臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文研究主要為建構一個居家型、個人化的睡眠生理訊號與環境參數量測系統，讓患者不用到醫院的睡眠中心檢測，就能測得與醫院相同品質的睡眠狀態量測，提供專業人士診斷。
本論文設計了一個睡眠生理訊號與環境參數量測系統，具備一般醫院睡眠檢測醫療儀器的多項功能，有體溫、打呼感測、血氧濃度、翻身肌電圖、磨牙症狀、眼動圖、心電圖和腦電圖等功能，並加上環境參數，有環境聲音、溫度、亮度等。患者可以從這些資訊了解自己的睡眠品質，並且方便居家舒適的使用。本裝置的特色是體積小和成本低，能夠降低一般患者在睡眠品質量測上的經濟負擔，滿足平民化的需求。
系統的類比前端電路是以運算放大器為基礎，分別建構出儀表放大器、高通濾波器、低通濾波器與電壓箝位電路，在用這些電路建構出溫度、聲音、亮度、血氧濃度、翻身肌電圖、磨牙症狀、眼動圖、心電圖與腦電圖的類比前端電路。在嵌入式微控制器的部分是使用 Microchip PIC24FJ256GB206 作為系統的嵌入式微控制器，內建多通道類比數位轉換器與串列周邊通訊，能將量測到的生理與環境類比訊號轉換成數位訊號後傳送至個人電腦，交由軟體程式來處理。

The purpose of this study is constructed a home-used polysomnography and environment parameter measurement system. Patients will not be in hospital, still can get medical inspection from outpatient services by using our proposal.
Our proposed polysomnography and environment parameter measurement system detects several physiological signals that included in medical equipment that used in general hospitals. The proposition measure following physiological signals: body-temperature, snore, SpO2, EMG, bruxism, EOG, ECG, and EEG. Moreover, the proposal can sense environmental conditions that include sound, temperature, brightness, and so on. Patients can comfortably use our scheme at home and evaluate the quality of self sleep. The advantage of this proposal is compact size and low cost, to meet the request of most people.
Based on operation amplifiers, we construct instrument amplifiers, high-pass filters, low-pass filters, post-amplifiers and offset circuits. And then we build analog front-end circuits by using these components to measure following physiological signals: sound, temperature, SpO2, EMG, bruxism, EOG, ECG, and EEG, etc. We select Microchip PIC24FJ256GB206 microcontroller to integrate whole system. This embedded processor build-in a multi-channel analog to digital converter, and serial communication interfaces. Use this processor to digitize physiological signals and environmental conditions, and then deliver the results to personal computer. We can store and analyze these data by PC software.

摘要……………………………………………………………………………………i
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………..……ii
誌謝…………………………………………………………………………………...iii
目錄…………………………………………………………………………………...iv
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………………..vii
表目錄………………………………………………………………………………....x
第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………….………1
1.1 研究背景……………………………………………………….…………...1
1.2 研究動機……………………………………………………….…………...1
1.3 文獻探討……………………………………………………….…………...2
1.4 相關技術簡介………………………………………………….…………...4
1.5 章節提要………………………………………………………….………...4
第二章 理論基礎……………………………………………………….…………6
2.1 睡眠狀態量測概論………………………………………………….……...6
2.2 環境參數量測……………………………………………………….……...6
2.2.1 環境亮度量測……………………………………………..…………7
2.2.2 氣溫量測……………………………………………………..………7
2.2.3 環境噪音量測…………………………………………………..……8
2.3 多導程生理訊號簡介與應用………………………………………….…...9
2.3.1 體溫量測………………………………………………………..……9
2.3.2 打呼偵測………………………………………………………..…..10
2.3.3 血氧濃度量測………………………………………………..……..11
2.3.4 肌電圖量測…………………………………………………..……..13
2.3.5 心電圖量測…. ……………………………………………..………15
2.3.6 腦電圖量測………………………………………………..………..17
2.4 睡眠時的生理訊號變化………………………………………….……….21
2.5 生理訊號量測的雜訊干擾……………………………………….……….23
第三章 系統規劃與設計……………………………………………….………..25
3.1 系統架構簡介……………………………………………….….…………25
3.2 電源電路的設計……………………………………………….………….26
3.3 生理電氣訊號的類比前端電路設計………………………….………….28
3.3.1 儀表放大器的設計與模擬……………………………….………..28
3.3.2 高通濾波器的設計與模擬…………………………………..……..31
3.3.3 低通濾波器的設計與模擬…………………………………..……..33
3.3.4 電壓箝位電路的設計與模擬…………………………………..…..34
3.4 感測電路的整合…………………………………………………….…….36
3.4.1 亮度感測電路…………………………………………………..…..36
3.4.2 溫度感測電路…………………………………………………..…..37
3.4.3 音訊輸入電路………………………………………………..……..39
3.4.4 血氧濃度感測電路……………………………………………..…..42
3.4.5 心電圖與肌電圖感測電路……………………………………..…..43
3.4.6 腦電圖感測電路……………………………………………..……..45
3.5 嵌入式微控制器與周邊裝置……………………………………….…….47
3.5.1 Microchip PIC24FJ256GB206微控制器簡介…………….....……47
3.5.2 通用序列匯流排(USB)….…………………………………..……..49
3.6 韌體架構的簡介……………………………………………………..……50
3.7 應用軟體規劃………………………………………………………..……51
3.7.1 程式開發工具簡介………………………………………...……….51
3.7.2 使用者介面的設計………………………………………...……….52
3.7.3 程式架構說明…………………………………………...………….53
第四章 電路與系統的整合測試…………………………………………………..54
4.1 感測電路的實際測試………………………………………….………….54
4.2 系統整合測試………………………………………………….………….61
第五章 結論與未來展望………………………………………………….……..62
5.1 結論………………………………………………………….…………….62
5.2 未來展望…………………………………………………….…………….62
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………..64
作者簡歷…………………………………………………..…………………………67

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