臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文針對低壓微電網供電系統進行其保護協調最佳規劃，其中以「模擬退火（Simulated Annealing, SA）法」為基礎以建立最佳化數學模式，包括目標函數及限制函數之建立，前者主要考慮保護電驛之成本及其所需之比流器及比壓器之成本。至於限制函數主要考慮保護協調需求的限制條件，包括各保護電驛設定參數之限制條件及主保護與後衛保護之間的時間協調之限制條件。此外欲進行保護協調之規劃必須先進行故障分析。為此，本文搜尋出最佳解。文中首先描述微電網供電系統之特性，及常用保護電驛特性。以電磁暫態分析軟體(EMTP/ATP)建構低壓微電網供電系統ATP模型，應用次模型將針對微電網系統的主匯流排、饋線及電源之不同故障類型，包含模型分析相間故障及接地故障，藉此ATP模擬分析，可獲得故障期間不同位置之電壓及電流之變化及相關數據，以便進行保護電驛之規劃。最後本文發展以模擬退火法為基礎之求解法則以搜尋最佳解，並使用MATLAB軟件為開發程式以實現法則，應用實際進行規劃，其結果驗證模擬退火法可用於微電網保護協調之最佳規劃，獲得最低成本之最佳規劃，達成具有經濟性考量且具有保護協調之最佳規劃。

In this thesis, the optimal planning of protection coordination for low voltage microgrid system based on Simulated Annealing (SA) method is proposed. The characteristics of the micro-grid supply system, and common-used relay characteristics are first described. Next,the problem formulation of protection coordination optimization is constructed in which the objective function and constraint functions are derived. The costs of protective relays and the required voltage transformer (VT) and current transformer (CT) are considered in the objective function, while the constraint functions include the seting parameters constraint of each relay and the constraints of time coordination requirements between primary protection and backup protection. In addition, the fault analysis is required for implemecting the protection coordination. This thesis uses the alternative transient program(ATP) of the electromagnetic transient program(EMTP) to construct the model (ATP model) of a low voltage micro-grid system, based on ATP model various types of faults on the main bus、feeder and source terminals of mico-grid system, include the phase-to-phase faults and phase-to-groud faults, the numberical results and the variation of voltages and currents at different points during faults are obtained from ATP simulation for protection coordination planning. Finally, the solution algorithm based on simulated annealing (SA) method is developed for searching the optimal solution of protection coordination. The program of SA solution algorithm is developed based on MATLAB. The developed program is used on a practical case to certify the SA method and is applicable for optimal planning of protection coordination with minimum cost.

目 錄
摘 要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌 謝 iv
目 錄 v
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 xi
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與目的 1
1.2 相關研究概況 2
1.3 研究內容概述 3
第二章 微電網供電系統架構及問題描述 5
2.1 微電網簡介 5
2.2 微電網架構 5
2.3 微電網之保護協調概述 7
2.3.1 問題描述 7
2.3.2 保護電驛之設計準則 7
2.4 保護電驛介紹 8
2.4.1 過電流電驛 9
2.4.2 電壓控制型過電流電驛 11
2.4.3 差動電驛 12
第三章 故障分析方法模型建立 13
3.1 故障分析方法及分析軟體介紹 13
3.2 模型建立及參數設定 15
3.2.1 電源模型與參數設定 15
3.2.2 變壓器模型與參數設定 21
3.2.3 負載模型與參數設定 24
3.2.4 低壓電纜模型與參數設定 26
3.3 微電網系統ATP模型 27
第四章 微電網系統故障分析 29
4.1 系統故障分析 29
4.2 主匯流排前端故障分析 30
4.2.1 短路故障 31
4.2.2 接地故障 34
4.3 主匯流排中端故障 37
4.3.1 短路故障 38
4.3.2 接地故障 41
4.4 主匯流排末端故障分析 45
4.4.1 短路故障 45
4.4.2 接地故障 48
4.5 饋線1故障 51
4.5.1 短路故障 52
4.5.2 接地故障 54
4.6 饋線2故障分析 57
4.6.1 短路故障 57
4.6.2 接地故障 59
4.7 饋線3故障 63
4.7.1 短路故障 63
4.7.2 接地故障 65
4.8 變壓器二次側出口端故障分析 68
4.8.1 短路故障 69
4.8.2 接地故障 71
第五章 最佳化模型之建立及搜尋法則 74
5.1 目標函數及限制函數 74
5.1.1 目標函數之建立 74
5.1.2 限制函數之建立 76
5.1.3 最佳化問題數學模式 78
5.2 模擬退火法及演算法則介紹 78
5.2.1 簡介 78
5.2.2 波茲曼函數 79
5.2.3 演算法則 80
5.2.4 模擬退火法之應用 81
5.3 電驛跳脫時間決定之副程式發展 84
第六章 微電網保護協調規劃 86
6.1 正常運轉分析及保護協調參數設定 86
6.2 設計案例說明 91
6.3 模擬退火法實驗結果 92
6.4 實驗結果討論 93
6.4.1 主匯流排前端 93
6.4.2 主匯流排中端 97
6.4.3 主匯流排末端 103
6.4.4 饋線1 107
6.4.5 饋線2 109
6.4.6 饋線3 111
6.4.7 柴油機變壓器二次側出口端 113
6.5 模擬退火法與傳統規劃結果比較 115
6.5.1 傳統規劃設計結果 115
6.5.2 保護規劃結果比較 116
第七章 結論及未來展望 117
7.1 結論 117
7.2 未來展望 118
參考文獻 119

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