近年來由於行動技術的演進，使得配備有GPS功能的行動裝置得以提供各式各樣即時的適地性服務，而在這些服務當中又以GPS導航提供了許多有用的功能及普遍應用為旅遊輔助工具而最為普及，使用配備電子地圖及GPS導航功能的智慧型手機，可協助使用者在不熟悉路線的情況下，快速的到達目的地。
然而，目前市面上仍欠缺免費及開放原始碼的GPS導航軟體來支援各方面的應用。因此，本論文主要探討智慧型手機上的導航及追踪服務，並提出二個增進機制；第一部份描述我們所開發之智慧型手機導航系統-Android Mobile Navigation System (AMNS)，AMNS除了提供使用者GPS定位導航功能外，更進一步支援QR碼擷取解析、鄰近景點搜尋以及好友定位等功能，AMNS為開放原始碼軟體，讓有意發展導航系統之開發者能進一步根據本系統來發展旅遊相關服務。
此外，本篇論文假設在無法隨時隨地接收到無線網路的情況下，在第二個部份提出預測式定位與動態閥值方法，達到以最小量簡訊傳送，來達到定位追蹤目的之系統。並針對三個可能遇到的問題設計出SMS傳送格式、預測式定位方法及動態閥值，以期在可接受的誤差下，能夠有效達到減少簡訊傳送量。SMS傳送格式制定出一套傳送格式，能將各類訊息存放在一封訊息內，以避免簡訊量的增加，預測式定位方法利用速度及方向預測被追蹤方的位置，當預測位置與實際位置距離超過閥值，才傳送更新位置的簡訊給追蹤方，在考慮到速度與閥值間可能產生的問題下，動態閥值根據不同速度，定義其當時閥值，以減少簡訊傳送與維持一定準確性，在實驗結果下，展現出能在可接受之誤差範圍下之簡訊傳送量能夠少於定時傳送與固定閥值傳送方法。

Recent advancements in mobile technology allow Global Positioning System (GPS)-enabled mobile devices provide a variety of real-time Location-Based Services (LBS). Among all those services, GPS navigation is the most common one due to its useful functionality and popularity of assistant during a trip. By using smart phones that feature GPS navigation capabilities, the travelers can easily and quickly arrive to the unfamiliar destination.
However, there is no free and open-source GPS navigation system which integrates many useful applications. Thus, this dissertation investigates navigating and tracking services in smart phones and proposes two enhanced mechanisms. The first work is involved in the design, implementation and testing of such a GPS navigation system on the Android platform, called Android Mobile Navigation System (AMNS). AMNS not only provides users with the GPS navigation function, but also supports Quick Response (QR) code decoding and friend positioning. Furthermore, AMNS is free and open-source software, so service providers or developers can easily extend their own services based on this system.
Furthermore, combining Short Message Service (SMS) and Global Position System (GPS), the second work proposes a novel method, called Location-based Delivering (LBD), and further develops a realistic system to tracking target’s moving. The LBD reduces the number of short message transmissions while maintaining location accuracy within an acceptable range. The proposed approach, LBD, consists of three primary parts: short message format, location prediction and dynamic threshold. The defined short message format is proprietary. Location prediction utilizes the current target’s location, moving speed, bearing to predict its next location. When the distance between the predicted location and the actual location exceeds a threshold, the target sends a short message to the tracker to update the actual location. Based on the movement speed of the target, the threshold is dynamically adjusted to balance the location accuracy and the number of short messages. Experimental results show that LBD indeed outperforms other methods because it maintains satisfactory location accuracy with relatively fewer messages.

Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1. Motivation
1.2. Organization of This Dissertation
Chapter 2. Related Work
2.1. QR code: Two-Dimensional Bar Code
2.2. The Google Android Operating System
2.2.1. Android Platform Versions
2.2.2. Android Architecture
2.3. Electronic Map
2.4. Comparing Different Navigation Software
2.5. Short Message Service
2.6. Tracking Technique
Chapter 3. A GPS Navigation System with QR Code Decoding and Friend Positioning in Smart Phones
3.1. Design of AMNS
3.1.1. UMIS
3.1.2. QDS
3.1.3. GNS
3.1.4. CAS
3.2. System Functionality of AMNS
3.2.1. Decoding QR Code
3.2.2. Navigation Services
3.2.3. Friend Positioning
Chapter 4. A Tracking System with Location-based Delivering for Reducing Short Message Transmissions
4.1. Design of LBD
4.1.1. Well-Defined SMS Format
4.1.2. Location Prediction
4.1.3. Dynamic Threshold
4.2. The Developed LBD System
4.2.1. System Architecture
4.2.2. Offline Map
4.2.3. Implementation on Android
4.3. Evaluation
4.3.1. Performance Comparison of Delivering Methods
4.3.2. Effect of Dynamic Threshold
Chapter 5. Conclusions and Future Works
5.1. Conclusions
5.2. Future Works
References

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