燃料電池可將化學能直接轉換成電能，能量轉換效率高(40-60%)，是新型能源開發的重點之一。其中質子交換膜燃料電池主要發展於攜帶式電力的應用，因質子交換膜燃料電池電力密度高，而唯一要克服的問題是攜帶式的氫氣來源。使用現場反應產氫的方式可克服氫氣攜帶技術的限制，故本研究以氨做為產氫的來源，而氨裂解產氫之反應溫度通常偏高，約 400-650 °C，添加促進劑有助於提高釕(Ru)觸媒性能及降低反應溫度。
本研究主要探討釕觸媒中添加銫(Cs)促進劑比例對氨氣轉化率與
氫氣產率之影響。此外為瞭解氨裂解反應機制，取樣反應後的觸媒以粒徑分析儀、掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)/能量散佈光譜儀(EDS)以及X光繞射分析儀(XRD)等進行材料特性分析。結果顯示，當 Cs 促進劑添加比例增加時，轉化率與氫氣產率會隨之增加，促進劑添加 Cs/Ru 莫耳比為 4.5 時，氨氣轉化率與氫氣產率達最高值。當 Cs/Ru 莫耳比大於 5.5 後，氨氣轉化率則呈現下降趨勢。添加於觸媒的 Cs/Ru 莫耳比為 4.5，氨氣流量為 3 mL/min，反應溫度高於 350 °C 時，氨氣轉化率將近 100%。雖然氨氣轉化率隨氨氣入口流量增加而降低，氨氣轉化率也隨反應溫度降低而減少，但在流量為 9 mL/min 及 350 °C 時，氨氣轉化率仍超過 80%，表示觸媒添加一定比例的促進劑時，可使得觸媒在低溫條件下有良好的產氫效率。
由XRD分析結果顯示，促進劑(Cs)、觸媒(Ru)與載體碳(C)之間並未產生其他化合物，因此推測造成氨轉化率下降原因，可能是促進劑添加過多，造成促進劑圍繞觸媒的量增加，因此銫促進劑覆蓋住釕金屬與氨氣接觸的活性表面，使接觸面積減少。
上述研究結果顯示，於氨裂解反應器使用釕觸媒，並添加適當比例之銫促進劑，於較低溫條件下能明顯提升產氫效率。

The effect of the molar ratio of promoter-cesium(Cs)/catalyst-ruthenium (Ru), the flow rate of NH 3 and the temperature of reaction on the decomposition efficiency of ammonia in terms of the production efficiency of hydrogen was investigated in this study. In addition, the used Cs/Ru catalyst was sampled and characterized by a particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) in order to realize the mechanism of NH3 decomposition reaction.
The results showed that the decomposition efficiency of NH3 would increase with increasing the molar ratio of Cs/Ru, decreasing the flow rate of NH3 and increasing the temperature of reaction. The decomposition of NH3 would reach the highest efficiency, almost 100%, at the condition of a Cs/Ru molar ratio of 4.5, a NH3 flow rate of 3 mL/min and a reaction temperature exceeding 350 °C. The decomposition efficiency of NH3 was still higher than 80% at the condition of a NH 3 flow rate of 9 mL/min and a
reaction temperature of 350 °C, indicating the effective promoting effect of Cs/Ru catalyst on the decomposition of NH 3 . However, as the Cs/Ru molar ratio was higher than 5.5, the production efficiency of H 2 was declined to a value which was lower than that of the condition with Ru only.
In addition, the results of XRD analysis showed that the used Cs/Ru catalyst did not generate other defined crystals with the carrier – carbon in reaction channel. Also, it was found in the analysis of SEM/EDS that the Cs atoms were not bonded with Ru atoms, implying the uniform distribution of Cs atoms surrounding Ru atoms at the condition of a Cs/Ru molar ratio of 4.5. Nevertheless, at the condition of a higher Cs/Ru molar ratio, the surface of Ru atoms may be covered by Cs atoms, leading to less active sites of Ru catalyst for the decomposition of NH3.
On the basis of the results obtained in this study, it was revealed that the decomposition efficiency of ammonia in terms of the production efficiency of hydrogen would be significantly promoted by adding an appropriate molar ratio of Cs/Ru in reactor, even at a lower reaction temperature and a higher flow rate of NH3.

目錄
摘要
Abstract
目錄
圖目錄
表目錄
第一章 前言
1.1 研究背景
1.2 研究動機與目的
第二章 文獻回顧
2.1 氫重組技術簡介
2.2 以氨(NH3)作為氫載體
2.2.1 氨氣特性
2.2.2 氨裂解反應
2.3 氨裂解用觸媒
2.3.1 觸媒
2.3.2 載體
2.3.3 促進劑
2.4 影響因子
2.4.1 入口流量
2.4.2 反應溫度
第三章 實驗材料與方法
3.1 研究流程
3.2 氨裂解反應產氫系統
3.2.1 實驗系統
3.2.2 氫氣檢量線
3.2.3 氨氣轉化率與氫氣產率計算
3.3.1 Cs/Ru 莫耳比計算
3.3.2 促進劑添加流程
3.3.3 氨裂解反應程序
3.4 觸媒材料特性分析
3.4.1 粒徑分析
3.4.2 表面形態之觀察
3.4.3 元素分佈分析
3.4.4 表面結晶分析
第四章 結果與討論
4.1 氫氣檢量線
4.2 觸媒添加促進劑之前處理溫度
464.3 觸媒與促進劑之調配比例
4.4 觸媒特性分析
4.4.1 粒徑分析
4.4.2 觸媒表面型態觀察
4.4.4 觸媒之晶相分析
4.5 反應器之反應溫度
4.6 進入反應器之氨氣入口流量
4.7 反應器中觸媒填充量(loading)
4.8 不同反應溫度之反應速率比較
第五章 結論與建議
參考文獻
附錄

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