臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

使用背點接式結構來製作高效率矽晶太陽能電池，此結構最大優點在於將電極都移至背面，完全除去電極遮光使短路電流極大化，因此非常有潛力可以達到矽晶太陽能電池的最高效率。而短路電流在沒有正面遮光影響後，其值變化不會太大，因此開路電壓是決定能否讓效率進一步提升的重要因素，其值由飽和電流所決定。載子SRH復合、歐傑復合，在金屬或鈍化區與矽接觸表面的復合都會決定飽和電流的大小。由於影響因素眾多若要依靠實驗一一討論所耗費的時間成本相當可觀，因此本研究重點旨在透過電腦軟體模擬建立一套完整的分析，以供未來實際製做出高效率元件。首先先計算材料本身必存在無法除去的復合機制，歐傑復合和輻射復合所貢獻的飽和電流值，而這也是當其他部分最佳化之後，元件的最終效率限制。對200 μm 1Ωcm的N型基材約20.9 fA/cm2。接著討論各種有可能對飽和電流產生影響的因素對元件的影響程度。接著再改變電極間距和電極開孔大小來決定最佳效率時所需的元件尺寸設計。模擬最後得到的最高效率25.25 %(Jsc=40.87 mA/cm2, Voc=0.7244 V, FF=85.31 %)是出現在高載子生命期(5 ms)低表面復合速率(10 cm/s)電極間距小(30 μm)且開孔小的時候(1 μm)。透過以上模擬可以知道，在材料和技術許可之下，如何利用背點接式結構製作出超過目前矽晶太陽能電池最高效率(24.7 %)的25 %以上高效率元件。

摘要………………………………………………………………………I
目錄…………………………………………………………………… II
表目錄…………………………………………………………………………… IV
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………………………V
Chapter 1 簡介與研究動機…………………………………………………………1
Chapter 2 各類矽晶電池的設計與特性……………………………………………4
2.1 金屬貫穿式太陽能電池( MWT ) ……………………………………………4
2.2 射極貫穿式太陽能電池(EWT ) ……………………………………………5
2.3 背電極背接面(BC-BJ)太陽能電池 …………………………………………5
2.3.1 指叉式背電極(IBC) 太陽能電池 ………………………………………5
2.3.2 背點電極(BPC)太陽能電池………………………………………………8
Chapter 3太陽能電池運作原理及效率極限和元件效率損失因子………………18
3.1 太陽能電池運作原理 ………………………………………………………18
3.2 效率極限和元件效率損失因子 ……………………………………………20
3.3 太陽能電池模擬軟體 ………………………………………………………22
Chapter 4 BPC元件模擬……………………………………………………………28
4.1 TCAD的模擬方法與流程 ……………………………………………………28
4.2 材料本身的限制 ……………………………………………………………29
4.3 IBC元件模擬步驟……………………………………………………………32
4.3.1 最佳飽和電流組合 ……………………………………………………33
4.3.2 BPC結構的模擬…………………………………………………………33
4.4影響效率表現的因素 ………………………………………………………34
4.4.1塊材生命期的影響 ……………………………………………………34
4.4.2表面鈍化區的影響 ……………………………………………………35
4.4.3高複合效率區域(射極和背表面電場)的擴散深度 …………………38
4.4.4點電極結構的使用 ……………………………………………………39
4.4.5總結:各部分影響的比重 ……………………………………………41
4.4.6材料厚度改變對元件的影響 …………………………………………42
4.5最佳元件尺寸設計的模擬 …………………………………………………42
4.5.1固定塊材生命期之下電極間距和電極開孔大小的影響 ……………42
4.5.2 塊材生命期不同造成的影響 …………………………………………44
4.5.3 電極電阻損失 …………………………………………………………45
4.6 光罩設計 ……………………………………………………………………46
Chapter 5 結論 ……………………………………………………………………77
參考文獻 ……………………………………………………………………………79

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