroph isolated from a New Zealand pulp and paper wastewater. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 57(11), 2467-2471.
Akar, A., Akkaya, E.U., Yesiladali, S.K., Çelikyilmaz, G., Çokgor, E.U., Tamerler, C., Orhon, D., Çakar, Z.P. 2005. Accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoates by Microlunatus phosphovorus under various growth conditions. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 33(3), 215-220.
Alaton, I.A., Balcioglu, I.A., Bahnemann, D.W. 2002. Advanced oxidation of a reactive dyebath effluent: comparison of O3, H2O2/UV-C and TiO2/UV-A processes. Water Research, 36(5), 1143-1154.
Albuquerque, M.G.E., Lopes, A.T., Serralheiro, M.L., Novais, J.M., Pinheiro, H.M. 2005. Biological sulphate reduction and redox mediator effects on azo dye decolourisation in anaerobic–aerobic sequencing batch reactors. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 36(5-6), 790-799.
An, Y.J., Lee, W.M. 2008. Comparative and combined toxicities of toluene and methyl tert-butyl ether to an Asian earthworm Perionyx excavatus. Chemosphere, 71(3), 407-411.
Anderson, A.J., Dawes, E.A. 1990. Occurrence, metabolism, metabolic role, and industrial uses of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., 54(4), 450-472.
Anderson, G.L., Williams, J., Hille, R. 1992. The purification and characterization of arsenite oxidase from Alcaligenes faecalis, a molybdenum-containing hydroxylase. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 267(33), 23674-82.
Angelova, B., Avramova, T., Stefanova, L., Mutafov, S. 2008. Temperature effect on bacterial azo bond reduction kinetics: an Arrhenius plot analysis. Biodegradation, 19(3), 387-393.
Anjaneyulu, Y., Sreedhara Chary, N., Samuel Suman Raj, D. 2005. Decolourization of Industrial Effluents – Available Methods and Emerging Technologies – A Review. Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology, 4(4), 245-273.
Arifin, Y., Sabri, S., Sugiarto, H., Krömer, J.O., Vickers, C.E., Nielsen, L.K. 2010. Deletion of cscR in Escherichia coli W improves growth and poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) production from sucrose in fed batch culture. Journal of Biotechnology, 156(4), 275-278.
Bahl, K.N. 1947. Excretion in the oligochaeta. Biological Reviews, 22(2), 109-147.
Beg, Q.K., Gupta, R. 2003. Purification and characterization of an oxidation-stable, thiol-dependent serine alkaline protease from Bacillus mojavensis. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 32(2), 294-304.
Benndorf, D., Babel, W. 2002. Assimilatory detoxification of herbicides by Delftia acidovorans MC1: induction of two chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenases as a response to chemostress. Microbiology, 148(9), 2883-2888.
Benndorf, D., Davidson, I., Babel, W. 2004. Regulation of catabolic enzymes during long-term exposure of Delftia acidovorans MC1 to chlorophenoxy herbicides. Microbiology, 150(4), 1005-1014.
Bhatt, N., Patel, K.C., Keharia, H., Madamwar, D. 2005. Decolorization of diazo-dye Reactive Blue 172 by Pseudomonas aeruginosa NBAR12. Journal of Basic Microbiology, 45(6), 407-418.
Boer, D.R., Muller, A., Fetzner, S., Lowe, D.J., Romao, M.J. 2005. On the purification and preliminary crystallographic analysis of isoquinoline 1-oxidoreductase from Brevundimonas diminuta 7. Acta Crystallographica Section F, 61(1), 137-140.
Boldt, Y.R., Sadowsky, M.J., Ellis, L.B., Que Jr, L., Wackett, L.P. 1995. A manganese-dependent dioxygenase from Arthrobacter globiformis CM-2 belongs to the major extradiol dioxygenase family. J. Bacteriol., 177(5), 1225-1232.
Bonatto, D., Matias, F., Lisbôa, M.P., Bogdawa, H.M., Henriques, J.A.P. 2004. Production of short side chain-poly[hydroxyalkanoate] by a newly isolated Ralstonia Pickettii Strain. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 20(4), 395-403.
Borovok, I., Kreisberg-Zakarin, R., Yanko, M., Schreiber, R., Myslovati, M., Aslund, F., Holmgren, A., Cohen, G., Aharonowitz, Y. 2002. Streptomyces spp. contain class Ia and class II ribonucleotide reductases: expression analysis of the genes in vegetative growth. Microbiology, 148(2), 391-404.
Bueno, B.Y.M., Torem, M.L., Molina, F., de Mesquita, L.M.S. 2008. Biosorption of lead(II), chromium(III) and copper(II) by R. opacus: Equilibrium and kinetic studies. Minerals Engineering, 21(1), 65-75.
Burdon, K.L. 1946. Fatty material in bacteria and fungi revealed by staining dried, fixed Slide preparations. Journal of Bacteriology, 52(6), 665-78.
Burgos, M.G., Winters, C., Stürzenbaum, S.R., Randerson, P.F., Kille, P., Morgan, A.J. 2005. Cu and Cd Effects on the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus in the laboratory:  Multivariate statistical analysis of relationships between exposure, biomarkers, and ecologically relevant parameters. Environmental Science & Technology, 39(6), 1757-1763.
Byzov, B.A., Khomyakov, N.V., Kharin, S.A., Kurakov, A.V. 2007. Fate of soil bacteria and fungi in the gut of earthworms. European Journal of Soil Biology, 43, Supplement 1, S149-S156.
Cáceres, T.P., Megharaj, M., Malik, S., Beer, M., Naidu, R. 2009. Hydrolysis of fenamiphos and its toxic oxidation products by Microbacterium sp. in pure culture and groundwater. Bioresource Technology, 100(10), 2732-2736.
Ceyhan, N., Ozdemir, G. 2011. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production from domestic wastewater using Enterobacter aerogenes 12Bi strain. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 5(6), 690-702.
Cha, J., Park, N.H., Yang, S.J., Lee, T.H. 2001. Molecular and enzymatic characterization of a levan fructotransferase from Microbacterium sp. AL-210. Journal of Biotechnology, 91(1), 49-61.
Chang, J.S., Chou, C., Chen, S.Y. 2001a. Decolorization of azo dyes with immobilized Pseudomonas luteola. Process Biochemistry, 36(8-9), 757-763.
Chang, J.S., Chou, C., Lin, Y.C., Lin, P.J., Ho, J.Y., Hu, T.L. 2001b. Kinetic characteristics of bacterial azo-dye decolorization by Pseudomonas luteola. Water Research, 35(12), 2841-2850.
Chang, J.S., Kuo, T.S., Chao, Y.P., Ho, J.Y., Lin, P.J. 2000. Azo dye decolorization with a mutant Escherichia coli strain. Biotechnology Letters, 22(9), 807-812.
Chang, J.S., Lin, Y.C. 2000. Fed-batch bioreactor strategies for microbial decolorization of azo dye using a Pseudomonas luteola strain. Biotechnology Progress, 16(6), 979-985.
Chanprateep, S., Buasri, K., Muangwong, A., Utiswannakul, P. 2010. Biosynthesis and biocompatibility of biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate). Polymer Degradation and Stability, 95(10), 2003-2012.
Chen, B.Y. 2006. Toxicity assessment of aromatic amines to Pseudomonas luteola: Chemostat pulse technique and dose–response analysis. Process Biochemistry, 41(7), 1529-1538.
Chen, B.Y., Chen, S.Y., Chang, J.S. 2005. Immobilized cell fixed-bed bioreactor for wastewater decolorization. Process Biochemistry, 40(11), 3434-3440.
Chen, B.Y., Chen, W.M., Wu, F.L., Chen, P.K., Yen, C.Y. 2008a. Revealing azo-dye decolorization of indigenous Aeromonas hydrophila from fountain spring in Northeast Taiwan. Journal of the Chinese Institute of Chemical Engineers, 39(5), 495-501.
Chen, B.Y., Chen, W.M., Yang, C.C., Li, W.D., Kuo, H.Y. 2008b. Characterization of Aeromonas hydrophila and Acinetobacter strains isolated from Northeast Taiwan for degradation of aromatic compounds. Journal of Biotechnology, 136(Supplement 1), S700-S700.
Chen, B.Y., Lin, K.W., Wang, Y.M., Yen, C.Y. 2009a. Revealing interactive toxicity of aromatic amines to azo dye decolorizer Aeromonas hydrophila. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 166(1), 187-194.
Chen, B.Y., Shiau, T.J., Wei, Y.H., Chen, W.M. 2011. Feasibility study on polyhydroxybutyrate production of dye-decolorizing bacteria using dye and amine-bearing cultures. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, in press.
Chen, B.Y., Wang, M.Y., Lu, W.B., Chang, J.S. 2007. Use of active consortia of constructed ternary bacterial cultures via mixture design for azo-dye decolorization enhancement. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 145(3), 404-409.
Chen, B.Y., Yen, C.Y., Chen, W.M., Chang, C.T., Wang, C.T., Hu, Y.C. 2009b. Exploring threshold operation criteria of biostimulation for azo dye decolorization using immobilized cell systems. Bioresource Technology, 100(23), 5763-5770.
Chen, B.Y., Yen, C.Y., Hsueh, C.C. 2009c. Cost-effective biostimulation strategy for wastewater decolorization using immobilized-cell systems. Bioresource Technology, 100(12), 2975-2981.
Chen, B.Y., Zhang, M.M., Chang, C.T., Ding, Y., Lin, K.L., Chiou, C.S., Hsueh, C.C., Xu, H. 2010. Assessment upon azo dye decolorization and bioelectricity generation by Proteus hauseri. Bioresource Technology, 101(12), 4737-4741.
Chen, B.Y. 2002. Understanding decolorization characteristics of reactive azo dyes by Pseudomonas luteola: toxicity and kinetics. Process Biochemistry, 38(3), 437-446.
Chen, G.Q. 2010. Industrial Production of PHA. Microbiology Monographs, 14, 121-132.
Chen, G.Q., Zhang, G., Park, S.J., Lee, S.Y. 2001. Industrial scale production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate). Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 57(1), 50-55.
Chen, H., Wang, R.F., Cerniglia, C.E. 2004. Molecular cloning, overexpression, purification, and characterization of an aerobic FMN-dependent azoreductase from Enterococcus faecalis. Protein Expression and Purification, 34(2), 302-310.
Chen, K.C., Wu, J.Y., Liou, D.J., Hwang, S.C.J. 2003. Decolorization of the textile dyes by newly isolated bacterial strains. Journal of Biotechnology, 101(1), 57-68.
Chiang, C., Bennett, R.E. 1967. Purification and Properties of Penicillin Amidase from Bacillus megaterium. J. Bacteriol., 93(1), 302-308.
Cho, I.H., Choi, E.S., Lim, H.G., Lee, H.H. 2004. Purification and characterization of six fibrinolytic serine-proteases from earthworm Lumbricus rubellus. Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 37, 199-205.
Chou, J.H., Chen, W.M., Arun, A.B., Young, C.C. 2007. Trabulsiella odontotermitis sp. nov., isolated from the gut of the termite Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 57(4), 696-700.
Combes, R.D., Haveland-Smith, R.B. 1982. A review of the genotoxicity of food, drug and cosmetic colours and other azo, triphenylmethane and xanthene dyes. Mutation Research/Reviews in Genetic Toxicology, 98(2), 101-243.
Daintith, J. 2004. Oxford dictionary of computing. 5th ed. Oxford University Press, Oxford ; New York.
Dalby, P.R., Baker, G.H., Smith, S.E. 1996. “Filter paper method” to remove soil from earthworm intestines and to standardise the water content of earthworm tissue. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 28(4-5), 685-687.
Daneshvar, N., Ayazloo, M., Khataee, A.R., Pourhassan, M. 2007. Biological decolorization of dye solution containing Malachite Green by microalgae Cosmarium sp. Bioresource Technology, 98(6), 1176-1182.
Dawes, E.A., Senior, P.J. 1973. The role and regulation of energy reserve polymers in micro-organisms. Advances in microbial physiology, 10, 135-266.
de Aragão Umbuzeiro, G., Freeman, H.S., Warren, S.H., de Oliveira, D.P., Terao, Y., Watanabe, T., Claxton, L.D. 2005. The contribution of azo dyes to the mutagenic activity of the Cristais River. Chemosphere, 60(1), 55-64.
de Smet, M.J., Eggink, G., Witholt, B., Kingma, J., Wynberg, H. 1983. Characterization of intracellular inclusions formed by Pseudomonas oleovorans during growth on octane. Journal of Bacteriology, 154(2), 870-878.
Deng, D., Guo, J., Zeng, G., Sun, G. 2008. Decolorization of anthraquinone, triphenylmethane and azo dyes by a new isolated Bacillus cereus strain DC11. International Biodeterioration Biodegradation, 62(3), 263-269.
Denger, K., Weinitschke, S., Smits, T.H.M., Schleheck, D., Cook, A.M. 2008. Bacterial sulfite dehydrogenases in organotrophic metabolism: separation and identification in Cupriavidus necator H16 and in Delftia acidovorans SPH-1. Microbiology, 154(1), 256-263.
Diard, S., Carlier, J.P., Ageron, E., Grimont, P.A.D., Langlois, V., Guérin, P., Bouvet, O.M.M. 2002. Accumulation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) from octanoate in different Pseudomonas belonging to the rRNA homology group I. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 25(2), 183-188.
Dierick, N.A., Decuypere, J.A., Molly, K., Beek, E.V., Vanderbeke, E. 2002. The combined use of triacylglycerols (TAGs) containing medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and exogenous lipolytic enzymes as an alternative to nutritional antibiotics in piglet nutrition: II. In vivo release of MCFAs in gastric cannulated and slaughtered piglets by endogenous and exogenous lipases; effects on the luminal gut flora and growth performance. Livestock Production Science, 76(1-2), 1-16.
Divyashree, M.S., Shamala, T.R. 2009. Effect of gamma irradiation on cell lysis and polyhydroxyalkanoate produced by Bacillus flexus. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 78(2), 147-152.
Doi, Y., Kasuya, K.I., Abe, H., Koyama, N., Shin-ichi, I., Koichi, T., Yoshida, Y. 1996. Evaluation of biodegradabilities of biosynthetic and chemosynthetic polyesters in river water. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 51(3), 281-286.
Doi, Y., Kitamura, S., Abe, H. 1995. Microbial synthesis and characterization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate). Macromolecules, 28(14), 4822-4828.
Dong, Z., Sun, X. 2000. A new method of recovering polyhydroxyalkanoate from Azotobacter chroococcum. Chinese Science Bulletin, 45(3), 252-256.
Dorn, P.B., Vipond, T.E., Salanitro, J.P., Wisniewski, H.L. 1998. Assessment of the acute toxicity of crude oils in soils using earthworms, microtox®, and plants. Chemosphere, 37(5), 845-860.
Doronina, N.V., Ezhov, V.A., Trotsenko, Y.A. 2008. Growth of Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b on methane and poly-β-hydroxybutyrate biosynthesis. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 44(2), 182-185.
Dunn, N.W., Gunsalus, I.C. 1973. Transmissible plasmid coding early enzymes of naphthalene oxidation in Pseudomonas putida. J. Bacteriol., 114(3), 974-979.
Eijsackers, H., Van Gestel, C.A.M., De Jonge, S., Muijs, B., Slijkerman, D. 2001. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-polluted dredged peat sediments and earthworms: A mutual interference. Ecotoxicology, 10(1), 35-50.
Fahima Azira, T.M., Nursolehah, A.A., Norhayati, Y., Majid, M.I.A., Amirul, A.A. 2011. Biosynthesis of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) terpolymer by Cupriavidus sp. USMAA2-4 through two-step cultivation process. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 27(10), 2287-2295.
Findlay, R.H., White, D.C. 1983. Polymeric beta-hydroxyalkanoates from environmental samples and Bacillus megaterium. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 45(1), 71-78.
Fitch, M.W., Speitel, G.E., Georgiou, G. 1996. Degradation of trichloroethylene by methanol-grown cultures of Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b PP358. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 62(3), 1124-1128.
Fukui, T., Doi, Y. 1997. Cloning and analysis of the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) biosynthesis genes of Aeromonas caviae. Journal of Bacteriology, 179(15), 4821-30.
Gasser, I., Muller, H., Berg, G. 2009. Ecology and characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing microorganisms on and in plants. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 70(1), 142-150.
Gavini, F., Mergaert, J., Beji, A., Mielcarek, C., Izard, D., Kersters, K., De Ley, J. 1989. Transfer of Enterobacter agglomerans (Beijerinck 1888) ewing and fife 1972 to Pantoea gen. nov. as Pantoea agglomerans comb. nov. and description of Pantoea dispersa sp. nov. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 39(3), 337-345.
Georgiou, D., Metallinou, C., Aivasidis, A., Voudrias, E., Gimouhopoulos, K. 2004. Decolorization of azo-reactive dyes and cotton-textile wastewater using anaerobic digestion and acetate-consuming bacteria. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 19(1), 75-79.
Gevao, B., Mordaunt, C., Semple, K.T., Piearce, T.G., Jones, K.C. 2001. Bioavailability of nonextractable (bound) pesticide residues to earthworms. Environmental Science & Technology, 35(3), 501-507.
Glenn, J.K., Gold, M.H. 1983. Decolorization of several polymeric dyes by the lignin-degrading basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 45(6), 1741-1747.
Gohel, V., Chaudhary, T., Vyas, P., Chhatpar, H.S. 2006. Statistical screenings of medium components for the production of chitinase by the marine isolate Pantoea dispersa. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 28(1), 50-56.
Gong, Y.A., Wu, H.S., Wei, Y.H., Sun, Y.M. 2008. Fermentation strategy for the production of poly(3-hydroxyhexanoate) by Aeromonas sp. KC014. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 25(6), 1422-1426.
Greaves, A.J., Phillips, D.A.S., Taylor, J.A. 1999. Correlation between the bioelimination of anionic dyes by an activated sewage sludge with molecular structure. Part 1: Literature review. Coloration Technology, 115(12), 363-365.
Gross, R.A., DeMello, C., Lenz, R.W., Brandl, H., Fuller, R.C. 1989. The biosynthesis and characterization of poly(β-hydroxyalkanoates) produced by Pseudomonas oleovorans. Macromolecules, 22(3), 1106-1115.
Gross, R.A., Kalra, B. 2002. Biodegradable polymers for the environment. Science, 297(5582), 803-807.
Grzeszik, C., Roß, K., Schneider, K., Reh, M., Schlegel, H.G. 1997. Location, catalytic activity, and subunit composition of NAD-reducing hydrogenases of some Alcaligenes strains and Rhodococcus opacus MR22. Archives of Microbiology, 167(2), 172-176.
Höfer, P., Vermette, P., Groleau, D. 2011. Production and characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoates by recombinant Methylobacterium extorquens: Combining desirable thermal properties with functionality. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 54(1), 26-33.
Haas, R., Jin, B., Zepf, F.T. 2008. Production of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) from waste potato starch. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 72(1), 253-6.
Hafuka, A., Sakaida, K., Satoh, H., Takahashi, M., Watanabe, Y., Okabe, S. 2011. Effect of feeding regimens on polyhydroxybutyrate production from food wastes by Cupriavidus necator. Bioresource Technology, 102(3), 3551-3553.
Hamamura, N., Yeager, C.M., Arp, D.J. 2001. Two distinct monooxygenases for alkane oxidation in Nocardioides sp. Strain CF8. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 67(11), 4992-4998.
Han, J.L., Liu, Y., Chang, C.T., Chen, B.Y., Chen, W.M., Xu, H.Z. 2010. Exploring characteristics of bioelectricity generation and dye decolorization of mixed and pure bacterial cultures from wine-bearing wastewater treatment. Biodegradation, 22(2), 321-333.
Han, Y.W., Srinivasan, V.R. 1969. Purification and characterization of {beta}-glucosidase of Alcaligenes faecalis. J. Bacteriol., 100(3), 1355-1363.
Hang, X., Lin, Z., Chen, J., Wang, G., Hong, K., Chen, G.Q. 2002. Polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis in Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes YS1. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 212(1), 71-75.
Haug, W., Schmidt, A., Nortemann, B., Hempel, D.C., Stolz, A., Knackmuss, H.J. 1991. Mineralization of the sulfonated azo dye Mordant Yellow 3 by a 6-aminonaphthalene-2-sulfonate-degrading bacterial consortium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 57(11), 3144-3149.
Henkin, T.M., Grundy, F.J., Nicholson, W.L., Chambliss, G.H. 1991. Catabolite repression of α amylase gene expression in Bacillus subtilis involves a trans-acting gene product homologous to the Escherichia coli lacl and galR repressors. Molecular Microbiology, 5(3), 575-584.
Hoffmann, H., Stindl, S., Stumpf, A., Mehlen, A., Monget, D., Heesemann, J., Schleifer, K.H., Roggenkamp, A. 2005. Description of Enterobacter ludwigii sp. nov., a novel Enterobacter species of clinical relevance. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 28(3), 206-212.
Hong, K., Chen, G.Q, Fu Yu, P.H., Zhang, G., Liu, Y., Chua, H. 2000. Effect of C:N molar ratio on monomer composition of polyhdroxyalkanoates produced by Pseudomonas mendocina 0806 and Pseudomonas pseudoalkaligenus YS1. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 84-86(1), 971-980.
Hongpattarakere, T., Komeda, H., Asano, Y. 2005. Purification, characterization, gene cloning and nucleotide sequencing of D-stereospecific amino acid amidase from soil bacterium: Delftia acidovorans. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 32(11), 567-576.
Hosokawa, K., Stanier, R.Y. 1966. Crystallization and properties of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas putida. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 241(10), 2453-2460.
Hsieh, W.C., Wada, Y., Chang, C.P. 2009. Fermentation, biodegradation and tensile strength of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) synthesized by Delftia acidovorans. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 40(2), 143-147.
Hsueh, C.C., Chen, B.Y. 2008. Exploring effects of chemical structure on azo dye decolorization characteristics by Pseudomonas luteola. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 154(1-3), 703-710.
Hsueh, C.C., Chen, B.Y., Yen, C.Y. 2009. Understanding effects of chemical structure on azo dye decolorization characteristics by Aeromonas hydrophila. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 167(1-3), 995-1001.
Hu, T.L. 1998. Degradation of azo dye RP2B by Pseudomonas luteola. Water Science and Technology, 38(4-5), 299-306.
Hu, T.L. 2001. Kinetics of azoreductase and assessment of toxicity of metabolic products from azo dyes by Pseudomonas luteola. Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research, 43(2), 261-9.
Hume, A.R., Nikodinovic-Runic, J., O'Connor, K.E. 2009. FadD from Pseudomonas putida CA-3 is a true long-chain fatty acyl coenzyme a synthetase that activates phenylalkanoic and alkanoic acids. Journal of Bacteriology, 191(24), 7554-7565.
Hunger, K. 2003. Industrial dyes : chemistry, properties, applications. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.
Idaka, E., Ogawa, T., Horitsu, H., Tomoyeda, M. 1978. Degradation of azo compounds by Aeromonas hydrophila var. 24B. Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists, 94(3), 91-94.
Iding, H., Dünnwald, T., Greiner, L., Liese, A., Müller, M., Siegert, P., Grötzinger, J., Demir, A.S., Pohl, M. 2000. Benzoylformate decarboxylase from Pseudomonas putida as stable catalyst for the synthesis of chiral 2-hydroxy ketones. Chemistry – A European Journal, 6(8), 1483-1495.
Ikuta, S., Imamura, S., Misaki, H., Horiuti, Y. 1977. Purification and characterization of choline oxidase from Arthrobacter globiformis. Journal of Biochemistry, 82(6), 1741-1749.
Ito, Y., Tomita, T., Roy, N., Nakano, A., Sugawara-Tomita, N., Watanabe, S., Okai, N., Abe, N., Kamio, Y. 2003. Cloning, expression, and cell surface localization of Paenibacillus sp. strain W-61 xylanase 5, a multidomain xylanase. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 69(12), 6969-6978.
Iwabuchi, T., Harayama, S. 1997. Biochemical and genetic characterization of 2-carboxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in phenanthrene degradation by Nocardioides sp. strain KP7. J. Bacteriol., 179(20), 6488-6494.
Iwabuchi, T., Harayama, S. 1998. Biochemical and molecular characterization of 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate dioxygenase from Nocardioides sp. KP7. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 273(14), 8332-8336.
Jacquel, N., Lo, C.W., Wei, Y.H., Wu, H.S., Wang, S.S. 2008. Isolation and purification of bacterial poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates). Biochemical Engineering Journal, 39(1), 15-27.
Jager, T., van der Wal, L., Fleuren, R.H.L.J., Barendregt, A., Hermens, J.L.M. 2004. Bioaccumulation of organic chemicals in contaminated soils:  Evaluation of bioassays with earthworms. Environmental Science & Technology, 39(1), 293-298.
Jang, K.H., Ryu, E.J., Park, B.S., Song, K.B., Kang, S.A., Kim, C.H., Uhm, T.B., Park, Y.I., Rhee, S.K. 2003. Levan fructotransferase from Arthrobacter oxydans J17-21 catalyzes the formation of the Di-d-fructose dianhydride IV from levan. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(9), 2632-2636.
Jiang, Y., Song, X., Gong, L., Li, P., Dai, C., Shao, W. 2008. High poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) production by Pseudomonas fluorescens A2a5 from inexpensive substrates. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 42(2), 167-172.
Jin, X.C., Liu, G.Q., Xu, Z.H., Tao, W.Y. 2007. Decolorization of a dye industry effluent by Aspergillus fumigatus XC6. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 74(1), 239-243.
Johnson, K.G., Harrison, B.A., Schneider, H., MacKenzie, C.R., Fontana, J.D. 1988. Xylan-hydrolysing enzymes from Streptomyces spp. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 10(7), 403-409.
Jung, K., Hazenberg, W., Prieto, M., Witholt, B. 2001. Two-stage continuous process development for the production of medium-chain-length poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates). Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 72(1), 19-24.
Kang, H.O., Chung, C.W., Kim, H.W., Kim, Y.B., Rhee, Y.H. 2001. Cometabolic biosynthesis of copolyesters consisting of 3-hydroxyvalerate and medium-chain-length 3-hydroxyalkanoates by Pseudomonas sp. DSY-82. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 80(2), 185-191.
Kanji, G.K. 2006. 100 statistical tests. 3rd ed. Sage Publications, London ; Thousand Oaks, Calif.
Kao, P.M., Huang, S.C., Chang, Y.C., Liu, Y.C. 2007. Development of continuous chitinase production process in a membrane bioreactor by Paenibacillus sp. CHE-N1. Process Biochemistry, 42(4), 606-611.
Kasuya, K.I, Takagi, K.I., Ishiwatari, S.I., Yoshida, Y., Doi, Y. 1998. Biodegradabilities of various aliphatic polyesters in natural waters. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 59(1-3), 327-332.
Kawamura, F., Doi, R.H. 1984. Construction of a Bacillus subtilis double mutant deficient in extracellular alkaline and neutral proteases. Journal of Bacteriology, 160(1), 442-444.
Kerovuo, J., Lauraeus, M., Nurminen, P., Kalkkinen, N., Apajalahti, J. 1998. Isolation, characterization, molecular gene cloning, and sequencing of a novel phytase from Bacillus subtilis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 64(6), 2079-2085.
Khan, A.A., Wang, R.F., Cao, W.W., Doerge, D.R., Wennerstrom, D., Cerniglia, C.E. 2001. Molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of genes encoding a polycyclic aromatic ring dioxygenase from Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-1. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 67(8), 3577-3585.
Khatuntseva, S.A., Eldarov, M.A., Redo, V.A., Skryabin, K.G. 2008. Purification and immobilization of recombinant variants of Brevundimonas diminuta glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid acylase expressed in Escherichia coli cells. Journal of Biotechnology, 133(1), 123-126.
Kildea, S., Ransbotyn, V., Khan, M.R., Fagan, B., Leonard, G., Mullins, E., Doohan, F.M. 2008. Bacillus megaterium shows potential for the biocontrol of septoria tritici blotch of wheat. Biological Control, 47(1), 37-45.
Kim, M.K., Im, W.T., Ohta, H., Lee, M., Lee, S.T. 2005. Sphingopyxis granuli sp. nov., a beta-glucosidase-producing bacterium in the family Sphingomonadaceae in alpha-4 subclass of the Proteobacteria. Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea), 43(2), 152-7.
Kimura, N., Kitagawa, W., Mori, T., Nakashima, N., Tamura, T., Kamagata, Y. 2006. Genetic and biochemical characterization of the dioxygenase involved in lateral dioxygenation of dibenzofuran from Rhodococcus opacus strain SAO101. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 73(2), 474-484.
Koller, M., Bona, R., Chiellini, E., Fernandes, E.G., Horvat, P., Kutschera, C., Hesse, P., Braunegg, G. 2008. Polyhydroxyalkanoate production from whey by Pseudomonas hydrogenovora. Bioresource Technology, 99(11), 4854-4863.
Komeda, H., Hariyama, N., Asano, Y. 2006. L-Stereoselective amino acid amidase with broad substrate specificity from Brevundimonas diminuta : characterization of a new member of the leucine aminopeptidase family. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 70(4), 412-421.
Konz, D., Klens, A., Schörgendorfer, K., Marahiel, M.A. 1997. The bacitracin biosynthesis operon of Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 10716: molecular characterization of three multi-modular peptide synthetases. Chemistry & Biology, 4(12), 927-937.
Kotz, J.C., Treichel, P., Townsend, J.R. 2009. Chemistry & chemical reactivity. 7th ed. Thomson Brooks/Cole, Belmont, CA.
Koutinas, A.A., Xu, Y., Wang, R., Webb, C. 2007. Polyhydroxybutyrate production from a novel feedstock derived from a wheat-based biorefinery. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 40(5), 1035-1044.
Kukimoto, M., Nishiyama, M., Murphy, M.E.P., Turley, S., Adman, E.T., Horinouchi, S., Beppu, T. 1994. X-ray structure and site-directed mutagenesis of a nitrite reductase from Alcaligenes Faecalis S-6: Roles of two copper atoms in nitrite reduction. Biochemistry, 33(17), 5246-5252.
Kulpreecha, S., Boonruangthavorn, A., Meksiriporn, B., Thongchul, N. 2009. Inexpensive fed-batch cultivation for high poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production by a new isolate of Bacillus megaterium. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 107(3), 240-245.
Kuo, W.C., Cheng, K.Y. 2007. Use of respirometer in evaluation of process and toxicity of thermophilic anaerobic digestion for treating kitchen waste. Bioresource Technology, 98(9), 1805-1811.
Kurkela, S., Lehväslaiho, H., Palva, E.T., Teeri, T.H. 1988. Cloning, nucleotide sequence and characterization of genes encoding naphthalene dioxygenase of Pseudomonas putida strain NCIB9816. Gene, 73(2), 355-362.
Kurokawa, M., Fukumori, Y., Yamanaka, T. 1985. A hydroxylamine-cytochrome c reductase occurs in the heterotrophic nitrifier Arthrobacter globiformis. Plant and Cell Physiology, 26(7), 1439-1442.
López-Cuellar, M.R., Alba-Flores, J., Rodríguez, J.N.G., Pérez-Guevara, F. 2011. Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) with canola oil as carbon source. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 48(1), 74-80.
Lageveen, R.G., Huisman, G.W., Preusting, H., Ketelaar, P., Eggink, G., Witholt, B. 1988. Formation of polyesters by Pseudomonas oleovorans: Effect of substrates on formation and composition of poly-(R)-3-hydroxyalkanoates and poly-(R)-3-hydroxyalkenoates. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 54(12), 2924-2932.
Lartigue, M.F., Poirel, L., Aubert, D., Nordmann, P. 2006. In vitro analysis of ISEcp1B-mediated mobilization of naturally occurring {beta}-lactamase gene blaCTX-M of Kluyvera ascorbata. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 50(4), 1282-1286.
Lee, J.P., Lee, S.W., Kim, C.S., Son, J.H., Song, J.H., Lee, K.Y., Kim, H.J., Jung, S.J., Moon, B.J. 2006. Evaluation of formulations of Bacillus licheniformis for the biological control of tomato gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea. Biological Control, 37(3), 329-337.
Lee, S.H., Oh, D.H., Ahn, W.S., Lee, Y., Choi, J.I., Lee, S.Y. 2000. Production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) by high-cell-density cultivation of Aeromonas hydrophila. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 67(2), 240-244.
Lee, S.Y. 1996. Bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 49(1), 1-14.
Li, Z.J., Shi, Z.Y., Jian, J., Guo, Y.Y., Wu, Q., Chen, G.Q. 2010. Production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) from unrelated carbon sources by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. Metabolic Engineering, 12(4), 352-359.
Liangqi, Z., Jingfan, X., Tao, F., Haibin, W. 2006. Synthesis of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyoctanoate) by a Sinorhizobium fredii strain. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 42(4), 344-349.
Lin, X., Lee, C.G., Casale, E.S., Shih, J.C.H. 1992. Purification and characterization of a keratinase from a feather-degrading Bacillus licheniformis Strain. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 58(10), 3271-3275.
Liu, L., Li, F.B., Feng, C.H., Li, X.Z. 2009. Microbial fuel cell with an azo-dye-feeding cathode. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 85(1), 175-183.
Lo, C. W., Wu, H. S., Wei, Y. H. 2009. Optimizing acidic methanolysis of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) in gas chromatography analysis. Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering, 4(4), 487-494.
Lopes, M.S.G., Rocha, R.C.S., Zanotto, S.P., Gomez, J.G.C., Silva, L.F.d. 2009. Screening of bacteria to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates from xylose. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 25(10), 1751-1756.
Lourenço, N.D., Novais, J.M., Pinheiro, H.M. 2006. Kinetic studies of reactive azo dye decolorization in anaerobic/aerobic sequencing batch reactors. Biotechnology Letters, 28(10), 733-739.
Lu, X.Y., Wu, Q., Chen, G.Q. 2004. Production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co -3-hydroxyhexanoate) with flexible 3-hydroxyhexanoate content in Aeromonas hydrophila CGMCC 0911. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 64(1), 41-45.
MacKenzie, C.R., Bilous, D., Schneider, H., Johnson, K.G. 1987. Induction of cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzyme systems in Streptomyces spp. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 53(12), 2835-2839.
Makino, Y., Negoro, S., Urabe, I., Okada, H. 1989. Stability-increasing mutants of glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus megaterium IWG3. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 264(11), 6381-6385.
Maruyama, T., Ishikura, M., Taki, H., Shindo, K., Kasai, H., Haga, M., Inomata, Y., Misawa, N. 2005. Isolation and characterization of o-xylene oxygenase genes from Rhodococcus opacus TKN14. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 71(12), 7705-7715.
Masson, J. Y., Boucher, I., Neugebauer, W.A., Ramotar, D., Brzezinski, R. 1995. A new chitosanase gene from a Nocardioides sp. is a third member of glycosyl hydrolase family 46. Microbiology, 141(10), 2629-2635.
Metcalf, E. 2003. Wastewater engineering : treatment and reuse. 4th ed. McGraw-Hill, Boston.
Misra, S.K., Valappil, S.P., Roy, I., Boccaccini, A.R. 2006. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)/Inorganic phase composites for tissue engineering applications. Biomacromolecules, 7(8), 2249-2258.
Miyauchi, K., Sukda, P., Nishida, T., Ito, E., Matsumoto, Y., Masai, E., Fukuda, M. 2008. Isolation of dibenzofuran-degrading bacterium, Nocardioides sp. DF412, and characterization of its dibenzofuran degradation genes. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 105(6), 628-635.
Monteiro, Á.A.M.G., Boaventura, R.A.R., Rodrigues, A.E. 2000. Phenol biodegradation by Pseudomonas putida DSM 548 in a batch reactor. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 6(1), 45-49.
Morawski, B., Quan, S., Arnold, F.H. 2001. Functional expression and stabilization of horseradish peroxidase by directed evolution in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 76(2), 99-107.
Mulbry, W.W., Zhu, H., Nour, S.M., Topp, E. 2002. The triazine hydrolase gene trzN from Nocardioides sp. strain C190: Cloning and construction of gene-specific primers. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 206(1), 75-79.
Mumtaz, T., Yahaya, N.A., Abd-Aziz, S., Abdul Rahman, N.A., Yee, P.L., Shirai, Y., Hassan, M.A. 2010. Turning waste to wealth-biodegradable plastics polyhydroxyalkanoates from palm oil mill effluent – a Malaysian perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 18(14), 1393-1402.
Murakami, S., Sawami, Y., Takenaka, S., Aoki, K. 2004. Cloning of a gene encoding 4-amino-3-hydroxybenzoate 2,3-dioxygenase from Bordetella sp. 10d. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 314(2), 489-494.
Na, K.S., Kuroda, A., Takiguchi, N., Ikeda, T., Ohtake, H., Kato, J. 2005. Isolation and characterization of benzene-tolerant Rhodococcus opacus strains. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 99(4), 378-382.
Nachiyar, C.V., Rajkumar, G.S. 2003. Degradation of a tannery and textile dye, Navitan Fast Blue S5R by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 19(6), 609-614.
Narimasa, S. 1973. A thermophilic extracellular α-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 155(2), 290-298.
Nemec, A., Krizova, L., Maixnerova, M., van der Reijden, T.J.K., Deschaght, P., Passet, V., Vaneechoutte, M., Brisse, S., Dijkshoorn, L. 2011. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus–Acinetobacter baumannii complex with the proposal of Acinetobacter pittii sp. nov. (formerly Acinetobacter genomic species 3) and Acinetobacter nosocomialis sp. nov. (formerly Acinetobacter genomic species 13TU). Research in Microbiology, 162(4), 393-404.
Nikodinovic, J., Kenny, S.T., Babu, R.P., Woods, T., Blau, W.J., O’Connor, K.E. 2008. The conversion of BTEX compounds by single and defined mixed cultures to medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 80(4), 665-673.
Nozaki, H., Kuroda, S., Watanabe, K., Yokozeki, K. 2008. Cloning of the gene encoding Methylserine hydroxymethyltransferase from Aminobacter sp. AJ110403 and Ensifer sp. AJ110404 and characterization of the recombinant Enzyme. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 72(11), 3002-3005.
O’Mahony, R., Doran, J., Coffey, L., Cahill, O.J., Black, G.W., O’Reilly, C. 2005. Characterisation of the nitrile hydratase gene clusters of Rhodococcus erythropolis strains AJ270 and AJ300 and Microbacterium sp. AJ115 indicates horizontal gene transfer and reveals an insertion of IS1166. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 87(3), 221-232.
Ohura, T., Aoyagi, Y., Takagi, K.I., Yoshida, Y., Kasuya, K.I., Doi, Y. 1999. Biodegradation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoic acids) fibers and isolation of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid)-degrading microorganisms under aquatic environments. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 63(1), 23-29.
Ong, S.A., Toorisaka, E., Hirata, M., Hano, T. 2005. Treatment of azo dye Orange II in a sequential anaerobic and aerobic-sequencing batch ractor system. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 2(4), 203-207.
Oshiki, M., Onuki, M., Satoh, H., Mino, T. 2008. PHA-accumulating microorganisms in full-scale wastewater treatment plants. Water Science and Technology, 58(1), 13-20.
Ostle, A.G., Holt, J.G. 1982. Nile blue A as a fluorescent stain for poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 44(1), 238-241.
Paal, K., Ito, M., Withers, S.G. 2004. Paenibacillus sp. TS12 glucosylceramidase: kinetic studies of a novel sub-family of family 3 glycosidases and identification of the catalytic residues. Biochem J, 378(Pt 1), 141-149.
Padmavathy, S., Sandhya, S., Swaminathan, K., Subrahmanyam Y, V., Chakrabarti, T., Kaul S, N. 2003. Aerobic decolorization of reactive azo dyes in presence of various cosubstrates. Chemical and biochemical engineering quarterly, 17(2), 147-151.
Pan, H., Xie, Z., Bao, W., Zhang, J. 2008. Optimization of culture conditions to enhance cis-epoxysuccinate hydrolase production in Escherichia coli by response surface methodology. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 42(2), 133-138.
Pandey, A., Singh, P., Iyengar, L. 2007. Bacterial decolorization and degradation of azo dyes. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 59(2), 73-84.
Pantazaki, A.A., Papaneophytou, C.P., Pritsa, A.G., Liakopoulou-Kyriakides, M., Kyriakidis, D.A. 2009. Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates from whey by Thermus thermophilus HB8. Process Biochemistry, 44(8), 847-853.
Park, C.H., Keyhan, M., Wielinga, B., Fendorf, S., Matin, A. 2000. Purification to Homogeneity and characterization of a novel Pseudomonas putida chromate reductase. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 66(5), 1788-1795.
Park, D.H., Kim, B.S. 2011. Production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) by Ralstonia eutropha from soybean oil. New Biotechnology, 28(6), 719-724.
Parle, J.N. 1963. Micro-Organisms in the Intestines of Earthworms. Journal of General Microbiology, 31(1), 1-11.
Parrish, Z.D., White, J.C., Isleyen, M., Gent, M.P.N., Iannucci-Berger, W., Eitzer, B.D., Kelsey, J.W., Mattina, M.I. 2006. Accumulation of weathered polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by plant and earthworm species. Chemosphere, 64(4), 609-618.
Pearce, C.I., Lloyd, J.R., Guthrie, J.T. 2003. The removal of colour from textile wastewater using whole bacterial cells: a review. Dyes and Pigments, 58(3), 179-196.
Pelletier, A., Sygusch, J. 1990. Purification and characterization of three chitosanase activities from Bacillus megaterium P1. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 56(4), 844-848.
Peoples, O.P., Sinskey, A.J. 1989. Poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) biosynthesis in Alcaligenes eutrophus H16. Identification and characterization of the PHB polymerase gene (phbC). Journal of Biological Chemistry, 264(26), 15298-15303.
Pohlenz, H.D., Boidol, W., Schuttke, I., Streber, W.R. 1992. Purification and properties of an Arthrobacter oxydans P52 carbamate hydrolase specific for the herbicide phenmedipham and nucleotide sequence of the corresponding gene. J. Bacteriol., 174(20), 6600-6607.
Pollock, M.R. 1964. Stimulating and inhibiting antibodies for bacterial Penicillinase. Immunology, 7, 707-23.
Posada, J.A., Naranjo, J.M., López, J.A., Higuita, J.C., Cardona, C.A. 2011. Design and analysis of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate production processes from crude glycerol. Process Biochemistry, 46(1), 310-317.
Qadri, S.M., Gordon, L.P., Wende, R.D., Williams, R.P. 1976. Meningitis due to Aeromonas hydrophila. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 3(2), 102-104.
Qin, L.F., Gao, X., Liu, Q., Wu, Q., Chen, G.Q. 2007. Biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate copolyesters by Aeromonas hydrophila mutant expressing a low-substrate-specificity PHA synthase PhaC2Ps. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 37(2), 144-150.
Qiu, Y.Z., Han, J., Chen, G.Q. 2006. Metabolic engineering of Aeromonas hydrophila for the enhanced production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate). Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 69(5), 537-542.
Qiu, Y.Z., Ouyang, S.P., Shen, Z., Wu, Q., Chen, G.Q. 2004. Metabolic Engineering for the Production of copolyesters consisting of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyhexanoate by Aeromonas hydrophila. Macromolecular Bioscience, 4(3), 255-261.
Quillaguamán, J., Doan-Van, T., Guzmán, H., Guzmán, D., Martín, J., Everest, A., Hatti-Kaul, R. 2008. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production by Halomonas boliviensis in fed-batch culture. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 78(2), 227-232.
Quillaguamán, J., Muñoz, M., Mattiasson, B., Hatti-Kaul, R. 2007. Optimizing conditions for poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) production by Halomonas boliviensis LC1 in batch culture with sucrose as carbon source. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 74(5), 981-986.
Rajaguru, P., Kalaiselvi, K., Palanivel, M., Subburam, V. 2000. Biodegradation of azo dyes in a sequential anaerobic–aerobic system. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 54(2), 268-273.
RamKumar Pandian, S., Deepak, V., Kalishwaralal, K., Rameshkumar, N., Jeyaraj, M., Gurunathan, S. 2010. Optimization and fed-batch production of PHB utilizing dairy waste and sea water as nutrient sources by Bacillus megaterium SRKP-3. Bioresource Technology, 101(2), 705-711.
Ramsay, J.A., Berger, E., Ramsay, B.A., Chavarie, C. 1990. Recovery of poly-3-hydroxyalkanoic acid granules by a surfactant-hypochlorite treatment. Biotechnology Techniques, 4(4), 221-226.
Rapp, P. 2001. Multiphasic kinetics of transformation of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene at nano- and micromolar concentrations by Burkholderia sp. Strain PS14. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 67(8), 3496-3500.
Robinson, T., McMullan, G., Marchant, R., Nigam, P. 2001. Remediation of dyes in textile effluent: a critical review on current treatment technologies with a proposed alternative. Bioresource Technology, 77(3), 247-255.
Ryan, M.P., Pembroke, J.T., Adley, C.C. 2007. Ralstonia pickettii in environmental biotechnology: potential and applications. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 103(4), 754-764.
Sørensen, S.R., Holtze, M.S., Simonsen, A., Aamand, J. 2007. Degradation and mineralization of nanomolar concentrations of the herbicide dichlobenil and its persistent metabolite 2,6-dichlorobenzamide by Aminobacter spp. Isolated from dichlobenil-treated soils. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73(2), 399-406.
Sabirova, J. 2010. Polyhydroxyalkanoates produced by hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria. in: Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology, (Ed.) K.N. Timmis, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 2981-2994.
Sakai, M., Ezaki, S., Suzuki, N., Kurane, R. 2005. Isolation and characterization of a novel polychlorinated biphenyl-degrading bacterium, Paenibacillus sp. KBC101. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 68(1), 111-116.
Sani, R.K., Banerjee, U.C. 1999. Decolorization of triphenylmethane dyes and textile and dye-stuff effluent by Kurthia sp. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 24(7), 433-437.
Saratale, R.G., Saratale, G.D., Chang, J.S., Govindwar, S.P. 2011. Bacterial decolorization and degradation of azo dyes: A review. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 42(1), 138-157.
Saratale, R.G., Saratale, G.D., Chang, J.S., Govindwar, S.P. 2009a. Ecofriendly degradation of sulfonated diazo dye C.I. Reactive Green 19A using Micrococcus glutamicus NCIM-2168. Bioresource Technology, 100(17), 3897-3905.
Saratale, R.G., Saratale, G.D., Kalyani, D.C., Chang, J.S., Govindwar, S.P. 2009b. Enhanced decolorization and biodegradation of textile azo dye Scarlet R by using developed microbial consortium-GR. Bioresource Technology, 100(9), 2493-2500.
Sarayu, K., Sandhya, S. 2010. Aerobic biodegradation pathway for Remazol Orange by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 160(4), 1241-1253.
Schlegel, H.G., Lafferty, R., Krauss, I. 1970. The isolation of mutants not accumulating poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid. Archives of Microbiology, 71(3), 283-294.
Scott-Fordsmand, J.J., Krogh, P.H., Schaefer, M., Johansen, A. 2008. The toxicity testing of double-walled nanotubes-contaminated food to Eisenia veneta earthworms. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 71(3), 616-619.
Seibert, V., Kourbatova, E.M., Golovleva, L.A., Schlomann, M. 1998. Characterization of the maleylacetate reductase MacA of Rhodococcus opacus 1CP and evidence for the presence of an isofunctional enzyme. J. Bacteriol., 180(14), 3503-3508.
Selvakumar, G., Kundu, S., Joshi, P., Nazim, S., Gupta, A.D., Mishra, P.K., Gupta, H.S. 2008. Characterization of a cold-tolerant plant growth-promoting bacterium Pantoea dispersa 1A isolated from a sub-alpine soil in the North Western Indian Himalayas. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 24(7), 955-960.
Semdé, R., Pierre, D., Geuskens, G., Devleeschouwer, M., Moës, A.J. 1998. Study of some important factors involved in azo derivative reduction by Clostridium perfringens. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 161(1), 45-54.
Shah, A.A., Hasan, F., Hameed, A., Ahmed, S. 2008. Biological degradation of plastics: A comprehensive review. Biotechnology Advances, 26(3), 246-265.
Shaharoona, B., Arshad, M., Zahir, Z.A., Khalid, A. 2006. Performance of Pseudomonas spp. containing ACC-deaminase for improving growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in the presence of nitrogenous fertilizer. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 38(9), 2971-2975.
Shotts, E.B., Rimler, R. 1973. Medium for the isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila. Applied Microbiology, 26(4), 550-553.
Singh, A.K., Mallick, N. 2008. Exploitation of inexpensive substrates for production of a novel SCL-LCL-PHA co-polymer by Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 7925. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 36(3), 347-354.
Singh, B., Bhat, T.K., Sharma, O.P., Kanwar, S.S., Rahi, P., Gulati, A. 2011. Isolation of tannase-producing Enterobacter ludwigii GRT-1 from the rumen of migratory goats. Small Ruminant Research(0).
Sisley, P., Porcher, C. 1911. Du sort des matières colorantes dans l'organisme animal. C.r. hebd. Se'anc. Acad. Sci., Paris 152, 1062-1065.
Smacchi, E., Fox, P.F., Gobbetti, M. 1999a. Purification and characterization of two extracellular proteinases from Arthrobacter nicotianae 9458. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 170(2), 327-333.
Smacchi, E., Gobbetti, M., Lanciotti, R., Fox, P.F. 1999b. Purification and characterization of an extracellular proline iminopeptidase from Arthrobacter nicotianae 9458. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 178(1), 191-197.
Smacchi, E., Gobbetti, M., Rossi, J., Fox, P.F. 2000. Purification and characterization of an extracellular esterase from Arthrobacter nicotianae 9458. Lait, 80(2), 255-265.
Sota, M., Endo, M., Nitta, K., Kawasaki, H., Tsuda, M. 2002. Characterization of a class II defective transposon carrying two haloacetate dehalogenase genes from Delftia acidovorans plasmid pUO1. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 68(5), 2307-2315.
Spiekermann, P., Rehm, B.H.A., Kalscheuer, R., Baumeister, D., Steinbüchel, A. 1999. A sensitive, viable-colony staining method using Nile red for direct screening of bacteria that accumulate polyhydroxyalkanoic acids and other lipid storage compounds. Archives of Microbiology, 171(2), 73-80.
Stürzenbaum, S.R., Georgiev, O., Morgan, A.J., Kille, P. 2004. Cadmium detoxification in earthworms:  From genes to cells. Environmental Science & Technology, 38(23), 6283-6289.
Steinbüchel, A., Schmack, G. 1995. Large-scale production of poly(3-hydroxyvaleric acid) by fermentation of Chromobacterium violaceum, processing, and characterization of the homopolyester. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 3(4), 243-258.
Stelzmueller, I., Biebl, M., Wiesmayr, S., Eller, M., Hoeller, E., Fille, M., Weiss, G., Lass-Floerl, C., Bonatti, H. 2006. Ralstonia pickettii—innocent bystander or a potential threat? Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 12(2), 99-101.
Stolz, A. 2001. Basic and applied aspects in the microbial degradation of azo dyes. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 56(1), 69-80.
Sudesh, K., Abe, H., Doi, Y. 2000. Synthesis, structure and properties of polyhydroxyalkanoates: biological polyesters. Progress in Polymer Science, 25(10), 1503-1555.
Sudesh, K., Doi, Y. 2000. Molecular design and biosynthesis of biodegradable polyesters. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 11(8-12), 865-872.
Suominen, I., Spröer, C., Kämpfer, P., Rainey, F.A., Lounatmaa, K., Salkinoja-Salonen, M. 2003. Paenibacillus stellifer sp. nov., a cyclodextrin-producing species isolated from paperboard. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 53(5), 1369-1374.
Suthar, S. 2009. Growth and fecundity of earthworms: Perionyx excavatus and Perionyx sansibaricus in cattle waste solids. The Environmentalist, 29(1), 78-84.
Tanio, T., Fukui, T., Shirakura, Y., Saito, T., Tomita, K., Kaiho, T., Masamune, S. 1982. An extracellular poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase from Alcaligenes faecalis. European Journal of Biochemistry, 124(1), 71-77.
Tanizawa, K., Matsuzaki, R., Shimizu, E., Yorifuji, T., Fukui, T. 1994. Cloning and sequencing of phenylethylamine oxidase from Arthrobacter globiformis and implication of Tyr-382 as the precursor to its covalently bound quinone cofactor. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 199(3), 1096-1102.
Tehara, S.K., Keasling, J.D. 2003. Gene cloning, purification, and characterization of a phosphodiesterase from Delftia acidovorans. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 69(1), 504-508.
Telke, A.A., Kalyani, D.C., Dawkar, V.V., Govindwar, S.P. 2009. Influence of organic and inorganic compounds on oxidoreductive decolorization of sulfonated azo dye C.I. Reactive Orange 16. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 172(1), 298-309.
Thangam, E.B., Rajkumar, G.S. 2002. Purification and characterization of alkaline protease from Alcaligenes faecalis. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, 35(2), 149-154.
Thys, R.C.S., Brandelli, A. 2006. Purification and properties of a keratinolytic metalloprotease from Microbacterium sp. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 101(6), 1259-1268.
Thys, R.C.S., Guzzon, S.O., Cladera-Olivera, F., Brandelli, A. 2006. Optimization of protease production by Microbacterium sp. in feather meal using response surface methodology. Process Biochemistry, 41(1), 67-73.
Tian, S.J., Lai, W.J., Zheng, Z., Wang, H.X., Chen, G.Q. 2005. Effect of over-expression of phasin gene from Aeromonas hydrophila on biosynthesis of copolyesters of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyhexanoate. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 244(1), 19-25.
Tian, W., Hong, K., Chen, G.Q., Wu, Q., Zhang, R.Q., Huang, W. 2000. Production of polyesters consisting of medium chain length 3-hydroxyalkanoic acids by Pseudomonas mendocina 0806 from various carbon sources. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 77(1), 31-36.
Tobella, L.M., Bunster, M., Pooley, A., Becerra, J., Godoy, F., Martínez, M.A. 2005. Biosynthesis of poly-β-hydroxyalkanoates by Sphingopyxis chilensis S37 and Wautersia sp. PZK cultured in cellulose pulp mill effluents containing 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 32(9), 397-401.
Tony, B.D., Goyal, D., Khanna, S. 2009. Decolorization of textile azo dyes by aerobic bacterial consortium. International Biodeterioration Biodegradation, 63(4), 462-469.
Tsuge, T. 2002. Metabolic improvements and use of inexpensive carbon sources in microbial production of polyhydroxyalkanoates. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 94(6), 579-584.
van der Walle, G.A.M., de Koning, G.J.M., Weusthuis, R.A., Eggink, G. 2001. Properties, modifications and applications of biopolyesters. Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, 71, 263-291.
van der Zee, F.P., Lettinga, G., Field, J.A. 2001. Azo dye decolourisation by anaerobic granular sludge. Chemosphere, 44(5), 1169-1176.
Vandevivere, P.C., Bianchi, R., Verstraete, W. 1998. Review: Treatment and reuse of wastewater from the textile wet-processing industry: Review of emerging technologies. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 72(4), 289-302.
Verhaert, R.M., Riemens, A.M., van der Laan, J.M., van Duin, J., Quax, W.J. 1997. Molecular cloning and analysis of the gene encoding the thermostable penicillin G acylase from Alcaligenes faecalis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 63(9), 3412-3418.
Verlinden, R.A.J., Hill, D.J., Kenward, M.A., Williams, C.D., Radecka, I. 2007. Bacterial synthesis of biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 102(6), 1437-1449.
Vidal-Mas, J., Resina-Pelfort, O., Haba, E., Comas, J., Manresa, A., Vives-Rego, J. 2001. Rapid flow cytometry-Nile red assessment of PHA cellular content and heterogeneity in cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 47T2 (NCIB 40044) grown in waste frying oil. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 80(1), 57-63.
Vo, M.T., Lee, K.W., Jung, Y.M., Lee, Y.H. 2008. Comparative effect of overexpressed phaJ and fabG genes supplementing (R)-3-hydroxyalkanoate monomer units on biosynthesis of mcl-polyhydroxyalkanoate in Pseudomonas putida KCTC1639. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 106(1), 95-98.
Wackett, L.P., Gibson, D.T. 1988. Degradation of trichloroethylene by toluene dioxygenase in whole-cell studies with Pseudomonas putida F1. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 54(7), 1703-1708.
Wang, C.M., Shyu, C.L., Ho, S.P., Chiou, S.H. 2008. Characterization of a novel thermophilic, cellulose-degrading bacterium Paenibacillus sp. strain B39. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 47(1), 46-53.
Wang, F., Grundmann, S., Schmid, M., Dörfler, U., Roherer, S., Munch, J.C., Hartmann, A., Jiang, X., Schroll, R. 2007. Isolation and characterization of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene mineralizing Bordetella sp. and its bioremediation potential in soil. Chemosphere, 67(5), 896-902.
Wang, F., Lee, S.Y. 1997. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production with high productivity and high polymer content by a fed-batch culture of Alcaligenes latus under nitrogen limitation. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 63(9), 3703-6.
Wang, H., Su, J.Q., Zheng, X.W., Tian, Y., Xiong, X.J., Zheng, T.L. 2009. Bacterial decolorization and degradation of the reactive dye Reactive Red 180 by Citrobacter sp. CK3. International Biodeterioration Biodegradation, 63(4), 395-399.
Ward, P.G., de Roo, G., O'Connor, K.E. 2005. Accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoate from styrene and phenylacetic acid by Pseudomonas putida CA-3. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71(4), 2046-2052.
Wei, Y.H., Chen, W.C., Huang, C.K., Wu, H.S., Sun, Y.M., Lo, C.W., Janarthanan, O.M. 2011. Screening and evaluation of polyhydroxybutyrate-producing strains from indigenous isolate Cupriavidus taiwanensis strains. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 12(1), 252-265.
Westendorf, A., Benndorf, D., Müller, R.H., Babel, W. 2002. The two enantiospecific dichlorprop/α-ketoglutarate-dioxygenases from Delftia acidovorans MC1-protein and sequence data of RdpA and SdpA. Microbiological Research, 157(4), 317-322.
Westendorf, A., Müller, R.H., Babel, W. 2003. Purification and characterisation of the enantiospecific dioxygenases from Delftia acidovorans MC1 initiating the degradation of phenoxypropionate and phenoxyacetate herbicides. Acta Biotechnologica, 23(1), 3-17.
Wilce, M.C.J., Dooley, D.M., Freeman, H.C., Guss, J.M., Matsunami, H., McIntire, W.S., Ruggiero, C.E., Tanizawa, K., Yamaguchi, H. 1997. Crystal structures of the copper-containing amine oxidase from Arthrobacter globiformis in the holo and apo forms:  Implications for the biogenesis of topaquinone. Biochemistry, 36(51), 16116-16133.
Wright, S.A.I., Zumoff, C.H., Schneider, L., Beer, S.V. 2001. Pantoea agglomerans strain EH318 produces two antibiotics that inhibit Erwinia amylovora in vitro. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 67(1), 284-292.
Wu, H.A., Sheu, D.S., Lee, C.Y. 2003. Rapid differentiation between short-chain-length and medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate-accumulating bacteria with spectrofluorometry. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 53(1), 131-135.
Wu, L., Birch, R.G. 2004. Characterization of Pantoea dispersa UQ68J: producer of a highly efficient sucrose isomerase for isomaltulose biosynthesis. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 97(1), 93-103.
Xie, W.P., Chen, G.Q. 2008. Production and characterization of terpolyester poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) by recombinant Aeromonas hydrophila 4AK4 harboring genes phaPCJ. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 38(3), 384-389.
Xu, Y., Wang, R.H., Koutinas, A.A., Webb, C. 2010. Microbial biodegradable plastic production from a wheat-based biorefining strategy. Process Biochemistry, 45(2), 153-163.
Yang, T.H., Kim, T.W., Kang, H.O., Lee, S.H., Lee, E.J., Lim, S.C., Oh, S.O., Song, A.J., Park, S.J., Lee, S.Y. 2010. Biosynthesis of polylactic acid and its copolymers using evolved propionate CoA transferase and PHA synthase. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 105(1), 150-160.
Yao, J., Zhang, G., Wu, Q., Chen, G.Q., Zhang, R. 1999. Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates by Pseudomonas nitroreducens. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 75(4), 345-349.
Yong, D., Lee, K., Yum, J.H., Shin, H.B., Rossolini, G.M., Chong, Y. 2002. Imipenem-EDTA disk method for differentiation of metallo-{beta}-lactamase-producing clinical isolates of Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. J. Clin. Microbiol., 40(10), 3798-3801.
Yoo, E.S., Libra, J., Adrian, L. 2001. Mechanism of decolorization of azo dyes in anaerobic mixed culture. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 127(9), 844-849.
Youn, H.D., Kim, E.J., Roe, J.H., Hah, Y.C., Kang, S.O. 1996. A novel nickel-containing superoxide dismutase from Streptomyces spp. Joirnal of Biochemical, 318, 889-896.
Yousaf, S., Afzal, M., Reichenauer, T.G., Brady, C.L., Sessitsch, A. 2011. Hydrocarbon degradation, plant colonization and gene expression of alkane degradation genes by endophytic Enterobacter ludwigii strains. Environmental Pollution, 159(10), 2675-2683.
Zhang, J., Kasuya, K., Hikima, T., Takata, M., Takemura, A., Iwata, T. 2011. Mechanical properties, structure analysis and enzymatic degradation of uniaxially cold-drawn films of poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate]. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 96(12), 2130-2138.
Zhang, J., Zhao, W., Pan, J., Qiu, L., Zhu, Y. 2005. Tissue-dependent distribution and accumulation of chlorobenzenes by vegetables in urban area. Environment International, 31(6), 855-860.
Zhang, M.M., Chen, W.M., Chen, B.Y., Chang, C.T., Hsueh, C.C., Ding, Y., Lin, K.L., Xu, H. 2010. Comparative study on characteristics of azo dye decolorization by indigenous decolorizers. Bioresource Technology, 101(8), 2651-2656.
Zhao, W., Chen, G.Q. 2007. Production and characterization of terpolyester poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) by recombinant Aeromonas hydrophila 4AK4 harboring genes phaAB. Process Biochemistry, 42(9), 1342-1347.
Zimmermann, T., Gasser, F., Kulla, H.G., Leisinger, T. 1984. Comparison of two bacterial azoreductases acquired during adaptation to growth on azo dyes. Archives of Microbiology, 138(1), 37-43.
Zimmermann, T., Kulla, H.G., Leisinger, T. 1982. Properties of purified Orange II azoreductase, the enzyme initiating azo dye degradation by Pseudomonas KF46. European Journal of Biochemistry, 129(1), 197-203.