臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於無線射頻辨識(Radio Frequency Identification, RFID)系統可以被模塑成雙躍式通道(Dual-Hop Channel)，其中雙躍式通道由前向鏈路(Forward Link)與反向散射鏈路(Backscatter Link)所組成。RFID系統中前向鏈路與反向散射鏈路之相關性(Correlation)會強烈影響RFID系統讀取器(Reader)接收端之效能。本論文基於相關性雙躍式雷利衰減(Rayleigh Fading)通道，以二位元相位偏移鍵調變(Binary Phase Shift Keying, BPSK)與差分相位偏移鍵調變(Differential Phase Shift Keying, DPSK)調變，並採用多天線分集系統(Diversity Systems with Multiple Antennas)與選擇性合成技術(Selection Combining, SC)，探討相關性與接收端效能之關係。在效能的評估上，推導相對應之位元錯誤率(Bit Error Rate, BER)。針對不同之相關係數與天線數目，比對數值分析與模擬結果。根據數值分析結果得知，在越大之訊雜比(Signal-to-Noise Ratio, SNR)與相關性的情況下，將會使得接收端之位元錯誤率效能越差。此外，採用選擇性合成技術，在使用越多天線數目的情況下，可節省高於4分貝(dB)的功率增益。

The channel of radio frequency identification (RFID) systems can be modeled as a dual-hop channel consisting of a forward link and a backscatter link. The correlation between the forward and backscatter links strongly affects the receiver performance of RFID systems. In this thesis, the correlation impact on the receiver performance is analytically studied for BPSK and DPSK over the correlated dual-hop Rayleigh fading channels, where diversity systems with multiple antennas and selection combining (SC) are used. For performance evaluation, the corresponding bit error rate (BER) is derived. Numerical results based on analysis and simulation are presented, where different values of the correlation coefficients and antenna numbers are considered. According to the numerical result, for larger average signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), the more the correlation, the worse the BER performance. In addition, with the SC, there can be as high as a 4dB power gain if more diversity branches are used.

目錄 V
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 2
1.2 論文大綱 3
第二章 無線射頻辨識技術 5
2.1 RFID組成元件[5, 6] 5
2.1.1 讀取器(Reader) 6
2.1.2 電子標籤(Tag) 8
2.1.3 後端應用系統(Application System) 12
2.2 RFID特性[5, 6] 12
2.2.1 RFID系統優點 12
2.2.2 RFID系統限制 14
2.3 RFID系統應用[5, 6] 16
2.4 MIMO介紹[7] 18
2.4.1 MIMO模式 19
2.4.1.1 分集模式(DIV-Mode) 19
2.4.1.2 空間複用(SM-Mode) 20
2.4.1.3 空-時編碼(STC-Mode) 20
第三章 分集技術介紹與分析 21
3.1 分集合成技術 21
3.1.1 極化分集(Polarization Diversity) 22
3.1.2 頻率分集(Frequency Diversity) 22
3.1.3 時間分集(Time Diversity) 23
3.1.4 空間分集(Spatial Diversity) 24
3.2 天線接收分集合成技術 24
3.2.1 最大比例合成技術(Maximal Ratio Combining, MRC) 24
3.2.2 等增益合成技術(Equal Gain Combining, EGC) 25
3.2.3 選擇性合成技術(Selection Combining, SC) 26
第四章 相關性雙躍式雷利衰減通道 28
4.1 系統架構 29
4.2 以BPSK調變之選擇性合成數值分析 32
4.3 以DPSK調變之選擇性合成數值分析 36
4.4數值分析與模擬結果 38
第五章 結論 46
參考文獻 48

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