臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　衛星的應用相當的廣泛，如軍用和民用的地球觀測衛星、通信衛星、導航衛星、氣象衛星及研究衛星等。大多數的人造衛星被置放於離地面約1,500KM中，在地球與大氣層之間圍繞。本論文提出了一種低成本的低軌衛星(Low Earth Orbit,LEO)信號追蹤系統，人機介面(MMI)可同時控制俯仰軸(Elevation)、旋轉軸(Azimuth)與傾斜軸(Tilt)之三軸結構，並改用通訊介面來取代軸控卡以降低成本。
　　本論文所設計之人機介面(MMI)以IPC搭配Microsoft Visual Studio C#作為主控端，來顯示追蹤時之相關訊息，並即時控制高精度伺服馬達進行低軌衛星之追蹤。硬體選用嵌入式晶片89S51做為核心，並搭配類比感測元件解角器來回傳機構的實際角度。並將計算出的星曆資料作為基礎追蹤方式，再結合角度即時修正系統來達成低軌衛星信號之追蹤。最後經由實際追蹤時之角度繪製出數據圖與星歷資料參考路徑做比較，其追蹤精準度可達0.07度。

　　Satellites are used for a large number of purposes, such as military and civilian earth observation satellites, communications satellites, navigation satellites, weather satellites, and research satellites. The majority of artificial satellites are placed in low earth orbit (LEO), which is an orbit below an altitude of approximately 1,500 KMs around Earth and between the atmospheres.
This thesis proposes a low cost LEO satellite signal tracking system, which is able to control the three axes of Elevation, Azimuth and Tilt simultaneously with a man-machine interface (MMI) instead of the expensive Axis Control Card.
　　The MMI is based on an IPC and Microsoft Visual Studio C# as a host to control the high precision servo motor for LEO satellite tracking instantly, The hardware's core is an embedded chip 89S51 with analog sensing element resolver to send the practical angles of the institutions. The satellite signal tracking is achieved by combining the timely angle correction system and the complete calculation of the Two Line Element (TLE) information by the basis tracking method. Finally, we compare the test results with the TLE information and show that the accuracy of tracking is up to 0.07°, which proves the efficiency of this system.

中文摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 　　　 vii
符號說明 　　　　ix
第一章 緒論 1
　1.1前言 1
　1.2研究動機 2
　1.3文獻探討 2
　1.4論文架構 3
第二章 三軸結構之低軌衛星追蹤系統設計 4
　2.1衛星通訊基礎概論 4
　　2.1.1低軌衛星天線控制器硬體設計 5
　2.2兩行軌道根數Two Line Element (TLE)簡介 7
　2.3嵌入式系統(Embedded system) 14
　　2.3.1嵌入式作業系統 15
　　2.3.2嵌入式作業系統核心 16
　2.4高解析度伺服馬達 17
　　2.4.1通訊協議 18
　　2.4.2伺服馬達之模式 21
　　2.4.3伺服器之暫存器參數 22
　2.5Resolver解角器控制理論及原理 24
　　2.5.1Resolver之原理 24
　　2.5.2Resolver解碼晶片(AU6802N1) 26
　　2.5.3位置感測原理 26
　　2.5.4控制理論 28
　　2.5.5I2C匯流排 30
　　2.5.6USB2.0 30
　　　2.5.6.1通用串列匯流排USB資料傳輸方式 31
　　　2.5.6.2通用串列匯流排USB信號編碼 31
　2.6軌道預測模式 32
第三章 衛星星曆及系統架構 34
　3.1衛星星曆 34
　3.2追蹤系統架構 39
　3.3交流伺服馬達控制理論及原理 40
　　3.3.1馬達原理 40
　　3.3.2馬達模式 41
第四章 實驗結果 42
　4.1實驗設備介紹 42
　　4.1.1實驗設備系統架構 42
　　4.1.2Resolver解角器 43
　　4.1.3解角器信號主控版 44
　　4.1.4交流伺服驅動器 45
　4.2三軸解角器訊號處理電路 52
　4.3程式流程 54
　4.4伺服驅動器設定 62
　4.5人機介面 64
　4.6測試結果與分析 66
　　4.6.1追蹤行程呈現(以台南仁德地面站經緯度為基準) 66
　　4.6.2實際追蹤角度與星曆資料比對 71
第五章 結論及未來展望 77
　5.1結論 77
　5.2未來展望 78
參考文獻 79
發表論文 81
作者簡介 82

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