臨床上移除牙根柱是件花費時間且損耗齒質的事，甚至可能造成牙根斷裂。本實驗的主要目的是探討加熱處理對於黏合劑性質的改變進而造成金屬根柱固位力的降低並同時監控加熱時的牙根表面溫度，研究更方便、有效移除牙根柱的方法。
選取拔下的人類單根管牙齒，根管清創修形後，進行根管充填，之後以機械方式製備根柱空間並製作金屬根柱。將牙齒隨機分為四組，每組20顆牙齒，分別以三種樹脂及一種傳統磷酸鋅黏合劑固定。其中各組一半樣本直接進行抗拔測試，另一半則是在根柱加熱後測試。加熱處理的溫度與時間則參考初步實驗的結果。另外針對熱塑性樹脂黏合劑的組別，探討加熱後回溫對金屬根柱固位性的影響。在金屬根柱加熱後以不同的測試速度進行抗拔測試，每組牙齒樣本數為10。上述所得結果以變異數分析探討各組間之差異(α=0.05)。
綜合各實驗結果顯示一、由熱機械分析儀可得到熱塑性黏合樹脂具有約70度左右之玻璃轉移溫度，以及加熱確實可以有效促使熱塑性樹脂黏合劑的軟化，但不影響其他黏合劑。二、當根柱加熱250度15秒時，牙根表面溫度仍在安全溫度內(47度)，而金屬根柱表面則有明顯升溫，至少有一半超過熱塑性黏合樹脂之玻璃轉移溫度。三、熱塑性樹脂黏合劑在未加熱時黏著強度優於各組，加熱處理後所需拔除根柱力量大幅下降。另外熱固性黏合劑Panavia F則可能因為多一層接著劑介面影響造成加熱後也顯著下降，而其餘兩種黏合劑則不受熱影響。四、在熱塑性樹脂黏合劑加熱後，回溫時間愈短則根柱的黏著力越弱越容易移除，甚至牙根表面上升溫度亦愈低。
根據本實驗的結果，熱塑性樹脂黏合劑用於根柱黏合時有優異的接著強度，而在特殊人為加熱處理下即使牙根表面仍在安全範圍內，亦可有效大幅降低接著強度，使得根柱可被輕易地移除。本發現可提供臨床醫師選用根柱黏合劑時的重要參考，當然若要實際應用於臨床使用仍需更深入的研究。

Previous studies have shown that ultrasound without water cooling was efficient for removing post fixed with resin cement. This study hypothesized that heating could possibly soften thermoplastic resin cement and thus facilitate post removal.
Single-rooted human teeth with single canal were selected and sectioned at the cementoenamel junction. Endodontic treatment, post space preparation and custom casting post fabrication were performed. The roots were randomly divided into 4 groups of 20 specimens each with various luting cements, including a thermoplastic resin cement (Superbond C&B), two thermoset resin cements (Unicem and Panavia F) and a water-based zinc phosphate cement (Harvard Cement), for luting posts. Three days after post cementation, 10 specimens of each group were subjected to pull-out tests in a universal testing machine. For the rest specimens, the top of the post was heated by a heater before pull-out testing. Meanwhile, thermocouples were used to monitor the root surface temperatures. For the thermoplastic group, different test speed in pull-out tests was used to investigate effect of temperature returning to retention of posts. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test (α=0.05).
The results revealed first, that glass transition temperature of thermoplastic resin cement from thermomechanical analyzer was about 70°C, and heating gradually transformed it from a thermoplastic mold into a viscous liquid, especially in the vicinity of their particular glass transition temperature. Second, when heater set at 250°C for 15 seconds, at last half of the post temperatures were over glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic resin cement, and the highest temperature measured on root surfaces was still under 47°C. Third, the posts luted with thermoplastic resin cement had the highest retention force of 74.1Kg±7.8 among the experiment groups (P<0.05). Pre-heating the post before pull-out testing significantly reduced the retention of thermoplastic resin luted posts to 28.36Kg±14.1 (38%). Forth, in thermoplastic resin cement group, specimen with less time of temperature returning had less post retention, and lower temperature measured on root surfaces.
In conclusion, the retention of casting post luted with thermoplastic resin cement was significantly reduced under a proper heat application on biologic tolerance temperature.

目錄
中文摘要…………………………………………………………………1
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………3
誌謝………………………………………………………………………5
目錄………………....................................................................................6
圖表目錄…………………………………………………………………8
一、序論……………………………………………………….……….13二、文獻回顧…………………………….………………………….…16
(一) 移除根柱之相關因子……………………………………………16
(二) 移除根柱的方法及併發症………………………………………22
(三) 樹脂黏合劑之種類與介紹………………………………………27
三、 研究動機與目的…………………………………………………42
四、 (實驗一) 黏合劑之熱機械性質量測
1. 前言…………………………………………………………………44
2. 材料與方法…………………………………………...…………….46
3. 實驗結果……………………………………………………………47
4. 討論…………………………………………………………………49
五、(實驗二) 根柱加熱造成根柱與牙根表面之升溫分析
1. 前言…………………………………………………………………52
2. 材料與方法…………………………………………………………54
3. 實驗結果……………………………………………………………59
4. 討論…………………………………………………………………60
六、(實驗三) 加熱對於根柱接著強度之影響
1. 前言…………………………………………………………………62
2. 材料與方法…………………………………………………………63
3. 實驗結果……………………………………………………………67
4. 討論…………………………………………………………………69
七、(實驗四) 加熱狀態下對於以不同測試速度對以熱塑性樹脂黏合劑接著強度之影響
1. 前言…………………………………………………………………75
2. 材料與方法…………………………………………………………76
3. 實驗結果……………………………………………………………79
4. 討論…………………………………………………………………80
八、綜合討論與結論…………………………………………………..81
九、附圖………………………………………………………………..87
十、 附表………………………………………………………………106
十一、 參考文獻………………………………………………………116

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